COPYING AND GRAPHIC PAPER - European Commissionec.europa.eu/.../pdf/copying_paper/paper_slides.pdf · COPYING and GRAPHIC PAPER ... JANUARY 2008. JANUARY 2009. Work Package 1 Work

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STUDY FOR THE STUDY FOR THE COPYING AND GRAPHIC PAPER COPYING AND GRAPHIC PAPER

CRITERIA REVISIONCRITERIA REVISION

(Commission Decision 2002/741/ECCommission Decision 2002/741/EC of 4 September 2002)of 4 September 2002)

11stst Ad Ad Hoc Working Group MeetingHoc Working Group MeetingRome, 9 September 2008Rome, 9 September 2008

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AGENDA

Presentation of the project1

Market analysis2

Regulatory improvements3

Technical analysis4

Next steps5

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PROJECT FRAMEWORK

Commission positive

judgement

Work Package 1 Work Package 1 Development of a Preliminary Report for the evaluation of the necessity of revision for

the existing criteria for Copying and Graphic Paper product group

Work Package 2Work Package 2Revision of the existing criteria

for the allocation of the EU Eco-label to copying and graphic paper products.

Criteria validity extension

YES

NO

1stye

ar (2

008)

2ndye

ar (2

009)

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2 63 121 4 5 8 97 10 11 14 181513 16 17 20 2119 22 23 24

Draft Report release

Recommendations on the revision of existing criteria for copying & graphic paper

Recommendations on the revision of existing criteria for copying & graphic paper

Revision criteria for copying & graphic paperRevision criteria for copying & graphic paper

TASK 1: Preliminary Draft report

TASK 2: Preparing 1st

AHWG

TASK 1Background documents

Preparing 2nd AHWG meetingDraft criteria proposals and Minutes

Preparing 3rd AHWG meeting

TASK 2Final report

Preparing the user manual

1st back doc1st draft criteria

2nd back doc2nd draft criteria

3rd back docFinal draft criteria

2nd AHWG 3nd AHWG

JANUARY 2008 JANUARY 2009

Work Package 1Work Package 1 Work Package 2Work Package 2

TASK 3: Report and Minutes

Minutes

1st AHWG in Rome

GANTT DIAGRAM for Copying and Graphic Paper Revision

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In this working session the results of the first draft of the Preliminary Report (distributed in July 8, 2008)

are presented

(any reference to the Preliminary Report text is done by ‘PR’ indication)

Any contributions received after 1st July 2008will be considered for the future steps of the project.

PRESENTATION CONTENTS

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WORK PACKAGE 1 ACTIVITIES

Drawing up of a Preliminary Report

constituting the informative platform for the whole project.

• Preliminary report distribution;

• Ad Hoc Working Group (AHWG) identification;

• Preparation of the 1st

AHWG meeting.

• Current criteria revision and improvement options (LCA study, if necessary);

• Revision and updating of the preliminary report

with comments arisingfrom 1st

AHWG;

• Preparation of the 1st

EUEB meeting.

January-June July-September September-January

Task 1 Task 3Task 2

Work Package 1 is divided into 3 tasks

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PRELIMINARY REPORT

To present some basic market data to make a picture of the sector;

Scope of the Preliminary Report Scope of the Preliminary Report

To define changes and upgrades in the available technologies and in the production methods;

To analyse the existing legislation as well as BAT documents influencing the Copying and Graphic paper sector;

To evaluate the necessity of revision of the current EU Eco- label criteria for the Copying and Graphic paper product group.

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PRELIMINARY REPORT

Structure of the Preliminary Report (update 01/07/2008)

1. Information about EU Paper and Pulp Market(the data collected considers the EU-25 Member States internal market and the EU market relevance compared with global trends or with other non-EU countries);

2. EU regulatory improvements for the paper sector(investigating regulatory improvements for the paper sector);

3. A Technical analysis of existing criteria(focused on the analysis of main technical reference for environmental aspects related to EU paper and pulp production and contains some proposals for the criteria revision suggested by some associations and other stakeholders);

Note: this unit represents the main core of the report and will be in progress until the end of the WP1

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AGENDA


Market analysis2


Technical analysis4

Next steps5

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MARKET ANALYSIS

HOT SPOTSHOT SPOTSThe market analysis concerning paper industry and pulp industry:• considers the EU-25 Member States data (year 2006, despite other indication in the text);

• gives information both for the paper and pulp industries;• analyses the EU market relevance compared with global trends;• analyses the EU internal market situation;• focuses on the “copying and graphic paper” sector.

