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8/6/2019 Copy of Sixteenth Adult List En
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WHOModelList
of
EssentialMedicines
16thlist,March2009
Statusofthisdocument
ThisisareprintofthetextontheWHOMedicineswebsite
http://www.who.int/medicines/publications/essentialmedicines/en/index.html
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Thepublishedmaterialisbeingdistributedwithoutwarrantyofanykind,eitherexpressedorimplied. The
responsibilityfortheinterpretationanduseofthemateriallieswiththereader. InnoeventshalltheWorldHealth
Organizationbeliablefordamagesarisingfromitsuse.
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16thedition
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList(revisedMarch2009)
ExplanatoryNotes
Thecorelistpresentsalistofminimummedicineneedsforabasichealthcaresystem,listingthemost
efficacious,safeandcosteffectivemedicinesforpriorityconditions.Priorityconditionsareselectedonthe
basisofcurrentandestimatedfuturepublichealthrelevance,andpotentialforsafeandcosteffective
treatment.
Thecomplementarylistpresentsessentialmedicinesforprioritydiseases,forwhichspecializeddiagnostic
ormonitoringfacilities,and/orspecialistmedicalcare,and/orspecialisttrainingareneeded.Incaseofdoubt
medicinesmayalsobelistedascomplementaryonthebasisofconsistenthighercostsorlessattractivecost
effectivenessinavarietyofsettings.
Thesquareboxsymbol()isprimarilyintendedtoindicatesimilarclinicalperformancewithinapharmacologicalclass.Thelistedmedicineshouldbetheexampleoftheclassforwhichthereisthebest
evidenceforeffectivenessandsafety.Insomecases,thismaybethefirstmedicinethatislicensedfor
marketing;inotherinstances,subsequentlylicensedcompoundsmaybesaferormoreeffective.Wherethere
isnodifferenceintermsofefficacyandsafetydata,thelistedmedicineshouldbetheonethatisgenerally
availableatthelowestprice,basedoninternationaldrugpriceinformationsources.Notallsquareboxesare
applicabletomedicineselectionforchildrenseethesecondEMLcfordetails.
Therapeuticequivalenceisonlyindicatedonthebasisofreviewsofefficacyandsafetyandwhenconsistent
withWHOclinicalguidelines.Nationallistsshouldnotuseasimilarsymbolandshouldbespecificintheir
finalselection,whichwoulddependonlocalavailabilityandprice.
Theasymbolindicatesthatthereisanageorweightrestrictiononuseofthemedicine;detailsforeach
medicinecanbefoundinTable1.
Wherethe[c]symbolisplacednexttothecomplementarylistitsignifiesthatthemedicine(s)require(s)
specialistdiagnosticormonitoringfacilities,and/orspecialistmedicalcare,and/orspecialisttrainingfor
theiruseinchildren.
Wherethe[c]symbolisplacednexttoanindividualmedicineorstrengthofmedicineitsignifiesthatthereisaspecificindicationforrestrictingitsusetochildren.
ThepresenceofanentryontheEssentialMedicinesListcarriesnoassuranceastopharmaceuticalquality.It
istheresponsibilityoftherelevantnationalorregionaldrugregulatoryauthoritytoensurethateach
productisofappropriatepharmaceuticalquality(includingstability)andthatwhenrelevant,different
productsareinterchangeable.
ForrecommendationsandadviceconcerningallaspectsofthequalityassuranceofmedicinesseetheWHO
Medicineswebsitehttp://www.who.int/medicines/areas/quality_assurance/en/index.html.
Medicinesanddosageformsarelistedinalphabeticalorderwithineachsectionandthereisnoimplicationofpreferenceforoneformoveranother.Standardtreatmentguidelinesshouldbeconsultedforinformation
onappropriatedosageforms.
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ThemaintermsusedfordosageformsintheEssentialMedicinesListcanbefoundinAnnex1.
Definitionsofmanyofthesetermsandpharmaceuticalqualityrequirementsapplicabletothedifferent
categoriesarepublishedinthecurrenteditionofTheInternationalPharmacopoeia
http://www.who.int/medicines/publications/pharmacopoeia/en/index.html.
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1. ANAESTHETICS
1.1 General anaesthetics and oxygen
halothane Inhalation.
ketamine Injection:50mg(ashydrochloride)/mlin10mlvial.
nitrousoxide Inhalation.
oxygen Inhalation(medicinalgas).
thiopental Powderforinjection:0.5g;1g(sodiumsalt)inampoule.
1.2 Local anaesthetics
bupivacaine
Injection:0.25%;0.5%(hydrochloride)invial.
Injectionforspinalanaesthesia:0.5%(hydrochloride)in
4mlampouletobemixedwith7.5%glucosesolution.
lidocaine
Injection:1%;2%(hydrochloride)invial.
Injectionforspinalanaesthesia:5%(hydrochloride)in
2mlampouletobemixedwith7.5%glucosesolution.
Topicalforms:2%to4%(hydrochloride).
lidocaine+epinephrine(adrenaline)Dentalcartridge:2%(hydrochloride)+epinephrine1:80000.
Injection:1%;2%(hydrochloride)+epinephrine1:200000invial.
ComplementaryList
ephedrineInjection:30mg(hydrochloride)/mlin1mlampoule.
(Foruseinspinalanaesthesiaduringdelivery,topreventhypotension).
1.3 Preoperative medication and sedation for short-term proceduresatropine Injection:1mg(sulfate)in1mlampoule.
diazepamInjection:5mg/mlin2mlampoule.
Tablet:5mg.
morphine Injection:10mg(sulfateorhydrochloride)in1mlampoule.
promethazine Oralliquid:5mg(hydrochloride)/5ml.
2. ANALGESICS, ANTIPYRETICS, NON-STEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORYMEDICINES (NSAIMs), MEDICINES USED TO TREAT GOUT AND DISEASE MODIFYING
AGENTS IN RHEUMATOID DISORDERS (DMARDs)2.1 Non-opioids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medicines (NSAIMs)acetylsalicylicacid
Suppository:50mgto150mg.
Tablet:100mgto500mg.
ibuprofenaTablet:200mg;400mg.
a >3 months.
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paracetamol*
Oralliquid:125mg/5ml.
Suppository:100mg.
Tablet:100mgto500mg.
*Notrecommendedforantiinflammatoryuseduetolackofprovenbenefittothateffect.
ComplementaryList[c]
acetylsalicylicacid*
Suppository:50mgto150mg.
Tablet:100mgto500mg.
*Foruseforrheumaticfever,juvenilearthritis,Kawasakidisease.
2.2 Opioid analgesics
codeine Tablet:15mg(phosphate)[c];30mg(phosphate).
morphine
Injection:10mg(morphinehydrochlorideormorphinesulfate)
in1mlampoule.
Oralliquid:10mg(morphinehydrochlorideormorphine
sulfate)/5ml.
Tablet:10mg(morphinesulfate).
Tablet(prolongedrelease):10mg;30mg;60mg(morphine
sulfate).
