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COPYRIGHT © AREMA 2010 15: 1 of 32Module 15: Railway Structures
COPYRIGHT © AREMA 2010 15: 2 of 32
Objectives• Bridge Types
–Substructure–Superstructure
• Loading – E80 vs. HS-20• Special Design Consideration• AREMA MRE• Inspection & Maintenance• Other Structures
COPYRIGHT © AREMA 2010 15: 3 of 32
SUBSTRUCTURE
• Timber
• Cast-in-Place Concrete
• Precast Concrete
• Steel
• Stone Masonry
COPYRIGHT © AREMA 2010 15: 4 of 32
Timber Substructure
• Limited to shorter spans
• Prone to fire and decay
• Quick and cheap!
COPYRIGHT © AREMA 2010 15: 5 of 32
Timber Substructure
COPYRIGHT © AREMA 2010 15: 6 of 32
Concrete Substructure (CIP)
• Common material
• Readily available
• Reasonable cost
• Long-term service
• Low-maintenance
COPYRIGHT © AREMA 2010 15: 7 of 32
Foundations
COPYRIGHT © AREMA 2010 15: 8 of 32
Precast Substructure
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Steel Substructure
COPYRIGHT © AREMA 2010 15: 10 of 32
Stone Masonry Substructure
• Constant Maintenance
• Antiquated Method• Variable Materials
COPYRIGHT © AREMA 2010 15: 11 of 32
SUPERSTRUCTURE
• Timber
• Steel
• Cast-in-Place Concrete
• Precast Concrete
• Stone Masonry
COPYRIGHT © AREMA 2010 15: 12 of 32
Deck Type
Open Deck Ballast Deck
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Deck Type
Open Deck
Ballast Deck
COPYRIGHT © AREMA 2010 15: 14 of 32
Timber Superstructure
COPYRIGHT © AREMA 2010 15: 15 of 32
Concrete Superstructure
COPYRIGHT © AREMA 2010 15: 16 of 32
Steel: Deck-Plate Girder
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Deck-Plate Girder
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Steel: Through-Plate Girder
COPYRIGHT © AREMA 2010 15: 19 of 32
Through-Plate Girder
COPYRIGHT © AREMA 2010 15: 20 of 32
Steel: Truss Spans
• Longer Spans• Various Types
– Through– Deck– Pony
• Limited Geometry
• Expensive
COPYRIGHT © AREMA 2010 15: 21 of 32
Steel: Truss
• Pin-Connected• Rivet vs. Bolt• Tuning• Age & Condition
COPYRIGHT © AREMA 2010 15: 22 of 32
Steel: Movable Spans
Swing Span
Lift Span
Bascule Span
COPYRIGHT © AREMA 2010 15: 23 of 32
Loading
Cooper E-80 Loading
One E-80 (Locomotive) Axle = Highway Truck (HS-20)!
Alternate Live Load
100
,00
0
100
,00
0
100
,00
0
100
,00
0
COPYRIGHT © AREMA 2010 15: 24 of 32
Design Issues
• Fatigue
• Impact
• Fracture Critical Members (FCM)
• Deflections
COPYRIGHT © AREMA 2010 15: 25 of 32
Work without Interruptions
• Construction
• Inspection
• Maintenance
• Design Parameters
COPYRIGHT © AREMA 2010 15: 26 of 32
FRA Bridge Worker Safety
• SAFETY FIRST!• Recovery Plan &
Equipment• Potential Fines /
Penalties• www.fra.dot.gov
COPYRIGHT © AREMA 2010 15: 27 of 32
AREMA MRE Navigation
• Chap. 7 – Timber Structures• Chap. 8 – Concrete Structures• Chap. 15 – Steel Structures• They’re ALL Different!
COPYRIGHT © AREMA 2010 15: 28 of 32
Additional Structures
• Culverts• Retaining Walls• Tunnels• Unloading Pits• Buildings / Sheds• Platforms
COPYRIGHT © AREMA 2010 15: 29 of 32
Retaining Structures
Drilled Shaft
COPYRIGHT © AREMA 2010 15: 30 of 32
Retaining Structures
COPYRIGHT © AREMA 2010 15: 31 of 32
Questions?
Authors:
Don McCammon, P.E.HDR Engineering, Inc.
(406) 532-2204
Dallas R. Richards, P.E.Arcadis, Inc. (703) [email protected]