Main references have been:• CEPI, 2006 “Statistics 2006- European pulp and paper industry”;

• UN/ECE,2006 -Timber Forest Product Statistics at:http://www.unece.org/trade/timber/mis/fp-stats.htm

• UN/ECE, 2006 - FOREST PRODUCTS ANNUAL MARKET REVIEW 2005-2006; Geneva Timber and Forest Study Paper 21 - UNITED NATIONS New York and Geneva.

http://www.unece.org/trade/timber/mis/fp-stats.htm

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EU PAPER INDUSTRY OVERVIEW

1000 t 2004 2005 2006Var. %

2005-2006

Production 98.637 98.946 102.231 +3,3

Consumption 85.584 86.902 89.131 +2,6

Imports 4.399 4.907 4.412 -10,1

Exports 17.079 16.540 17.666 +6,8

European total paper production, consumption and external trade

(CEPI, 2006) (Table 2.1 in the P.R.)

•The values show an increasing trend;

•Just imports decreased of about 10% (2005-2006).

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The main World paper producer is Asia

The main EU 25 paper producer is Germany

According to the CEPI 2007 report, the

percentage of Germany and UK varies

respectively to 21% and 6% respect of 2006 data.

According to the CEPI 2007 report, the

percentage of Germany and UK varies

respectively to 21% and 6% respect of 2006 data.

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PAPER GRADES SHARE IN THE EUROPEAN PAPER PRODUCTION


“Total packaging” and “other graphic paper” (excluding Newsprint) get the main share.

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For the graphic paper, the recovered paper use is low (only 10%)

RAW MATERIALS USED IN PAPERMAKING

In Europe the use of wood pulp and recovered paper is approximately the same

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EU PULP INDUSTRY OVERVIEW

1000 t 2004 2005 2006Var. %

2005/2006

Production 42.602 41.551 43.495 +4,7

Consumption 49.088 48.869 49.884 +2,1

Imports 7.820 7.937 7.557 -4,8

Exports 1826 1904 2.209 +16,0

European pulp production, consumption and external trade (Source: CEPI, 2006) (Table 2.2 in P.R.)

EUROPEAN PULP PRODUCTION, CONSUMPTION AND EXTERNAL TRADE

•All the economic markers show an increase, only the imports value decreased;

•The main World pulp producer is North America (44% in 2005) (Figure 2.14 in P.R.)

•Finland (30%) and Sweden (28%) are the main EU 25 pulp producers (Figure 2.16 in P.R.)

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EUROPEAN PULP GRADES PRODUCTION

Chemical pulp is used to provide a certain strength when producing fine papers (for example copy papers, writing papers etc.)

The European pulp production in 2006 has been based for the 68% on chemical pulp. (CEPI, 2006)

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CHEMICAL PULP FEATURES

High and constant consumption of chemical pulp (35 million tonnes) and high imports.

•Sulphate pulp production is “bleached” for the 79% (Figure 2.20 in P.R.);

•Sulphite pulp production is “bleached” for the 99% (Figure 2.21 in P.R.);

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CEPI includes in the Graphic and Copying paper group the following subdivisions: - Newsprint (specific Ecolabel criteria are under development);

- Uncoated mechanical;- Uncoated wood free;- Coated papers.

EU COPYING AND GRAPHIC PAPER OVERVIEW

COPYING AND GRAPHIC PAPER

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COATED PAPER PRODUCTION, CONSUMPTION, EXTERNAL TRADE

Almost the whole production has been exported: 18 million tonnes of 20 million tonnes produced in 2006.

EU COPYING AND GRAPHIC PAPER OVERVIEW

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SUMMARY OF MARKET ANALYSIS

SUMMARY OF THE MARKET ANALYSIS Brief summary of European Paper Industry market in 2006 (Table 2.3 in P.R.)