2.3 Medicines used to treat gout
allopurinol Tablet:100mg.
2.4 Disease modifying agents used in rheumatoid disorders (DMARDs)
chloroquine Tablet:100mg;150mg(asphosphateorsulfate).
ComplementaryList
azathioprine Tablet:50mg.
methotrexate Tablet:2.5mg(assodiumsalt).
penicillamine Solidoraldosageform:250mg.
sulfasalazine Tablet:500mg.
3. ANTIALLERGICS AND MEDICINES USED IN ANAPHYLAXIS
chlorphenaminea
Injection:10mg(hydrogenmaleate)in1mlampoule.
Oralliquid:2mg/5ml [c].
Tablet:4mg(hydrogenmaleate).
a >1 year.
dexamethasoneInjection:4mgdexamethasonephosphate(asdisodiumsalt)in
1mlampoule.
epinephrine(adrenaline)Injection:1mg(ashydrochlorideorhydrogentartrate)in
1mlampoule.
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hydrocortisone Powderforinjection:100mg(assodiumsuccinate)invial.
prednisoloneOralliquid:5mg/ml[c].
Tablet:5mg;25mg.
4. ANTIDOTES AND OTHER SUBSTANCES USED IN POISONINGS
4.1 Non-specific
charcoal,activated Powder.
4.2 Specific
acetylcysteineInjection:200mg/mlin10mlampoule.
Oralliquid:10%[c];20%[c].
atropine Injection:1mg(sulfate)in1mlampoule.
calciumgluconate Injection:100mg/mlin10mlampoule.
deferoxamine Powderforinjection:500mg(mesilate)invial.
dimercaprol Injectioninoil:50mg/mlin2mlampoule.
DLmethionine*Tablet:250mg.
*Willbereviewedforpossibledeletion.
methylthioniniumchloride
(methyleneblue)Injection:10mg/mlin10mlampoule.
naloxone Injection:400micrograms(hydrochloride)in1mlampoule.
penicillamine Solidoraldosageform:250mg.
potassiumferrichexacyanoferrate(II)
2H20(Prussianblue)Powderfororaladministration.
sodiumcalciumedetate Injection:200mg/mlin5mlampoule.
sodiumnitrite Injection:30mg/mlin10mlampoule.
sodiumthiosulfate Injection:250mg/mlin50mlampoule.
5. ANTICONVULSANTS/ANTIEPILEPTICS
carbamazepine
Oralliquid:100mg/5ml.
Tablet(chewable):100mg;200mg.
Tablet(scored):100mg;200mg.
diazepam Gelorrectalsolution:5mg/mlin0.5ml;2mland4mltubes.
lorazepamParenteralformulation:2mg/mlin1mlampoule;4mg/mlin
1mlampoule.
magnesiumsulfate*
Injection:500mg/mlin2mlampoule;500mg/mlin
10mlampoule.
*Foruseineclampsiaandseverepreeclampsiaandnotforother
convulsantdisorders.
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phenobarbital
Injection:200mg/ml(phenobarbitalsodium).
Oralliquid:15mg/5ml(phenobarbital).
Tablet:15mgto100mg(phenobarbital).
phenytoin
Capsule:25mg;50mg;100mg(sodiumsalt).
Injection:50mg/mlin5mlvial(sodiumsalt).
Oralliquid:25mgto30mg/5ml.*
Tablet:25mg;50mg;100mg(sodiumsalt).
Tablet(chewable):50mg.
*Thepresenceofboth25mg/5mland30mg/5mlstrengthson
thesamemarketwouldcauseconfusioninprescribingand
dispensingandshouldbeavoided.
valproicacid(sodiumvalproate)
Oralliquid:200mg/5ml.
Tablet(crushable):100mg.
Tablet(entericcoated):200mg;500mg(sodiumvalproate).
ComplementaryList
ethosuximideCapsule:250mg.
Oralliquid:250mg/5ml.
6. ANTI-INFECTIVE MEDICINES6.1 Anthelminthics6.1.1 Intestinal anthelminthicsalbendazole Tablet(chewable):400mg.
levamisole Tablet:50mg;150mg(ashydrochloride).
mebendazole Tablet(chewable):100mg;500mg.
niclosamide*Tablet(chewable):500mg.
*Niclosamideislistedforusewhenpraziquanteltreatmentfails.
praziquantel Tablet:150mg;600mg.
pyrantelOralliquid:50mg(asembonate)/ml.
Tablet(chewable):250mg(asembonate).
6.1.2 Antifilarials
ivermectin Tablet(scored):3mg;6mg.
ComplementaryList
diethylcarbamazine Tablet:50mg;100mg(dihydrogencitrate).
suraminsodium*
Powderforinjection:1ginvial.
*Willbereviewedforpossibledeletion.
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6.1.3 Antischistosomals and antitrematode medicines
praziquantel Tablet:600mg.
triclabendazole Tablet:250mg.
ComplementaryList
oxamniquine*
Capsule:250mg.
Oralliquid:250mg/5ml.
*Oxamniquineislistedforusewhenpraziquanteltreatmentfails.
6.2 Antibacterials
6.2.1 Beta Lactam medicines
amoxicillin
Powderfororalliquid:125mg(anhydrous)/5ml;250mg
(anhydrous)/5ml[c].
Solidoraldosageform:250mg;500mg(anhydrous).
amoxicillin+clavulanicacid
Oralliquid:125mgamoxicillin+31.25mgclavulanicacid/5ml
AND250mgamoxicillin+62.5mgclavulanicacid/5ml[c].
Tablet:500mg+125mg.
ampicillin Powderforinjection:500mg;1g(assodiumsalt)invial.
benzathinebenzylpenicillin
Powderforinjection:900mgbenzylpenicillin(=1.2millionIU)
in5mlvial[c];1.44gbenzylpenicillin(=2.4millionIU)in5ml
vial.
benzylpenicillinPowderforinjection:600mg(=1millionIU);3g(=5millionIU)
(sodiumorpotassiumsalt)invial.
cefalexin[c]
Powderforreconstitutionwithwater:125mg/5ml;
250mg/5ml.
Solidoraldosageform:250mg.
cefazolin*a
Powderforinjection:1g(assodiumsalt)invial.
*Forsurgicalprophylaxis.
a >1 month.
cefixime*
Capsule:400mg.
*Onlylistedforsingledosetreatmentofuncomplicatedano
genitalgonorrhoea.
ceftriaxone*a
Powderforinjection:250mg;1g(assodiumsalt)invial.
*Donotadministerwithcalciumandavoidininfantswith
hyperbilirubinemia.
a >41 weeks corrected gestational age.
cloxacillin
Capsule:500mg;1g(assodiumsalt).
Powderforinjection:500mg(assodiumsalt)invial.
Powderfororalliquid:125mg(assodiumsalt)/5ml.
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phenoxymethylpenicillinPowderfororalliquid:250mg(aspotassiumsalt)/5ml.
