Copyright © 2012 Texas Education Agency. All rights reserved. 1 CTE Teacher Workshop How Color Affects Our Visual Reality

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Introduce yourself Give an example of a saying, idiom, or line from poetry or literature that references a color. Copyright 2012 Texas Education Agency. All rights reserved. 5 Icebreaker: Idioms and Sayings

Language is a major influence on color perception. Difference between adults and infants Unlike infants, adults process color with the brain region devoted to language. Implication Culture has important influence on how we see color. Copyright 2012 Texas Education Agency. All rights reserved. 6 Implications of Idioms and Sayings

Gain awareness of color theories Discuss why the effects of color are important to architecture, construction, and interior design Share previous experiences in the classroom Develop an action plan for the classroom Copyright 2012 Texas Education Agency. All rights reserved.7 Objectives

A large number of variables and factors, such as hue, saturation, light conditions, etc. are present. Differences among individuals vary greatly. Age, gender, and culture affect reactions to color. Culture acts as a lens through which people perceive color. Context affects the psychological reaction to color. Copyright 2012 Texas Education Agency. All rights reserved. 8 Challenges in Color Research

Architecture students reported positive attitudes toward color research, especially studies of color perception and color preferences. Students are aware of need for color theory in professional practice, frustrated by lack of theory in coursework. (Janssens, J., & Mikellides, 1998, p. 328). Copyright 2012 Texas Education Agency. All rights reserved. 9 Why Research is Important

Benefits of color theory in the classroom: Develops critical thinking skills Enhances understanding of complex concepts Helps students understand the role of culture in design Copyright 2012 Texas Education Agency. All rights reserved. 12 Why Color Theory is Important

Faber Birren (1900-1988) Wrote major 20 th century works on color theory Collected important works on color systems Influenced design significantly Collection at Yale Library http://www.library.yale.edu/arts/specialcollections/fab erbirren/index.htm Copyright 2012 Texas Education Agency. All rights reserved. 13 Research and Writings: Foundational Works

The brain perceives the same color across different light conditions, despite the effect of luminosity or shadow. This is important when considering natural and artificial light in design. Copyright 2012 Texas Education Agency. All rights reserved.19 Color Constancy

Positive Associations Preference for a color will be reinforced via positive feedback to the extent that people ultimately like something they bought, made, or chose because of its color (Palmer and Schloss, 2010, p. 8881). Copyright 2012 Texas Education Agency. All rights reserved.25 Color Psychology

Psychological Effects Excitement Restlessness Nervous tension Mental stimulation Overestimation in spatial judgment; can inflate time, size, etc. (Birren, 1950) Copyright 2012 Texas Education Agency. All rights reserved.28 Red

Copyright 2012 Texas Education Agency. All rights reserved. 32 Red Recent research confirms that, although color preference could have an evolutionary component, the current study establishes that there is currently no solid evidence that humans have evolved different color preferences for [red in] hospitable or hostile contexts (Franklin, Gibbons, Chittenden, Alvarez, & Taylor, 2012).

Copyright 2012 Texas Education Agency. All rights reserved. 35 Orange Orange provides a sense of warmth. People prefer tints. Example: Peach (vs. bright, true orange) interiors Orange conveys livability. Example: hospital rooms and restaurants (Birren, 1950)

Copyright 2012 Texas Education Agency. All rights reserved.37 Yellow Physiological Effects Increases metabolism (Birren, 1950) Captures visual attention Uses Visibility Curbs and steps Hazards Safety jackets

Copyright 2012 Texas Education Agency. All rights reserved. 38 Blue Physiological Effects Opposite of red Lowers blood pressure Lowers pulse rate Causes underestimation in spatial reasoning Affects visiondifficult to focus eyes surrounded by blue (Birren, 1950)

Copyright 2012 Texas Education Agency. All rights reserved. 39 Blue Psychology of blue Depressing as an dominant interior color (Birren, 1950) Reliable and calming Popular as a favorite color Common in corporate logo design

Copyright 2012 Texas Education Agency. All rights reserved. 40 Green Physiological Effects Relaxing Calming Psychological Effects Concentration Sedentary tasks (Birren, 1950) Associations Livability; similar to peach (Birren, 1950)

Think about color associations, reactions, and assumptions. What are some reactions to the following architecture examples? Try to separate reaction to the design from the color. Does it place the building in a certain place and time? Does it convey timelessness? Does it bring any memories, feelings, etc. to mind? Copyright 2012 Texas Education Agency. All rights reserved. 44 Discussion: Color in Architecture

Latino Cultural Center (Dallas, TX) Ricardo Legorreta Copyright 2012 Texas Education Agency. All rights reserved.45 Attribution: Architectsea http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb /e/e2/Latino_Cultural_Center_Dallas_8.jpg/768px- Latino_Cultural_Center_Dallas_8.jpg

Copyright 2012 Texas Education Agency. All rights reserved.48 House & Studio (Mexico City) Luis Barragn Attribution: Susleriel http://upload.wikimedia.org/wiki pedia/commons/4/41/Fuente_de _los_Amantes.JPG

Copyright 2012 Texas Education Agency. All rights reserved.49 Attribution: Unlisted http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File :Satelite_Towers_and_Anillo_P eriferico_BMAC.jpg Torres de Satlite (Naucalpan, Mexico) Luis Barragn Mathias Goerit

Copyright 2012 Texas Education Agency. All rights reserved.50 Den Haag Stadhuis (The Hague, Netherlands) Richard Meier Attribution: nl:Gebruiker:Ellywa http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/common s/2/2c/Den_Haag_stadhuis_april_2004.JPG

Copyright 2012 Texas Education Agency. All rights reserved.51 Village of Oia (on the Greek Island of Santorini) Attribution: L. Richard Martin, Jr. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Village_ of_Oia_on_the_Greek_Island_of_Sant orini.jpg

Copyright 2012 Texas Education Agency. All rights reserved.52 Moscow State Historical Museum (Red Square, Moscow, Russia) Attribution: Mark Burnet http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/com mons/6/6b/Moscow_State_Historical_Mu seum_Red_Square.jpg

Birren, F. (1950). Color psychology and color therapy. New York: McGraw-Hill. Franklin, A., Gibbons, E., Chittenden, K., Alvarez, J., & Taylor, C. (2012). Infant color preference for red is not selectively context specific. Emotion, 12(5), 1155-1160. doi:10.1037/a0025333 Janssens, J., & Mikellides, B. (1998). Color research in architectural education? A cross-cultural explorative study. Color Research & Application, 23(5), 328-334. Palmer, S. E., & Schloss, K. B. (2010). An ecological valence theory of human color preference. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 107(19), 8877-8882. doi:10.1073/pnas.0906172107 Copyright 2012 Texas Education Agency. All rights reserved.56 References

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Copyright © 2012 Texas Education Agency. All rights reserved. 1 CTE Teacher Workshop How Color Affects Our Visual Reality