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Cultural Anthropology, 2Eby Nancy Bonvillain
Chapter 1
What is Anthropology?
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Key Distinguishing Features
A focus on the concept of culture
A comparative perspective
A holistic perspective
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The Concept of Culture
The learned values, beliefs, and rules of conduct shared to some extent by the
members of a society that govern their behavior with one another
Symbolic Culture Material Culture
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The Concept of Culture
Symbolic culture: People’s ideas and means of communicating those ideas.
Material culture: The tools, utensils, clothing, housing, and other objects that people make or use.
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A Holistic Perspective
A perspective that views culture as anintegrated whole, no part of which
can be completely understood without considering the whole.
Considers the interconnections among factorsthat contribute to people’s behavior.
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A Comparative Perspective Universals vs. Diversity
Anthropologists collect data in many societies to document the diversity of human culture and to understand common patterns.
Culture Change Cultures are not static: they change in response to internal and external pressures.
Globalization Globalization concerns the spread of economic, political, and cultural influences across a large geographic area or many different societies.
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The Four Subfields of Anthropology
Cultural Anthropology
Linguistic Anthropology
Archaeology
Biological Anthropology
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Figure 1.1 (p. 6)Subfields of Anthropology
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Cultural Anthropology
The Study of Human Culture Ethnography Ethnology Cultural Relativity/Ethnocentrism
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Linguistic Anthropology
Interconnection of Language, Culture, and Society
Indigenous Languages Historical Linguistics
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Archaeology
The Study of Material Culture Historic Prehistoric Applied
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Biological Anthropology
The Study of Human Origins and Contemporary Biological Diversity
Paleoanthropology– Evolution– Primatology– Human variation
Medical Anthropology
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Applied Anthropology
The application of the techniques and theories of anthropology to solving real-world problems.
Includes the fields of:– Forensic anthropology– Cultural resource management (CRM)– Contract Archaeology
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Forensic Anthropology
Employs biological anthropologists who analyze human remains in the service of:– Criminal justice– Families of disaster victims
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Cultural Resource Management(CRM)
The application of archaeology to preserve and protect historic structures and prehistoric sites.
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Contract Archaeology
The application of archaeology to:– Assess the potential impact of construction
on archaeological sites– Salvage archaeological evidence
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Table 1.1a (p. 7)Career Opportunities in the Four Subfields of Anthropology(continued on next slide)
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Table 1.1b (p. 7)Career Opportunities in the Four Subfields of Anthropology(continued from the previous slide)