Tablet:250mg(aspotassiumsalt).
procainebenzylpenicillin*
Powderforinjection:1g(=1millionIU);3g(=3millionIU)in
vial.
*Procainebenzylpenicillinisnotrecommendedasfirstline
treatmentforneonatalsepsisexceptinsettingswithhigh
neonatalmortality,whengivenbytrainedhealthworkersin
caseswherehospitalcareisnotachievable.
ComplementaryList
cefotaxime*[c]
Powderforinjection:250mgpervial.
*3rdgenerationcephalosporinofchoiceforuseinhospitalized
neonates.
ceftazidime Powderforinjection:250mgor1g(aspentahydrate)invial.
imipenem*+cilastatin*
Powderforinjection:250mg(asmonohydrate)+250mg(assodium
salt);500mg(asmonohydrate)+500mg(assodiumsalt)invial.
*Onlylistedforthetreatmentoflifethreateninghospitalbased
infectionduetosuspectedorprovenmultidrugresistantinfection.
Meropenemisindicatedforthetreatmentofmeningitisandislicensed
foruseinchildrenovertheageof3months.
6.2.2 Other antibacterials
azithromycin*
Capsule:250mg;500mg.
Oralliquid:200mg/5ml.
*OnlylistedforsingledosetreatmentofgenitalChlamydia
trachomatisandoftrachoma.
chloramphenicol
Capsule:250mg.
Oilysuspensionforinjection*:0.5g(assodiumsuccinate)/mlin
2mlampoule.
*Onlyforthepresumptivetreatmentofepidemicmeningitisin
childrenolderthan2years.
Oralliquid:150mg(aspalmitate)/5ml.
Powderforinjection:1g(sodiumsuccinate)invial.
ciprofloxacin
Oralliquid:250mg/5ml[c].
SolutionforIVinfusion:2mg/ml[c].
Tablet:250mg(ashydrochloride).
doxycyclinea
Oralliquid:25mg/5ml[c];50mg/5ml[c].
Solidoraldosageform:50mg[c];100mg(hydrochloride).
aUse in children
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erythromycin
Powderforinjection:500mg(aslactobionate)invial.
Powderfororalliquid:125mg/5ml(asstearateorethyl
succinate).
Solidoraldosageform:250mg(asstearateorethylsuccinate).
gentamicin Injection:10mg;40mg(assulfate)/mlin2mlvial.
metronidazole
Injection:500mgin100mlvial.
Oralliquid:200mg(asbenzoate)/5ml.
Suppository:500mg;1g.
Tablet:200mgto500mg.
nitrofurantoinOralliquid:25mg/5ml[c].
Tablet:100mg.
spectinomycin Powderforinjection:2g(ashydrochloride)invial.
sulfamethoxazole+trimethoprim
Injection:
80mg+16mg/mlin5mlampoule;
80mg+16mg/mlin10mlampoule.
Oralliquid:200mg+40mg/5ml.
Tablet:100mg+20mg;400mg+80mg.
trimethoprima
Oralliquid:50mg/5ml[c].
Tablet:100mg;200mg.
a >6 months.
ComplementaryList
clindamycin
Capsule:150mg.
Injection:150mg(asphosphate)/ml.
Oralliquid:75mg/5ml[c].
vancomycin Powderforinjection:250mg(ashydrochloride)invial.
6.2.3 Antileprosy medicines
Medicines used in the treatment of leprosy should neverbe used except in combination. Combination
therapyisessentialtopreventtheemergenceofdrugresistance.Colourcodedblisterpacks(MDTblister
packs) containing standard two medicine (paucibacillary leprosy) or three medicine (multibacillary
leprosy)combinationsforadultandchildhoodleprosyshouldbeused.MDTblisterpackscanbesupplied
freeofchargethroughWHO.
clofazimine Capsule:50mg;100mg.
dapsone Tablet:25mg;50mg;100mg.
rifampicin Solidoraldosageform:150mg;300mg.
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6.2.4 Antituberculosis medicines
ethambutolOralliquid:25mg/ml[c].
Tablet:100mgto400mg(hydrochloride).
ethambutol+isoniazid Tablet:400mg+150mg.
ethambutol+isoniazid+pyrazinamide
+rifampicinTablet:275mg+75mg+400mg+150mg.
ethambutol+isoniazid+rifampicin Tablet:275mg+75mg+150mg.
isoniazid
Oralliquid:50mg/5ml[c].
Tablet:100mgto300mg.
Tablet(scored):50mg.
isoniazid+pyrazinamide+rifampicin
Tablet:
75mg+400mg+150mg.
150mg+500mg+150mg(Forintermittentusethreetimes
weekly).
isoniazid+rifampicin
Tablet:
75mg+150mg;150mg+300mg.
60mg+60mg(Forintermittentusethreetimesweekly).
150mg+150mg(Forintermittentusethreetimesweekly).
pyrazinamide
Oralliquid:30mg/ml[c].
Tablet:400mg.
Tablet(dispersible):150mg.
Tablet(scored):150mg.
rifabutinCapsule:150mg.*
*ForuseonlyinpatientswithHIVreceivingproteaseinhibitors.
rifampicinOralliquid:20mg/ml[c].
Solidoraldosageform:150mg;300mg.
streptomycin Powderforinjection:1g(assulfate)invial.
ComplementaryList
Reservesecondlinedrugsforthetreatmentofmultidrugresistanttuberculosis(MDRTB)shouldbe
usedinspecializedcentresadheringtoWHOstandardsforTBcontrol.
amikacin Powderforinjection:100mg;500mg;1ginvial.
capreomycin Powderforinjection:1ginvial.
cycloserine Solidoraldosageform:250mg.
ethionamide Tablet:125mg;250mg.
kanamycin Powderforinjection:1ginvial.
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ofloxacin*
Tablet:200mg;400mg.
*Levofloxacinmaybeanalternativebasedonavailabilityand
programmeconsiderations.
paminosalicylicacid Granules:
4
g
in
sachet.
Tablet:500mg.
6.3 Antifungal medicines
clotrimazoleVaginalcream:1%;10%.
Vaginaltablet:100mg;500mg.
fluconazole
Capsule:50mg.
Injection:2mg/mlinvial.
Oralliquid:50mg/5ml.
griseofulvinOralliquid:125mg/5ml[c].
Solidoraldosageform:125mg;250mg.
nystatin
Lozenge:100000IU.
Oralliquid:50mg/5ml[c];100000IU/ml[c].
Pessary:100000IU.
Tablet:100000IU;500000IU.
ComplementaryList
amphotericinBPowderforinjection:50mginvial.
Asdeoxycholateorliposomal.
flucytosineCapsule:250mg.
Infusion:2.5gin250ml.
potassiumiodide Saturatedsolution.
6.4 Antiviral medicines6.4.1 Antiherpes medicines
aciclovir
Oralliquid:200mg/5ml[c].
Powderforinjection:250mg(assodiumsalt)invial.
Tablet:200mg.