2006 European Paper Industry Turnover: 78.5 billion €

PAPER (data expressed in 1000 t)Total production 102.231

Copying and Graphic paper 42.000

Uncoated mechanical 20%

Uncoated wood free 27%

Coated papers 53%

Main producer GERMANY

PULP (data expressed in 1000 t)Total production 43.495

Chemical pulp 68%

Semi-chemical pulp 3%

Mechanical pulp 29%

Recovered paper 48.000(for paper production)

Main producer FINLAND

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ECOLABELLED COPYING AND GRAPHIC PAPER

•A total of 250 products 9 has been awarded with the Ecolabel flower by 9 European producers;

•Finland (145) and Sweden (40) and had the largest number of ecolabelled products.

• Indonesian company awarded its products (2) by means of the French CB.

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BENCHMARKING WITH OTHER EUROPEAN LABEL

CRITERIA FOR COPYING AND

GRAPHIC PAPER

EUROPEAN NATIONAL LABELS

Eco-label1

Nordic Swan

Blauer Engel

DGQA

1. Emission to water and air

a) COD : Pcod < 1.5 S : Ps < 1.5

NOx: Pnox <1.5 Ptot< 3

b) AOX< 0.25 kg/t c) CO2 < 1100-1000

kg/t(CO2 from fuel and electricity)

a) COD: Pcod < 1.5 S : Ps < 1.5

NOx: Pnox < 1.5 P : Pp < 1.5

Ptot< 4 b) AOX< 0.4 kg/t

c) CO2 < 300-1000 kg/t(CO2 just from fuel)

n.a.

a) COD: No more than

95% of legislation limits

for water residuals.

b) AOX: bleaching with chlorant compounds are

banned.

2. Energy use a) electricity: Pe < 1.5

b) fuel : Pf < 1.5

a) electricity: Pe <1.75 c) Ptot= (Pel+Pfuel)/2<1.5

n.a. n.a.

3. Fibres 10% from certified forests 20% from certified forests

or 75% recycled (not mandatory)

100% recycled fibres 90% recycled fibres (not

mandatory)

4. Hazardous chemical substances

a) chlorine: no bleaching gas;

b) APEOs: banned c) Residual monomers <

100ppm d) Surfactans in de-inking

formulation:biodegrad. e) Biocides : no bio-

accumulative f) Azo-dyes: no aromatic amines in 2002/61/CE

g) Dyes: no environmental risk phrases

h) Pigments : no Pb,Cu, Ni, Cr,Al

i) Ionic impurities: limits

a) chlorine: no bleaching gas

b) APEOs: banned c) Residual monomers <

100ppm d) Surfactans in de-inking

formulation:biodegrad e) Biocides: no bio-

accumulative f) Azo-dyes: no aromatic amines in 2002/61/CE

g) Dyes: no environmental risk phrases

EDTA : to supervise

a) Chlorine: banned b) APEOs: banned

e) Biocides: banned for Annex II EC 2032/2003

f) Azo-dyes: banned aromatic amines in

2002/61/CE g)Dyes: no risk phrases for

human safety h) Pigments: no Pb,Cu, Ni,

Cr,Al Others:

Formaldehyde < 0.5 mg/dm2

PCP < 0.15 mg/kg Glyoxal: NO

Bleaching optics: NO EDTA: NO

COV): to supervise

a) Bleaching optics: banned

b) EDTA: banned c) APEOs: banned

d) Heavy metals: banned Cd, Cr, Hg, Pb, Ni, Zn.

5.Waste management Yes Yes n.a. n.a.

6.Fitness for use Yes n.a. n.a. n.a.

7.User information Yes n.a. n.a. n.a.

The benchmarking highlights the existence of the following different labels for paper products:

- Blauer Engel (Germany): 170 products

- Nordic Swan (Nordic Countries): 124 products

- DGQA (Spain): 33 products

Criteria comparison among different ecological labels(Source: elaborated by APAT and LCE) (Table 2.4 in P.R.)

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AGENDA


Market analysis2


Technical analysis4

Next steps5

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REGULATORY IMPROVEMENTS

REACh fulfilments for the paper industry (Table 3.1 in P.R.)

