Copying Data From Microsoft Excel to ABAP Using OLE

7/22/2019 Copying Data From Microsoft Excel to ABAP Using OLE

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/copying-data-from-microsoft-excel-to-abap-using-ole 1/10

Copying data from Microsoft Excel to

ABAP using OLE

Purpose -

To copy data from Microsoft Excel to ABAP internal table using OLE Automation techniques.

Requirement -

In our day to day life we come across many situations where we would prefer to store the

data in an excel file and the same data may be required to be uploaded to an ABAP programfor further processing.

So there comes a need to upload data from excel file to internal table with a faster and

efficient way.

Possible Solutions -

To achieve our requirement, there are some options to upload data in Excel file to internal

table such as -

Function Modules -

1. TEXT_CONVERT_XLS_TO_SAP – This is a very simple function module but the constraint isthat user should know exactly how many columns are going to be copied from the excel file.

2. KCD_EXCEL_OLE_TO_INT_CONVERT – In this function module also the beginning and

ending row and column numbers are required to copy the data.

3. ALSM_EXCEL_TO_INTERNAL_TABLE – In this function module also the beginning and ending

row number and column numbers are required to copy the data.

As analyzed and stated above, all these methods have a constraint that the user shouldknow exact number of rows and columns that should be uploaded from excel file to internaltable. But in reality, user may enter as much data in the excel file as he wants and it not

necessarily be the same always. So, to cater such a situation, we can go for OLE automation

techniques and copy the entire data present in the workbook into an internal table withease.

Technical Specification -

For better understanding, users are advised to be aware of OLE automation technique inABAP and VBA Macros in Microsoft Excel.

Here we will create an executable program, with input as an excel file location and it will

copy the contents of excel file to clipboard. And the copied contents will be imported into aninternal table. Each column of the excel sheet will become a column of internal table.

Excel Macro is recorded in Microsoft Excel 2007

ABAP programming is done in SAP ECC 6.0 EHP 4.0 Support pack 5

Logic and Pseudo Algorithm -



By the use of OLE automation in ABAP, we can call the functions available in MS Excel to

simplify our processing. To find these methods, properties and constants which are to be

used from our ABAP program to make the processing easy, it is better to record a macro inexcel and understand all methods and properties that are used and how they are used, and

then use them in a ABAP program.

Pseudo Algorithm -

1. Open the excel file present at the entered location.

2. Mark first cell and get the first cell's reference into a variable say cell 1

3. Mark last cell and get the last cell's reference into a variable say cell 2 by executing CTRL +

END in MS excel 4. Crate range starting at cell 1 and ending at cell 2

5. select the range

6. Copy the range

7. Import the copied content from clipboard to Internal table.

Process Steps -

Here are the steps to be followed to record an Excel macro to understand the functions andproperties that are to be used in our ABAP program.

For step 2 of pseudo algorithm described, we will always consider the first cell, that is thecell at row 1 and column 1 as the starting cell ( Cell 1 ).

For step 3 of pseudo algorithm described, we will use excel methods and properties to find

out the last cell that is filled on the active work sheet. The following are the steps to befollowed to record an excel macros to find out the last cell that is filled with data on the

active sheet :

1. Create a test excel file and input some data.

2. Record Macros by following the path : View -> Macros - > Record Macro



3. Give a Name to the Macro ( Macro1 ) and then click OK.

4. Hit the combination CTRL + END on key board.

5. Stop the Macro recording by following the path : View - > Macros - > Stop Recording

6. Display the recorded Macro using the following path : View - > Macros - > View Macros -> Select your Macros Name - > Edit

7. The following is the Macros that we shall see :

Sub Macro1()

'

' Macro1 Macro

'

'

ActiveCell.SpecialCells(xlLastCell).Select

End Sub

8. Now in order to replicate the VBA Macro in abap, we have to know the methods,properties and constants of the above recorded macro. For that we make use of the ObjectBrowser that is available at the location - View - > Object Browser

http://scn.sap.com/servlet/JiveServlet/showImage/102-28271-3-101679/11.jpg



9. Now we will give each and every command of the Macro and examine whether it is a

Method, Property or a constant.

10. First we will check for XlLastCell

11. Give the term in space provided for search term and then execute search








*&----------------------------------------------------------------------*

*& TYPES DECLARATION *&----------------------------------------------------------------------*

TYPES :

BEGIN OF ty_excelfile , line(50000) TYPE c , END OF ty_excelfile .