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6.4.2 AntiretroviralsBasedoncurrentevidenceandexperienceofuse,medicinesinthefollowingthreeclassesofantiretrovirals
are included as essential medicines for treatment and prevention of HIV (prevention of mothertochild
transmission and postexposure prophylaxis). The Committee emphasizes the importance of using these
products in accordance with global and national guidelines. The Committee recommends and endorsesthe use of fixeddose combinations and the development of appropriate new fixeddose combinations,
including modified dosage forms, nonrefrigerated products and paediatric dosage forms of assured
pharmaceuticalquality.
Scoredtabletscanbeusedinchildrenandthereforecanbeconsideredforinclusioninthelistingoftablets,
providedadequatequalityproductsareavailable.
6.4.2.1 Nucleoside/Nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors
abacavir(ABC)Oralliquid:100mg(assulfate)/5ml.
Tablet:300mg(assulfate).
didanosine(ddI)
Bufferedpowderfororalliquid:100mg;167mg;250mgpackets.
Capsule(unbufferedentericcoated):125mg;200mg;250mg;
400mg.
Tablet(bufferedchewable,dispersible):25mg;50mg;100mg;
150mg;200mg.
emtricitabine
(FTC)*a
Capsule:200mg.
Oralliquid:10mg/ml.
*FTCisanacceptablealternativeto3TC,basedonknowledgeof
thepharmacology,theresistancepatternsandclinicaltrialsof
antiretrovirals.
a >3 months.
lamivudine(3TC)Oralliquid:50mg/5ml.
Tablet:150mg.
stavudine(d4T)Capsule:15mg;20mg;30mg.
Powderfororalliquid:5mg/5ml.
tenofovirdisoproxilfumarate(TDF) Tablet:
300
mg
(tenofovir
disoproxil
fumarate
equivalent
to
245mgtenofovirdisoproxil).
zidovudine(ZDVorAZT)
Capsule:100mg;250mg.
Oralliquid:50mg/5ml.
SolutionforIVinfusioninjection:10mg/mlin20mlvial.
Tablet:300mg.
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6.4.2.2 Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
efavirenz(EFVorEFZ)a
Capsule:50mg;100mg;200mg.
Oralliquid:150mg/5ml.
Tablet:600mg.
a >3 years or >10 kg weight.
nevirapine(NVP)Oralliquid:50mg/5ml.
Tablet:200mg.
6.4.2.3 Protease inhibitors
Selection of protease inhibitor(s) from the Model List will need tobe determinedby each country after
considerationofinternationalandnationaltreatmentguidelinesandexperience.Ritonavirisrecommended
foruseincombinationasapharmacologicalbooster,andnotasanantiretroviralinitsownright.Allother
proteaseinhibitors
should
be
used
in
boosted
forms
(e.g.
with
ritonavir).
atazanaviraSolidoraldosageform:100mg;150mg;300mg.
a >25 kg.
indinavir(IDV) Solidoraldosageform:400mg(assulfate).
lopinavir+ritonavir(LPV/r)
Capsule:133.3mg+33.3mg.
Oralliquid:400mg+100mg/5ml.
Tablet(heatstable):100mg+25mg;200mg+50mg.
ritonavir
Oralliquid:400mg/5ml.
Solidoraldosageform:100mg.
Tablet(heatstable):25mg;100mg.
saquinavir(SQV)aSolidoraldosageform:200mg; 500mg.
a >25 kg.
FIXED-DOSE COMBINATIONS
efavirenz+emtricitabine*+tenofovir Tablet:600mg+200mg+300mg.
*FTCisanacceptablealternativeto3TC,basedonknowledgeof
thepharmacology,theresistancepatternsandclinicaltrialsofantiretrovirals.
emtricitabine*+tenofovir Tablet:200mg+300mg.
*FTCisanacceptablealternativeto3TC,basedonknowledgeof
thepharmacology,theresistancepatternsandclinicaltrialsof
antiretrovirals.
lamivudine+nevirapine+stavudine Tablet:150mg+200mg+30mg.
Tablet(dispersible):
30mg+50mg+6mg[c];60mg+100mg+12mg[c].
lamivudine+nevirapine+
zidovudine
Tablet:30mg+50mg+60mg[c];150mg+200mg+300mg.
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lamivudine+zidovudine Tablet:30mg+60mg[c];150mg+300mg.
6.4.3 Other antivirals
ribavirin*
Injectionforintravenousadministration:800mgand1gin10ml
phosphatebuffersolution.
Solidoraldosageform:200mg;400mg;600mg.
*Forthetreatmentofviralhaemorrhagicfeversonly.
6.5 Antiprotozoal medicines
6.5.1 Antiamoebic and antigiardiasis medicines
diloxanideaTablet:500mg(furoate).
a >25 kg.
metronidazole
Injection:500mgin100mlvial.
Oralliquid:200mg(asbenzoate)/5ml.
Tablet:200mgto500mg.
6.5.2 Antileishmaniasis medicines
amphotericinBPowderforinjection:50mginvial.
Asdeoxycholateorliposomal.
paromomycin Solutionforintramuscularinjection:750mgofparomomycin
basepresentasthesulfate.
sodiumstibogluconateormeglumine
antimoniate
Injection:100mg/ml,1vial=30mlor30%,equivalentto
approximately8.1%antimonyin5mlampoule.
6.5.3 Antimalarial medicines6.5.3.1 For curative treatmentMedicinesforthetreatmentofP.falciparummalariacasesshouldbeusedincombination. Thelistcurrently
recommendscombinationsaccordingtotreatmentguidelines. TheCommitteerecognizesthatnotallof
theseFDCsexistandencouragestheirdevelopmentandrigoroustesting. TheCommitteealsoencourages
developmentandtestingofrectaldosageformulations.
amodiaquine*
Tablet:153mgor200mg(ashydrochloride).
*Tobeused(a)incombinationwithartesunate50mgOR(b)maybeusedaloneforthetreatmentofP.vivax,P.ovaleand
P.malariaeinfections.
artemether*Oilyinjection:80mg/mlin1mlampoule.
*Foruseinthemanagementofseveremalaria.
artemether+lumefantrine*
Tablet:20mg+120mg.
Tablet(dispersible):20mg+120mg[c].
*Notrecommendedinthefirsttrimesterofpregnancyorin
children
below
5
kg.
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artesunate*
Injection:ampoules,containing60mganhydrousartesunicacid
withaseparateampouleof5%sodiumbicarbonatesolution.
Foruseinthemanagementofseveremalaria.
Rectaldosageform:50mg[c];200mgcapsules(forprereferral
treatmentofseveremalariaonly;patientsshouldbetakentoanappropriatehealthfacilityforfollowupcare)[c].
Tablet:50mg.
*Tobeusedincombinationwitheitheramodiaquine,mefloquine
orsulfadoxine+pyrimethamine.
chloroquine*
Oralliquid:50mg(asphosphateorsulfate)/5ml.
Tablet:100mg;150mg(asphosphateorsulfate).