The current legislation references to the Council Directive 67/548/EEC and to the Directive

1999/45/EC are still in force

CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES NORMATIVE UPDATEREACh Regulation provides new requirements for the chemical substances production or

use.

The paper sector is involved mainly for what concerns the use of chemicals in some production phases and the application of ink during the finishing or post-production stages.

In the EU Ecolabel criteria for “copying and graphic paper” the use of ink is not contemplated (new criteria for printed paper are under development).

Production / Material Reach fulfilments

Primary materials (fibres) excluded

Mechanical pulp excluded

Chemical pulp see “chemical substances”

Secondary materials (recycled fibre pulp) excluded

Chemical substances (Production) use allowed only if registered

Substances (final product) need of registration if potentially dangerous for health and environment

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TEST METHODS REFERENCES UPDATE

Updated Test Method proposal (CEN/ISO) Criterion Parameter

Current Test Method

Dec. 2002/741/EC Code Norm year

COD ISO 6060 ISO 6060 Water quality: Determination of the chemical oxygen demand 1989

NOX ISO 11564 ISO 11564

Stationary source emissions:Determination of the mass concentration of nitrogen oxides; Naphthylethylenediamine photometric method.

1998

S

EPA n.8

EPA n.16A

ISO 8754

ISO 351

EPA n.8

EPA n.16A

ISO 8754

ISO 351

Determination of sulphuric acid and sulphur dioxide emissions from stationary sources.

Determination of the reduced sulphur emissions from stationary sources (Impinger Technique).

Petroleum products:Determination of sulphur content; Energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry.

Solid mineral fuels; Determination of total sulphur -High temperature combustion method.

2003

1996

1 Emissions to air and water

AOX ISO 9562 ISO 9562 Water quality: Determination of absorbable organically bound halogens (AOX).

1998

Surfactants OCSE 301 A-F

OCSE 302 A-C

OCSE 301 A-F OCSE 302 A-C

Ready biodegradability of organic chemicals;

Inherent biodegradability of organic chemicals

4

Hazardous chemical

substances Biocides OCSE 107,117

or 305 A-E OCSE 107,117

or 305 A-E

The updated set of test methods for criteria proposal (Table 3.2 in P.R.)

No need of changes for the current normative

references


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The main EU regulation (legislation/normative) for the paper

industry has not significantly changed

The point 6.1 of the Annex I of the Directive includes industrial plants for the production of:(a) pulp from timber or other fibrous materials;(b) paper and board with a production capacity exceeding 20 tonnes per day.


Upgrade and improvements should focus mainly on the IPPC directive

(Directive 96/61/CE)

Reference Document onBest Available Techniques in the Pulp and

Paper Industry(December 2001)

Technical improvements

An updated version of the BREF for the Pulp and Paper Industry will be soon available:

If the new BAT document will be published before the end of the current criteria review, a new update values used will be necessary.

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AGENDA


Market analysis2


Technical analysis4

Next steps5

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TECHNICAL ANALYSIS

Documents analysis

(BREF, BAT, etc…)

Documents analysis

(BREF, BAT, etc…)

Information from manufacturers

(applicability of the criteria, etc…)

Information from manufacturers

(applicability of the criteria, etc…)

Comments received

(answer to questionnaire)

Comments received

(answer to questionnaire)

Need of changes for the criteria

revision

Need of changes for the criteria

revision

New attention toward some environmental aspects

(Carbon Footprint, etc…)

New attention toward some environmental aspects

(Carbon Footprint, etc…)

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BEST AVAILABLE TECNIQUES (BAT) ANALYSIS

EMISSIONS TO AIR AND WATER

Air and water emissions levels related to pulp and paper productionproduction (Source: BREF, 2001; Dec 2002/741/CE) (Table 4.2 in P.R.)

PhosphorusPhosphoruscould be added as a

new parameter (ref.: Tissue Paper

criteria revision)

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Energy consumption levels for pulp production (Source: BREF, 2001; Dec 2002/741/CE)(Table 4.4 in P.R.)

AOX emission levels related to pulp production (Source: BREF, 2001; Dec 2002/741/CE) (Table 4.3 in P.R.)

