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Lesson 2:Markup Language and Site

Development Essentials

© 2007 Prosoft Learning Corporation All rights reserved

ITD 110 Web Page Design

Objectives• Discuss the history of markup languages• Distinguish between HTML and XHTML• Identify HTML and XHTML flavors

History of Markup Languages• Standard Generalized Markup Language

(SGML)– Originally created by IBM in 1986– A metalanguage, meaning it is used to

create other languages– The basis for HTML, XHTML and XML– You create your own document rules using

a Document Type Definition (DTD)

History of Markup Languages (cont’d)

• Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)– Though based on SGML, invented by Tim Berners-Lee– Allows hyperlinks– HTML vs. SGML

• HTML versions include:– HTML 3.2– HTML 4.01 (the most popular version of HTML)

• HTML 4.0 flavors include:– 4.01 Transitional -- allows deprecated tags, not as strict– 4.01 Strict -- requires all container tags and no allows

deprecated tags– 4.01 Frameset -- for use with frames

History of Markup Languages (cont’d)

• Extensible Markup Language (XML)– XML describes data instead of formatting– HTML or XHTML provides formatting and

document structure– A subset SGML, also a metalanguage

• XML documents have a tree structure• XML documents must be well-formed• XML and valid documents: the DTD• XML and style sheets• From HTML to XML

Universal Markup Creation• Follow W3C standards• Benefits of following standards include:

– Code will render as expected in more browsers

– Pages will be more scalable (as you add more sophisticated content, you will not run into problems)

– Pages are more likely to be available to disabled users