*ForuseonlyforthetreatmentofP.vivaxinfection.
doxycycline*
Capsule:100mg(ashydrochloride).
Tablet(dispersible):100mg(asmonohydrate).
*Foruseonlyincombinationwithquinine.
mefloquine*Tablet:250mg(ashydrochloride).
*Tobeusedincombinationwithartesunate50mg.
primaquine*
Tablet:7.5mg;15mg(asdiphosphate).
*OnlyforusetoachieveradicalcureofP.vivaxandP.ovale
infections,givenfor14days.
quinine*
Injection:300mgquininehydrochloride/mlin2mlampoule.
Tablet:300mg(quininesulfate)or300mg(quininebisulfate).
*Foruseonlyinthemanagementofseveremalaria,andshouldbe
usedincombinationwithdoxycycline.
sulfadoxine+pyrimethamine*Tablet:500mg+25mg.
*Onlyincombinationwithartesunate50mg.
6.5.3.2 For prophylaxis
chloroquine*
Oralliquid:50mg(asphosphateorsulfate)/5ml.
Tablet:150mg(asphosphateorsulfate).
*ForuseonlyincentralAmericanregions,foruseforP.vivax.
doxycyclineaSolidoraldosageform:100mg(ashydrochloride).
a >8 years.
mefloquineaTablet:250mg(ashydrochloride).
a >5 kg or >3 months.
proguanil* Tablet:100mg(ashydrochloride).
*Foruseonlyincombinationwithchloroquine.
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6.5.4 Antipneumocystosis and antitoxoplasmosis medicines
pyrimethamine Tablet:25mg.
sulfadiazine Tablet:500mg.
sulfamethoxazole+trimethoprim
Injection:
80mg+16mg/mlin5mlampoule;
80mg+16mg/mlin10mlampoule.
Oralliquid:200mg+40mg/5ml[c].
Tablet:100mg+20mg;400mg+80mg[c].
ComplementaryList
pentamidine Tablet:200mg;300mg.
6.5.5 Antitrypanosomal medicines
6.5.5.1 African trypanosomiasis
Medicinesforthetreatmentof1ststageAfricantrypanosomiasis
pentamidine*
Powderforinjection:200mg(pentamidineisetionate)invial.
*TobeusedforthetreatmentofTrypanosomabruceigambiense
infection.
suraminsodium*
Powderforinjection:1ginvial.
*Tobeusedforthetreatmentoftheinitialphaseof
Trypanosomabruceirhodesienseinfection.
Medicinesforthetreatmentof2ndstageAfricantrypanosomiasis
eflornithine*
Injection:200mg(hydrochloride)/mlin100mlbottle.
*TobeusedforthetreatmentofTrypanosomabruceigambiense
infection.
melarsoprolInjection:3.6%solution,5mlampoule(180mgofactive
compound).
nifurtimox*
Tablet:120mg.
*Onlytobeusedincombinationwitheflornithine,for the
treatmentofTrypanosomabruceigambienseinfection.
6.5.5.2 American trypanosomiasis
benznidazole Tablet:100mg.
nifurtimox Tablet:30mg;120mg;250mg.
7. ANTIMIGRAINE MEDICINES
7.1 For treatment of acute attack
acetylsalicylicacid Tablet:300mgto500mg.
ibuprofen[c] Tablet:200mg;400mg.
paracetamolOralliquid:125mg/5ml[c].
Tablet:300mgto500mg.
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7.2 For prophylaxis
propranolol Tablet:20mg;40mg(hydrochloride).
8. ANTINEOPLASTIC, IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVES AND MEDICINES USED INPALLIATIVE CARE
8.1 Immunosuppressive medicines
ComplementaryList
azathioprinePowderforinjection:100mg(assodiumsalt)invial.
Tablet:50mg.
ciclosporin
Capsule:25mg.
Concentrateforinjection:50mg/mlin1mlampoulefororgan
transplantation.
8.2 Cytotoxic medicines
ComplementaryList
allopurinol[c] Tablet:100mgto300mg.
asparaginase Powderforinjection:10000IUinvial.
bleomycin Powderforinjection:15mg(assulfate)invial.
calciumfolinateInjection:3mg/mlin10mlampoule.
Tablet:15mg.
carboplatin Injection:50mg/5ml;150mg/15ml;450mg/45ml;600mg/60ml.
chlorambucil Tablet:2mg.
cyclophosphamidePowderforinjection:500mginvial.
Tablet:25mg.
cytarabine Powderforinjection:100mginvial.
dacarbazine Powderforinjection:100mginvial.
dactinomycin Powderforinjection:500microgramsinvial.
daunorubicin Powderforinjection:50mg(ashydrochloride)invial.
doxorubicin Powderforinjection:10mg;50mg(hydrochloride)invial.
etoposideCapsule:100mg.
Injection:20mg/mlin5mlampoule.
fluorouracil Injection:50mg/mlin5mlampoule.
hydroxycarbamideSolidoraldosageform:200mg;250mg;300mg;400mg;500mg;
1g.
ifosfamide Powderforinjection:1gvial;2gvial.
mercaptopurine Tablet:50mg.
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mesnaInjection:100mg/mlin4mland10mlampoules.
Tablet:400mg;600mg.
methotrexatePowderforinjection:50mg(assodiumsalt)invial.
Tablet:2.5mg(assodiumsalt).
procarbazine Capsule:50mg(ashydrochloride).
vinblastine Powderforinjection:10mg(sulfate)invial.
vincristine Powderforinjection:1mg;5mg(sulfate)invial.
8.3 Hormones and antihormones
ComplementaryList
dexamethasone
Injection:4mgdexamethasonephosphate(asdisodiumsalt)in
1mlampoule.
Oralliquid:2mg/5ml[c].
hydrocortisone Powderforinjection:100mg(assodiumsuccinate)invial.
prednisoloneOralliquid:5mg/ml[c].
Tablet:5mg;25mg.
tamoxifen Tablet:10mg;20mg(ascitrate).
8.4 Medicines used in palliative care
TheWHOExpertCommitteerecognizestheimportanceoflistingspecificmedicinesinthePalliativeCare
Section. SomemedicinescurrentlyusedinpalliativecareareincludedintherelevantsectionsoftheModelList, according to their therapeutic use, e.g. analgesics. The Guidelines for Palliative Care that were
referenced in theprevious listare inneedofupdate. The Committeeexpectsapplications formedicines
neededforpalliativecaretobesubmittedforthenextmeeting.Forpalliativecaremedicinesinchildren,
seethesecondEMLc.
9. ANTIPARKINSONISM MEDICINES
biperidenInjection:5mg(lactate)in1mlampoule.
Tablet:2mg(hydrochloride).
levodopa+carbidopa Tablet:100mg+10mg;250mg+25mg.
10. MEDICINES AFFECTING THE BLOOD
10.1 Antianaemia medicines
ferroussaltOralliquid:equivalentto25mgiron(assulfate)/ml.