Lower than the BAT minimum value

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Energy consumption levels for paper production (Source: BREF, 2001; Dec 2002/741/CE) (Table 4.5 in P.R.)

Lower than the BAT minimum

value

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COMMENTS AND PROPOSALS

Comments and proposals on existing criteria overview coming from the stakeholders

The following modification proposals for the copying and graphic

paper product

group are the feedbacks coming from the preliminary questionnaires collected

between February 20th

and March 21st

2008.

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Definition of the product group (Commission decision, Article 2)

The inclusion of the monoglazed paper grade and photographic paper in the product

group definition has been required.

1.

The product group ‘copying and graphic paper’

shall comprise sheets or

reels of unprinted paper which are used for printing or copying or writing or

drawing.

2.

Newsprint, thermally sensitive paper and carbonless paper are not included

in the product group.

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Criterion 1. –

Emission to air and water

Review table for criterion 1 (Table 4.6 in P.R)

Criterion Theme Existing requirementsNew requirements

proposalMotivation

Emission to air and water

COD, S, NOx

PCOD <1,5

PS <1,5

PNOX <1,5

PTOT <3

To simplify the calculation method

To facilitate the applicant

To put at 0 the Ps parameter value if the plant uses natural

gas as fuel.

To avoid the providing of a useless data.

To include the parameter phosphorus (P)

To supervise water pollution

AOX 0,25 kg/ADT for each pulpMore general test methods;

0,12 kg/ADT?


CO2

1000 kg/t for integrated paper mills and 1100 kg/t for not integrated paper

mills

To reduce the gap of values between this group and

printed paper

Compliance with the limits for printed paper

To lower the hurdlesCurrent limits are easy

to reach

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Criterion 2. –

Energy use

Review table for criterion 2 (Table 4.7 in P.R. )

Criterion ThemeExisting

requirements

New requirements

proposalMotivation

Energy use

Electricity Pe < 1,5

To simplify the calculation

method


To lower the hurdles

Current limits are too easy to reach

Fuel (heat) Pf <1,5

To simplify the calculation

method


To lower the hurdles

Current limits are too easy to reach

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Review table for criterion 3 (Table 4.8 in P.R. )

Criterion 3. –

Fibres: Certified Forest Management


requirementsNew requirements

proposalMotivation

Certified Management

Wood fibres from certified forests

10% of virgin wood from

certified forest

To rise the hurdle to: 30-50%

To widen the percentage of raw materials certified

Fibres from uncertified forest

A declaration is requested

More clarifications about the declaration to be provided and to introduce a certified system to manage

the requirements for uncertified wood

To standardize the requirements

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FORESTRY CERTIFICATION

(million

hectares)

North

Americ

a

South &

Central

America

Europe Asia Oceania Africa Russia Total

FSC 27,3 9,6 29,6 1,6 1,3 2,5 12,3 84,2

PEFC 128, 3 2,3 57,4 5,7 - - 193,7

Other* 11,0 - 4,8 - 1,2 - 17,0

Total 166,6 11,9 87,0 6,4 7,0 3,7 12,3 294,9

Global Certified forest area = 7%

(2006)

(UN/ECE Forest Products Annual Market Review, 2005-2006)

EU 27 Certified forest areas = 46,6%

(February 2007).

EU 27 + EFTA Certified forest = 50%

(February 2007).

(Sources: Global Forest Resources Assessement

2005 -

F.A.O & FSC database and PEFC databases -

February 2007)

* Other in North America refers to American Tree Farm System, in Asia

refers to the Malaysian Timber Certification Council, in Africa refers to areas in Gabon recognised under

the Dutch Keurhout

system.

Certified forest area by scheme and region (Source: forestry certification, 2006) (Table 4.6 in the P.R.)

Germany, France and United Kingdom reached more than 1000 certificates each one (Source: forestry certification,

2006)

http://www.forestrycertification.info/

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FORESTRY CERTIFICATION

FSC

Forest Stewardship Council

FSC is a worldwide independent, non-governmental, not for profit organization established to promote the responsible management of the world’s forests.

