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Copyright 2003, ZTE CORPORATION
Class Rules
Class Hours: 8:40 AM - 11:50 AM
14:10-17:20 PM
Little Breaks:
Several short breaks throughout class
Turn down ringers on mobile phones.
No smoking in classroom
Copyright 2003, ZTE CORPORATION
BSS Course Agenda
Course 1: CDMA Foundation Theory
Course 2: BSS Hardware Intruduction and Operation
Course 3: PDSN Hardware Intrucduction and Operation
Course 4: Network Planning and Optimization Basic
Copyright 2003, ZTE CORPORATION
Course 1CDMA Foundation Theory
• CDMA Overview
• CDMA Basic Principle
• CDMA Channel Structure and Modulation
• CDMA Key Technology
Copyright 2003, ZTE CORPORATION
Objectives
Upon completion of this lesson, the student
will be able to master: -- the history of mobile communication
-- the advantage of CDMA
-- CDMA migration from 2G to 3G
-- CDMA spectrum usage
-- the role of ZTE in CDMA
Copyright 2003, ZTE CORPORATION
• Mobility:– flexible and convenient, global personal
communication
• Poor environment and conditions :– Co-channel interference, multi-path(space and
time)shadow effect and delay, power change and other noise
• Multiple MS and channels:– Interference 、 near and far effect
• Limit of frequency resources
• Reliability is important
– registration, handoff, switching
Characteristics of Mobile Communication
Copyright 2003, ZTE CORPORATION
11GG 22GG 33GG
Analog cellular
DDiiggiittaall cceelllluullaarr DDiiggiittaall cceelllluullaarr
VVooiiccee VVooiiccee //ddaattaa VViiooccee // hhiigghh ssppeeeedd ddaattaa
AAMMPPSS CCDDMMAA 11XXRRtttt CCDDMMAA22000000
TTAACCSS GGSSMM GGPPRRSS WW__CCDDMMAA
8800’’ 11999922 11999999 22000011 22000033
Evolution of Mobile Communications System
AMPS: Advanced Mobile Phone SystemTACS: Total Access Communication SystemGPRS: General Packet Radio Services
Copyright 2003, ZTE CORPORATION
CDMA-Its History & Status
• 1993, the first CDMA standard IS-95 was issued by Qualcomm(U.S.A);
• In 1995, CDMA technologie was put into commercialization in Hongkong and America on large scale;
• In 1997, CDMA trial networks were constructed in Beijing, Xi’an, Shanghai and Guangzhou in China;
• In April, 2001, China Unicom began to construct CDMA networks—the largest in the world;
• At present, CDMA commercial networks are established in about 40 countries or area, almost 20% of all users in the world.
Copyright 2003, ZTE CORPORATION
Frequency reuse facto is 1;network design and expanding become much easier
Frequency reuse facto is 1;network design and expanding become much easier
Advantages of CDMAAMPS, D-AMPS, N-AMPS
CDMA
30 30 10 kHz
200 kHz
1250 kHz
1 3 1 Users
8 Users
20 Users1
1
11
1
11
11
1
11
1
1
12
34
43
2
56
17
Typical Frequency Reuse N=7
Typical Frequency Reuse N=4
Typical Frequency Reuse N=1
Vulnerability:C/I 17 dB
Vulnerability:C/I 12-14 dB
Vulnerability:Eb/No 6--7 dB
GSM
Copyright 2003, ZTE CORPORATION
large coveragealmost 2 times than GSM, save money for operator
large coveragealmost 2 times than GSM, save money for operator
Example:cover 1000 km2: GSM need 200 BTS , CDMA only need 50 BTS
Attention: exact result need “Link Budget ”
Example:cover 1000 km2: GSM need 200 BTS , CDMA only need 50 BTS
Attention: exact result need “Link Budget ”
Advantages of CDMA
Copyright 2003, ZTE CORPORATION
High spectrum capacity , 8--10 times than AMPS,4—6 times than GSM
High spectrum capacity , 8--10 times than AMPS,4—6 times than GSM
FrequencyTime
Power
FrequencyTime
Power
FrequencyTime
Power
FDMA
TDMA
CDMA
FDMA---Different user use different frequncy
TACS 、 AMPS
TDMA---Different user use different time slot of one frequency
GSM 、 DAMPS
CDMA---Different user use same frequency at the same time,but with different spreading code
Advantages of CDMA
Copyright 2003, ZTE CORPORATION
High privacy,hard to wiretappingHigh privacy,hard to wiretapping
Spread code
Informationsignal
TX
Demodulatedsignal
RX
Spread code
Spread signalEach user is below the noise deeply
Advantages of CDMA
Copyright 2003, ZTE CORPORATION
CDMA :” make before break”---soft handoffOther systems: “make after break”---hard handoff
CDMA :” make before break”---soft handoffOther systems: “make after break”---hard handoff
Use soft handoff, decrease drop-call rateUse soft handoff, decrease drop-call rate
Advantages of CDMA
Copyright 2003, ZTE CORPORATION
Good voice quality, use 8k,13K(QCELP,EVRC)voice coding—the best coding method in the world.