Tablet:equivalentto60mgiron.
ferroussalt+folicacidTabletequivalentto60mgiron+400microgramsfolicacid
(Nutritionalsupplementforuseduringpregnancy).
folicacid Tablet:1mg;5mg.
hydroxocobalamin Injection:1mgin1mlampoule.
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10.2 Medicines affecting coagulation
heparinsodium Injection:1000IU/ml;5000IU/ml;20000IU/mlin1mlampoule.
phytomenadioneInjection:1mg/ml[c];10mg/mlin5mlampoule.
Tablet:10mg.
protaminesulfate Injection:10mg/mlin5mlampoule.
warfarin Tablet:1mg;2mg;5mg(sodiumsalt).
ComplementaryList[c]
heparinsodium Injection:1000IU/ml;5000IU/mlin1mlampoule.
protaminesulfate Injection:10mg/mlin5mlampoule.
warfarin Tablet:0.5mg;1mg;2mg;5mg(sodiumsalt).
11. BLOOD PRODUCTS AND PLASMA SUBSTITUTES11.1 Plasma substitutesdextran70*
Injectablesolution:6%.
*Polygeline,injectablesolution,3.5%isconsideredasequivalent.
11.2 Plasma fractions for specific useAll plasma fractions should comply with the WHO Requirements for the Collection, Processing and
Quality Control of Blood, Blood Components and Plasma Derivatives (Revised 1992). (WHO Technical
ReportSeries,No.840,1994,Annex2).
ComplementaryList
factorVIIIconcentrate Dried.
factorIXcomplex(coagulation
factors,II,VII,IX,X)concentrateDried.
humannormalimmunoglobulin
Intramuscularadministration:16%proteinsolution.*
Intravenousadministration:5%;10%proteinsolution.**
Subcutaneousadministration:15%;16%proteinsolution.*
* Indicatedforprimaryimmunedeficiency.
**IndicatedforprimaryimmunedeficiencyandKawasakidisease.
12. CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINES
12.1 Antianginal medicines
atenolol Tablet:50mg;100mg.
glyceryltrinitrate Tablet(sublingual):500micrograms.
isosorbidedinitrate Tablet(sublingual):5mg.
verapamil Tablet:40mg;80mg(hydrochloride).
12.2 Antiarrhythmic medicinesatenolol Tablet:50mg;100mg.
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digoxin
Injection:250micrograms/mlin2mlampoule.
Oralliquid:50micrograms/ml.
Tablet:62.5micrograms;250micrograms.
epinephrine(adrenaline) Injection:100micrograms/ml(asacidtartrateorhydrochloride)in
10mlampoule.
lidocaine Injection:20mg(hydrochloride)/mlin5mlampoule.
verapamilInjection:2.5mg(hydrochloride)/mlin2mlampoule.
Tablet:40mg;80mg(hydrochloride).
ComplementaryList
amiodaroneInjection:50mg/mlin3mlampoule(hydrochloride).
Tablet(HCI):100mg;200mg;400mg(hydrochloride).
12.3 Antihypertensive medicines
amlodipine Tablet:5mg.
atenolol Tablet:50mg;100mg.
enalapril Tablet:2.5mg;5mg.
hydralazine*
Powderforinjection:20mg(hydrochloride)inampoule.
Tablet:25mg;50mg(hydrochloride).
*Hydralazineislistedforuseintheacutemanagementofsevere
pregnancyinducedhypertensiononly.Itsuseinthetreatmentof
essentialhypertensionisnotrecommendedinviewofthe
availabilityofmoreevidenceofefficacyandsafetyofother
medicines.
hydrochlorothiazideOralliquid:50mg/5ml.
Solidoraldosageform:12.5mg;25mg.
methyldopa*
Tablet:250mg.
*Methyldopaislistedforuseinthemanagementofpregnancy
inducedhypertensiononly.Itsuseinthetreatmentofessential
hypertensionisnotrecommendedinviewoftheavailabilityof
moreevidenceofefficacyandsafetyofothermedicines.
ComplementaryList
sodiumnitroprusside Powderforinfusion:50mginampoule.
12.4 Medicines used in heart failure
digoxin
Injection:250micrograms/mlin2mlampoule.
Oralliquid:50micrograms/ml.
Tablet:62.5
micrograms;
250
micrograms.
enalapril Tablet:2.5mg;5mg.
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furosemide
Injection:10mg/mlin2mlampoule.
Oralliquid:20mg/5ml[c].
Tablet:40mg.
hydrochlorothiazideOralliquid:50mg/5ml.
Solidoraldosageform:25mg.
ComplementaryList
dopamine Injection:40mg/ml(hydrochloride)in5mlvial.
12.5 Antithrombotic medicines
acetylsalicylicacid Tablet:100mg.
ComplementaryList
streptokinase Powderforinjection:1.5millionIUinvial.
12.6 Lipid-lowering agents
simvastatin*Tablet:5mg;10mg;20mg;40mg.
*Foruseinhighriskpatients.
13. DERMATOLOGICAL MEDICINES (topical)
13.1 Antifungal medicines
benzoicacid+salicylicacid Creamorointment:6%+3%.
miconazole
Cream
or
ointment:
2%(nitrate).
sodiumthiosulfate Solution:15%.
ComplementaryList
seleniumsulfide Detergentbasedsuspension:2%.
13.2 Anti-infective medicines
methylrosaniliniumchloride
(gentianviolet)
Aqueoussolution:0.5%.
Tincture:0.5%.
neomycinsulfate+bacitracin Ointment:5mgneomycinsulfate+250IUbacitracinzinc/g.
potassiumpermanganate Aqueoussolution:1:10000.
silversulfadiazineaCream:1%.
a >2 months.
13.3 Anti-inflammatory and antipruritic medicines
betamethasoneaCreamorointment:0.1%(asvalerate).
a Hydrocortisone preferred in neonates.
calaminelotion Lotion.
hydrocortisone Creamorointment:1%(acetate).
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13.4 Astringent medicines
aluminiumdiacetate Solution:5%.
13.5 Medicines affecting skin differentiation and proliferation
benzoylperoxide Creamorlotion:5%.
coaltar Solution:5%.
dithranol Ointment:0.1%to2%.
fluorouracil Ointment:5%.
podophyllumresin Solution:10%to25%.
salicylicacid Solution:5%.
urea Creamorointment:10%.
13.6 Scabicides and pediculicides
benzylbenzoateaLotion:25%.
a >2 years.
permethrinCream:5%.
Lotion:1%.
14. DIAGNOSTIC AGENTS
14.1 Ophthalmic medicines
fluorescein
Eye
drops:
1%
(sodium
salt).
tropicamide Eyedrops:0.5%.
14.2 Radiocontrast media
amidotrizoateInjection:140mgto420mgiodine(assodiumormeglumine
salt)/mlin20mlampoule.
bariumsulfate Aqueoussuspension.
iohexolInjection:140mgto350mgiodine/mlin5ml;10ml;20ml
ampoules.
