Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
The Nervous System: Integration and Control
Parts of the Nervous system
CNS
PNS
Nerve cell
Brain anatomy
Nervous Disorders
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
Components of the Nervous System
Figure 11.1
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
Principle Parts of Nervous System
Central nervous system (CNS) Components: brain and spinal cord Functions: receives, processes, and
transfers information
Peripheral nervous system (PNS) Components: nerves outside CNS Sensory neurons: carry information toward
the CNS Motor neurons: carry information away from
CNS
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
Types of Neurons in the Nervous System
Figure 11.2
Sensoryneuron
Dendrite
Receptor
Cell body
Axon
Axon terminalsAxon bulb
Dendrites
Dendrites
Cellbody
Cell body
Axon
Axon
Axon hillock
Interneuron
Brain and spinal cord
Motorneuron
Skin
Muscle
Impulse direction
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 11.7a
Myelinated Neuron
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
Summary of Synaptic Transmission
Figure 11.8
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
Motor Neuron Divisions of PNS—Somatic Division
Functions Voluntary
Conscious control of skeletal muscles
Involuntary
Spinal reflexes
Flexor (withdrawal)
Crossed extensor
Stretch
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
Reflex Arcs
Animation—Reflex Arcs
Figure 11.10
PLAY
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
Motor Neuron Divisions of PNS—Autonomic Division
Controls automatic body functions
Parasympathetic nervous system
Sympathetic nervous system
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
Somatic and Autonomic Divisions of the PNS
Table 11.2
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 11.12 (1 of 2)
Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 11.12 (2 of 2)
Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
The Brain
Figure 11.15
FOREBRAIN
Thalamus • Receives, processes
and transfersinformation
Corpus callosum • Bridges the
two cerebralhemispheres
Cerebrum • Coordinates language • Controls decision
making • Produces conscious
thought
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
The Brain
Figure 11.15
MIDBRAIN • Relays visual
and auditoryinputs
• Coordinatesmovement
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
The Brain
Figure 11.15
HINDBRAIN
Cerebellum • Controls basic
and skilledmovements
Medulla oblongata • Controls automatic
functions ofinternal organs
Pons • Connects cerebellum, spinal cord
with higher brain centers • Aids medulla in regulating
respiration
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
The Brain
Figure 11.17 (1 of 2)
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
The Brain
Figure 11.17 (2 of 2)
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 11.19
Limbic System: Emotions of Fear, Anger, Sorrow, Love
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
Psychoactive Drugs
Psychological dependence User craves the feeling associated with the
drug
Tolerance Requires more of the substance to achieve
the same affect
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
Psychoactive Drugs
Addiction The need to continue obtaining and using a
substance
No free choice
Withdrawal Physical symptoms that occur upon stopping
the drug
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
Disorders of the Nervous System
Infections Viruses or bacteria that manage to pass
through the blood–brain barrier Encephalitis
Inflammation of the brain caused by viral infection
Meningitis Inflammation of the meninges caused by
viral or bacterial infection Rabies
Infectious viral disease
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
Disorders of the Nervous System
Neural and synaptic transmission Epilepsy
Recurring episodes of abnormal electrical acitvity
Parkinson’s disease
Loss of dopamine-releasing neurons
Alzheimer’s disease
Shortage of acetylcholine
Brain tumors