Good voice quality, use 8k,13K(QCELP,EVRC)voice coding—the best coding method in the world.
Voice quality(MOS)
64kPCM
13kGSM
8kCDMA
13kCDMA
8kEVRCCDMA
Advantages of CDMA
Copyright 2003, ZTE CORPORATION
Perfect Power Control and voice activation make the MSPower low, healthy for humanbody—green mobile phone.
Perfect Power Control and voice activation make the MSPower low, healthy for humanbody—green mobile phone.
Advantages of CDMA
Mean Power Max Power
GSM: 125mW 2W
CDMA: 2mW 200mW
Mean Power Max Power
GSM: 125mW 2W
CDMA: 2mW 200mW
Copyright 2003, ZTE CORPORATION
95A 95B Software update Replace MS to
get new service
95B 1X Add 1X channel board Software updat
e Replace MS to g
e new service
1X 1XEV Add 1XEV cha
nnel board Software upd
ate Replace MS to get new service
inexpesive
TechnicalScheme :
Smooth migration to 3G and the operator’s benefit is protected at the most
Smooth migration to 3G and the operator’s benefit is protected at the most
Almost free inexpensiveEconomicScheme :
Advantages of CDMA
Copyright 2003, ZTE CORPORATION
CDMA 800 MHz Cellular Spectrum Usage
• All CDMA RF carriers are 1.25 MHz. wide– Can serve ~20 users /8 kb vocoder
Possible CDMA Center Freq. Assignments
Channel Numbers
Forward link (i.e., cell site transmits)Reverse link (i.e., mobile transmits)824MHz
849MHz
869MHz
894MHz
otherusesA” A”A B A’ B’
1 10 10 1.5 2.5
A B A’ B’
1 10 10 1.5 2.5
991
10231 333
334
666667
716717
799
991
10231 333
334
666667
716717
799
~300 kHz. “guard bands” possibly required if adjacent-frequency signals are non-CDMA (AMPS, TDMA, ESMR, etc.)
Copyright 2003, ZTE CORPORATION
CDMA PCS 1900 MHz Spectrum Usage
Guard Bands
Forward link (i.e., cell site transmits)Reverse link (i.e., mobile transmits)1850 MHz
BT
A
BT
A
BT
A
BT
A
BT
A
BT
A
Paired Bands
MTA BTAMTABTA MTAMTA
1910 MHz
1930MHz
1990MHz
Data Voice
A D B E F C A D B E F C
15 51010 1515151515 555 55
Licensed Licensed
Unlicensed
0
Channel Numbers 299
300
400
699
700
800
900
1199 0
299300
400
699700
800
900
1199
Copyright 2003, ZTE CORPORATION
CDMA Frequency ChannelAssignment at 800 MHz Cellular
IS-95 Recommends to Start CDMA Deployment with Either the Primary or the Secondary Channel
1
334
667
991
1023
333
666
715
799
716
ChannelNumbers
A Band B Band A’A” B’
1019 37 78 119 160 201 242 283 384 425 466 507 548 589 630 691 777
CDMA A-Band Carriers CDMA B-Band Carriers
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 9 8
* **** Requires frequency coordination with
non-cellular interferers
** Requires frequency coordination with A-band carrier
A Band Primary Channel 283A Band Secondary Channel 691
B Band Primary Channel 384B Band Secondary Channel 777
736
Copyright 2003, ZTE CORPORATION
ZTE’s Activities in CDMA In 1995, CDMA mobile telecommunication project was started In November, 1999, ZTE signed the “Agreement on CDMA R&D” with
Qualcomm In August, 2000, the first field trial was set up. In September, 2000 , ZTE presented the first CDMA handset with UIM in
the world. In January, 2001, the first cdma2000-1x call was passed through in lab In March, 2001, ZTE cdma2000-1x realized the integrated transmission of
voice, data & image.The data rate reach up to 153.6Kbps.
The certificates acquired:–CDMA 800M ZXC10-MSC/VLR, HLR/AUC,BSC, BTS network access licenses–CDMA 800M/1.9G ZXC10-BTS type approval certificates
Copyright 2003, ZTE CORPORATION
ZTEA Famous CDMA Brand
2G/3G 终端
Abis
Abis
Abis
PSTN/PLMN
BSC/ PCF (1X)
Internet
路由器 路由器IP
IP
BTS( IS-95)
BSC( IS-95)
Abis
E1Um
IS95
Um
IS2000E1 STM-1
E1 STM-1
Ethernet
MSC/VLR HLR/AUC
PDSN/FA
AAA
HA
OMC
SC
WINBTS( IS-
95)
BSC/ PCF (1X)
BTS( 1X)
BTS( 1X)
E1
业务服务器
Ethernet