ComplementaryList
bariumsulfate[c] Aqueoussuspension.
meglumineiotroxate Solution:5gto8giodinein100mlto250ml.
15. DISINFECTANTS AND ANTISEPTICS15.1 Antisepticschlorhexidine
Solution:5%(digluconate);20%(digluconate)(needstobediluted
priortouseforcordcare)[c].
ethanol Solution:70%(denatured).
polyvidoneiodine Solution:10%.
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15.2 Disinfectants
chlorinebasecompound Powder:(0.1%availablechlorine)forsolution.
chloroxylenol Solution:4.8%.
glutaral Solution:2%.
16. DIURETICS
amiloride Tablet:5mg(hydrochloride).
furosemide
Injection:10mg/mlin2mlampoule.
Oralliquid:20mg/5ml[c].
Tablet:10mg[c];20mg[c];40mg.
hydrochlorothiazide Solidoraldosageform:25mg.
mannitol Injectablesolution:10%;20%.
spironolactone Tablet:25mg.
ComplementaryList[c]
hydrochlorothiazide Tablet(scored):25mg.mannitol Injectablesolution:10%;20%.
spironolactoneOralliquid:5mg/5ml;10mg/5ml;25mg/5ml.
Tablet:25mg.
17. GASTROINTESTINAL MEDICINES
ComplementaryList[c]
pancreaticenzymesAgeappropriateformulationsanddosesincludinglipase,proteaseand
amylase.
17.1 Antacids and other antiulcer medicines
aluminiumhydroxideOralliquid:320mg/5ml.
Tablet:500mg.
magnesiumhydroxide Oralliquid:equivalentto550mgmagnesiumoxide/10ml.
omeprazolePowderfororalliquid:20mg;40mgsachets.
Solidoraldosageform:10mg;20mg;40mg.
ranitidine
Injection:25mg/mlin2mlampoule.
Oralliquid:75mg/5ml.
Tablet:150mg(ashydrochloride).
17.2 Antiemetic medicines
dexamethasone
Injection:4mg/mlin1mlampoule.
Oral
liquid:0.5
mg/5
ml;
2mg/5
ml.
Solidoraldosageform:0.5mg;0.75mg;1.5mg;4mg.
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17.5.2 Medicines for diarrhoea in children
zincsulfate*
Oralliquid:in10mgperunitdosageforms.
Tablet:in10mgperunitdosageforms.
*Inacutediarrhoeazincsulfateshouldbeusedasanadjuncttooralrehydrationsalts.
17.5.3 Antidiarrhoeal (symptomatic) medicines in adults
codeine*
Tablet:30mg(phosphate).
*Theroleofthisitemhasbeenquestionedanditscontinued
inclusiononthelistwillbereviewedatthenextmeetingofthe
ExpertCommittee.
18. HORMONES, OTHER ENDOCRINE MEDICINES AND CONTRACEPTIVES
18.1 Adrenal hormones and synthetic substitutes
fludrocortisone Tablet:100micrograms.
hydrocortisone Tablet:5mg;10mg;20mg.
18.2 Androgens
ComplementaryList
testosterone Injection:200mg(enantate)in1mlampoule.
18.3 Contraceptives
18.3.1 Oral hormonal contraceptives
ethinylestradiol+levonorgestrel Tablet:30micrograms+150micrograms.
ethinylestradiol+norethisterone Tablet:35micrograms+1mg.
levonorgestrel Tablet:30micrograms;750micrograms(packoftwo);1.5mg.
18.3.2 Injectable hormonal contraceptives
estradiolcypionate+
medroxyprogesteroneacetateInjection:5mg+25mg.
medroxyprogesteroneacetate Depotinjection:150mg/mlin1mlvial.
norethisteroneenantate Oilysolution:200mg/mlin1mlampoule.
18.3.3 Intrauterine devices
coppercontainingdevice
18.3.4 Barrier methods
condoms
diaphragms
18.3.5 Implantable contraceptives
levonorgestrelreleasingimplant Tworodlevonorgestrelreleasingimplant,eachrodcontaining75mgoflevonorgestrel(150mgtotal).
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18.4 Estrogens
ethinylestradiol*
Tablet:10micrograms;50micrograms.
*Thepublichealthrelevanceand/orcomparativeefficacyand/or
safetyofthisitemhasbeenquestionedanditscontinuedinclusion
onthelistwillbereviewedatthenextmeetingoftheExpert
Committee.
18.5 Insulins and other antidiabetic agents
glibenclamide Tablet:2.5mg;5mg.
insulininjection(soluble) Injection:40IU/mlin10mlvial;100IU/mlin10mlvial.
intermediateactinginsulinInjection:40IU/mlin10mlvial;100IU/mlin10mlvial
(ascompoundinsulinzincsuspensionorisophaneinsulin).
metformin Tablet:500mg(hydrochloride).
ComplementaryList[c]
metformin Tablet:500mg(hydrochloride).
18.6 Ovulation inducers
ComplementaryList
clomifene Tablet:50mg(citrate).
18.7 Progestogens
norethisterone*
Tablet:5mg.
*Thepublichealthrelevanceand/orcomparativeefficacyand/or
safetyofthisitemhasbeenquestionedanditscontinuedinclusion
onthelistwillbereviewedatthenextmeetingoftheExpert
Committee.
ComplementaryList
medroxyprogesteroneacetate*
Tablet:5mg.
*Thepublichealthrelevanceand/orcomparativeefficacyand/or
safetyofthisitemhasbeenquestionedanditscontinuedinclusion
onthelistwillbereviewedatthenextmeetingoftheExpert
Committee.
18.8 Thyroid hormones and antithyroid medicines
levothyroxineTablet:25micrograms[c];50micrograms;100micrograms
(sodiumsalt).
potassiumiodide Tablet:60mg.
propylthiouracil Tablet:50mg.
ComplementaryList[c]
Lugolssolution
Oral
liquid:about
130
mg
total
iodine/ml.
potassiumiodide Tablet:60mg.
propylthiouracil Tablet:50mg.
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19. IMMUNOLOGICALS
19.1 Diagnostic agents
AlltuberculinsshouldcomplywiththeWHORequirementsforTuberculins(Revised1985).WHOExpert
CommitteeonBiologicalStandardization.Thirtysixthreport.(WHOTechnicalReportSeries,No.745,
1987,Annex1).
tuberculin,purifiedproteinderivative
(PPD)Injection.
19.2 Sera and immunoglobulins
AllplasmafractionsshouldcomplywiththeWHORequirementsfortheCollection,Processingand
QualityControlofBlood,BloodComponentsandPlasmaDerivatives(Revised1992).WHOExpert
CommitteeonBiologicalStandardization.Fortythirdreport.(WHOTechnicalReportSeries,No.840,1994,
Annex2).
antiD
immunoglobulin
(human)
Injection:250
micrograms
in
single
dose
vial.
antitetanusimmunoglobulin(human) Injection:500IUinvial.
antivenomimmunoglobulin*Injection.
