Upload
myra-curtis
View
216
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Chapter 14
Nursing, Healing, and Caring
Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Nursing’s Therapeutic Value
• Nursing– Diagnosis and treatment of human responses to
actual or potential health problems (ANA, 2004)
– Blend of art and science
• Purposes of nursing
• Nursing and healing
Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Theoretical Perspectives of Caring
• Watson– Theory of human caring
• Leininger– Transcultural care theory
• Benner– Novice to expert model
Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Care in the High-Technology Environment
• Clients want caring from nurses
• Prevent depersonalization by:– Checking on client
• Rather than just equipment
– Responding to client promptly
– Communicating interest in what client says
– Spending time with client
Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Nurse-Client Relationship
• Basis of nursing (Peplau, 1952)
• Phases of therapeutic relationship:– Orientation
– Working
– Termination
Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Orientation Phase
• Client behaviors:– Feel anxious
– Test
• Nurse behaviors:– Provide specific information
– Project calm, relaxed attitude
– Answer questions consistently and reliably
Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Working Phase
• Client behaviors:– Ask questions
– Seek clarification
– Behave attentively
– Inquire about own role in recovery
(continued)
Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Working Phase
• Nurse behaviors:– Re-evaluate goals
– Support realistic problem solving
Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Termination Phase
• Client behaviors:– Welcome final phase
– Resist termination
• Nurse behaviors:– Evaluate goals
Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Therapeutic Use of Self
• Deliberate plan of action
• Verbal and nonverbal communication
• Take time to “be” with client
Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Caring and Communication
• Communication– How compassion and caring demonstrated to
client
Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Characteristics of Therapeutic Relationships
• Warmth
• Hope
• Rapport
• Trust
• Empathy
• Acceptance
• Active listening
(continued)
Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Characteristics of Therapeutic Relationships
• Humor
• Compassion
• Self-awareness
• Nonjudgmental approach
• Flexibility
• Risk taking
Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Therapeutic Value of the Nursing Process
• Focuses on client’s response to illness, disease, or disability– Rather than just on problem
Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Nursing Roles
• Caregiver
• Counselor
• Teacher
• Client advocate
• Change agent
• Team member
• Resource person