*&----------------------------------------------------------------------*

*& DATA DECLARATION *&----------------------------------------------------------------------*

DATA :

* Objects to save excel gv_activesheet TYPE ole2_object, gv_application TYPE ole2_object, gv_workbook TYPE ole2_object, gv_start_cell TYPE ole2_object, gv_end_cell TYPE ole2_object, gv_end TYPE ole2_object, gv_range TYPE ole2_object,

gt_excel_string TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF ty_excelfile.

*&----------------------------------------------------------------------*

*& PARAMETERS *&----------------------------------------------------------------------*

PARAMETERS : p_file TYPE string .

*&----------------------------------------------------------------------*

*& AT SELECTION SCREEN *&----------------------------------------------------------------------*

AT SELECTION-SCREEN ON VALUE-REQUEST FOR p_file.

* Presentation Sever F4 Input file path PERFORM open_local_file CHANGING p_file.

*&----------------------------------------------------------------------*

*& START OF SELECTION *&----------------------------------------------------------------------*

START-OF-SELECTION.

* Creating Object reference for Excel application

CREATE OBJECT gv_application 'EXCEL.APPLICATION'.

* Getting the property of workbooks GET PROPERTY OF gv_application 'WORKBOOKS' = gv_workbook.

* Opening the workbook CALL METHOD OF gv_workbook 'Open'

EXPORTING



#1 = p_file. " File location entered

IF sy-subrc NE 0.

MESSAGE 'Entered File location cannot be opened' TYPE 'E'.

ENDIF.

* Refering the active worksheet of the application GET PROPERTY OF gv_application 'ActiveSheet' = gv_activesheet.

* First cell is made as the starting cell CALL METHOD OF gv_application 'Cells' = gv_start_cell

EXPORTING #1 = 1 #2 = 1.

GET PROPERTY OF gv_application 'ActiveCell' = gv_end_cell.

* Getting the last cell that is filled with data ( CTRL + END ) CALL METHOD OF gv_end_cell 'SpecialCells' = gv_end

EXPORTING #1 = '11'. " Value for constant 'xlLastCell'

* Value for constant xlLastCell is founc out using MS Excel object *... navigator in VBA editor -> Step 12 of process mentioned above

* Creating range with starting cell and ending cell CALL METHOD OF gv_application 'Range' = gv_range

EXPORTING #1 = gv_start_cell #2 = gv_end.

* Selecting the Range CALL METHOD OF gv_range 'Select'.

* Copying the range CALL METHOD OF gv_range 'Copy'.

* Read clipboard into ABAP CALL METHOD cl_gui_frontend_services=>clipboard_import

IMPORTING data = gt_excel_string

EXCEPTIONS cntl_error = 1 error_no_gui = 2 not_supported_by_gui = 3 OTHERS = 4.

IF sy-subrc NE 0.

MESSAGE 'Error while uploading data' TYPE 'E'.

ENDIF.

* Freeing the used variables FREE OBJECT gv_activesheet . FREE OBJECT gv_workbook . FREE OBJECT gv_application .



*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*

*& Form open_local_file *&---------------------------------------------------------------------*

*&Purpose:The Subroutine gives the f4 help from presenatation server

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*

*& Inputs: LV_FILE - INPUT OR OUTPUT FILE

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*

FORM open_local_file CHANGING pv_file TYPE any.

* Local Declarations DATA: lv_pfile TYPE localfile.

*F4 help for Presentation server CALL FUNCTION 'F4_FILENAME'

EXPORTING program_name = syst-cprog dynpro_number = syst-dynnr

IMPORTING file_name = lv_pfile.

pv_file = lv_pfile.

ENDFORM. "open_local_file

Execution -

After the execution of the program, output can be checked in two ways :

1. Open a new notepad file and do paste ( CTRL + V )there.

Here since we are selecting all the data in excel file and then copying it. When we paste innotepad, we should be able to see the contents of excel file.

2. In debugging mode – Set one break point after the call to method CLIPBOARD_IMPORT of

class CL_GUI_FRONTEND_SERVICES. We can double click on table gt_excel_string and see the contents, which should be same as

entered in excel file.

For our example, following is the output in debugging mode -



Hope this document helps in using the concepts of OLE automation in ABAP.





Documents

Copying Data From Microsoft Excel to ABAP Using OLE