PEFC

Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification schemes

The PEFC is a worldwide committed to promoting sustainable forest management through independent third party forest certification, based on environmentally, socially beneficial and economically viable management of forests for present and future generations.

SFI

Sustainable Forestry Initiative

SFI program promotes the sustainable forestry on all the lands they manage. The program participants also influence millions of additional acres through the training of loggers and foresters in best management practices and landowner outreach programs.

CSA

Canada's National Standard for Sustainable Forest Management

The CAN/CSA-Z809 SFM Standard, developed according to an internationally recognized and accredited standards development process, is based on the international Helsinki and Montréal processes. It incorporates Canada's own national SFM criteria, which were developed by the Canadian Council of Forest Ministers.

A list of the most important certification schemes used worldwide

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Criterion 4. –

Hazardous chemical substances

A better specification of “process chemicals” is required, in order to make clear which

chemicals substances have to be included in the list;

A revision of the assessment and verification is required. In particular, it is suggested to

delete or substitute the request of declarations of compliance with the requirements.

The applicant shall supply a list of the chemical products used in the pulp and paper

production, together with appropriate documentation (such as MSDSs). This list shall include

the quantity, function and suppliers of all process chemicals used.

(for the list of the substances with the relative requirements, please, make reference to the

Decision 2002/741/EC)

Assessment and verification: the applicant shall provide a declaration of compliance.

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Criterion 5. -

Waste management

Review table for criterion 5 (Table 4.9 in P.R.)


requirementsNew requirements

proposalMotivation

Waste management

Waste management

To provide a declaration with the description

of the waste management

To provide any declaration


In place of current declaration, to provide

ISO 14001 /EMAS certification as proof of

compliance with the criterion


and the assessors

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Criterion 6. –

Fitness for use

The product shall be fit for use.

Assessment and verification: The applicant shall provide appropriate documentation and/or test results.

It was suggested to modify this criterion because it has no specific relevance for the paper products.

Criterion 7. –

Information on the packaging (Table 4.10 in P.R)

Criterion 8. –

Information appearing on the eco-label

An opinion is that too many written information could confuse the consumer. A simplification is required.

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NEW CRITERIA PROPOSAL

to add the phosphorus

(P)

parameter in the “emissions to water” requirements;

possible use of the GMO trees as raw material;

management of the nano-particles use in the paper production;

inclusion of a mandatory criterion for a minimum percentage of recycled fiber in the papermaking.

to add a criterion for the limitation of the GHG emission from the whole life cycle (Carbon Footprint).

Nordic Swan = 75%

Blauer

Engel = 80%

DGQA = 90%

Tissue paper (Final Draft) = 70%

Nordic Swan = 75%

Blauer

Engel = 80%

DGQA = 90%

Tissue paper (Final Draft) = 70%

to impose a maximum limit to the basis weight of the paper (GPP Copying and Graphic Paper-Background Product Report proposes “up to 170g/m2”);

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AGENDA


Market analysis2


Technical analysis4

Next steps5

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NEXT STEPS

1st

EUEB meeting WP 2 2nd

EUEB meetingSeptember-

January

WP1 Task 3

January –

December 2009

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ISPRA (ex APAT)

ISPRA –

Istituto

Superiore

per

la

Protezione

e la

Ricerca

Ambientale

48, Via Vitaliano

Brancati

00144 Rome

-

Italy

PH. +39 06 5007 2857

FAX +39 06 5007 2078

EMAIL: GIANLUCA.CESAREI@APAT .IT

WEBSITE: WWW.APAT.GOV.IT/CERTIFICAZIONI/SITE/IT-

IT/ECOLABEL/

LCE

Marco Montani or Gian Luca Baldo

60, Via Livorno-

edificio A2

10144 Torino-

Italy

Ph. +39 0112257311

Fax +39 0112257319

Email: MONTANI@STUDIOLCE .IT

Website

: WWW.STUDIOLCE.IT

For specific technical questions please write

to:

[email protected]

CONTACTS

For any further information, do not hesitate to contact us at the following references

http://www.apat.gov.it/certificazioni/site/it-IT/Ecolabel/

http://www.apat.gov.it/certificazioni/site/it-IT/Ecolabel/

http://www.studiolce.it/

mailto:[email protected]