*Exacttypetobedefinedlocally.
diphtheriaantitoxin Injection:10000IU;20000IUinvial.
rabiesimmunoglobulin Injection:150IU/mlinvial.
19.3 Vaccines
Selection
of
vaccines
from
the
Model
List
will
need
to
be
determined
by
each
country
after
consideration
of
international recommendations, epidemiology and national priorities. The listbelow details the vaccines
forwhichthereiseitherarecommendationfromtheStrategicAdvisoryGroupofExpertsonImmunization
(SAGE) (http://www.who.int/immunization/sage_conclusions/en/index.html) and/or a WHO position
paper (http://www.who.int/immunization/documents/positionpapers/en/index.html). This site will be
updated as new position papers are published and contains the most recent information and
recommendations.
AllvaccinesshouldcomplywiththeWHORequirementsforBiologicalSubstances.
BCGvaccine
choleravaccine
diphtheriavaccine
hepatitisAvaccine
hepatitisBvaccine
Haemophilusinfluenzaetypebvaccine
influenzavaccine
Japaneseencephalitisvaccine
measlesvaccine
meningococcalmeningitisvaccine
mumpsvaccine
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pertussisvaccine
pneumococcalvaccine
poliomyelitisvaccine
rabiesvaccine
rotavirusvaccine
rubellavaccine
tetanusvaccine
typhoidvaccine
varicellavaccine
yellowfevervaccine
20. MUSCLE RELAXANTS (PERIPHERALLY-ACTING) AND CHOLINESTERASEINHIBITORS
alcuronium Injection:5mg(chloride)/mlin2mlampoule.
neostigmine
Injection:500microgramsin1mlampoule;2.5mg(metilsulfate)
in1mlampoule.
Tablet:15mg(bromide).
suxamethoniumInjection:50mg(chloride)/mlin2mlampoule.
Powderforinjection(chloride),invial.
vecuronium[c] Powderforinjection:10mg(bromide)invial.
ComplementaryList
pyridostigmineInjection:1mgin1mlampoule.
Tablet:60mg(bromide).
vecuronium Powderforinjection:10mg(bromide)invial.
21. OPHTHALMOLOGICAL PREPARATIONSThissectionwillbereviewedatthenextmeetingoftheExpertCommittee.
21.1 Anti-infective agentsaciclovir Ointment:3%W/W.
gentamicin Solution(eyedrops):0.3%(sulfate).
tetracycline Eyeointment:1%(hydrochloride).
21.2 Anti-inflammatory agents
prednisolone Solution(eyedrops):0.5%(sodiumphosphate).
21.3 Local anaesthetics
tetracainea Solution(eyedrops):0.5%(hydrochloride).
a Not in preterm neonates.
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21.4 Miotics and antiglaucoma medicines
acetazolamide Tablet:250mg.
pilocarpine Solution(eyedrops):2%;4%(hydrochlorideornitrate).
timolol Solution(eyedrops):0.25%;0.5%(asmaleate).
21.5 Mydriatics
atropine*a
Solution(eyedrops):0.1%;0.5%;1%(sulfate).
*[c]ORhomatropineORcyclopentolate.
a >3 months.
ComplementaryList
epinephrine(adrenaline) Solution(eyedrops):2%(ashydrochloride).
22. OXYTOCICS AND ANTIOXYTOCICS
22.1 Oxytocics
ergometrine Injection:200micrograms(hydrogenmaleate)in1mlampoule.
oxytocin Injection:10IUin1mlampoule.
ComplementaryList
misoprostol
Tablet:200micrograms.*
*Formanagementofincompleteabortionandmiscarriage.
Vaginaltablet:25micrograms.
mifepristone*misoprostol*
Wherepermittedunder
nationallawandwhere
culturallyacceptable.
Tablet200mgtablet200micrograms.
*Requiresclosemedicalsupervision.
22.2 Antioxytocics (tocolytics)
nifedipine Immediatereleasecapsule:10mg.
23. PERITONEAL DIALYSIS SOLUTION
ComplementaryList
intraperitonealdialysissolution
(ofappropriatecomposition)Parenteralsolution.
24. PSYCHOTHERAPEUTIC MEDICINES
24.1 Medicines used in psychotic disorders
chlorpromazine
Injection:25mg(hydrochloride)/mlin2mlampoule.
Oralliquid:25mg(hydrochloride)/5ml.
Tablet:
100
mg
(hydrochloride).
fluphenazine Injection:25mg(decanoateorenantate)in1mlampoule.
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haloperidolInjection:5mgin1mlampoule.
Tablet:2mg;5mg.
ComplementaryList[c]
chlorpromazine
Injection:25mg(hydrochloride)/mlin2mlampoule.
Oralliquid:25mg(hydrochloride)/5ml.
Tablet:10mg;25mg;50mg;100mg(hydrochloride).
haloperidol
Injection:5mgin1mlampoule.
Oralliquid:2mg/ml.
Solidoraldosageform:0.5mg;2mg;5mg.
24.2 Medicines used in mood disorders
24.2.1 Medicines used in depressive disorders
amitriptyline Tablet:25mg(hydrochloride).
fluoxetine Solidoraldosageform:20mg(presentashydrochloride).
ComplementaryList[c]
fluoxetineaSolidoraldosageform:20mg(presentashydrochloride).
a >8 years.
24.2.2 Medicines used in bipolar disorders
carbamazepine Tablet(scored):100mg;200mg.
lithiumcarbonate Solidoraldosageform:300mg.
valproicacid Tablet(entericcoated):200mg;500mg(sodiumvalproate).
24.3 Medicines used in generalized anxiety
diazepam Tablet(scored):2mg;5mg.
24.4 Medicines used for obsessive compulsive disorders and panic attacks
clomipramine Capsule:10mg;25mg(hydrochloride).
24.5 Medicines used in substance dependence programmes
nicotinereplacementtherapy(NRT)Chewinggum:2mg;4mg.
Transdermalpatch:5mgto30mg/16hrs;7mgto21mg/24hrs.
ComplementaryList
methadone*
Concentratefororalliquid:5mg/ml;10mg/ml(hydrochloride).
Oralliquid:5mg/5ml;10mg/5ml.
*Thesquareboxisaddedtoincludebuprenorphine.Themedicines
shouldonlybeusedwithinanestablishedsupportprogramme.
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25. MEDICINES ACTING ON THE RESPIRATORY TRACT
25.1 Antiasthmatic and medicines for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
beclometasoneInhalation(aerosol):50micrograms(dipropionate)perdose;
100micrograms(dipropionate)perdose(asCFCfreeforms).
budesonide[c]Inhalation(aerosol):100microgramsperdose;200micrograms
perdose.
epinephrine(adrenaline)Injection:1mg(ashydrochlorideorhydrogentartrate)in
1mlampoule.
ipratropiumbromide Inhalation(aerosol):20micrograms/metereddose.
salbutamol*
Inhalation(aerosol):100micrograms(assulfate)perdose.
Injection:50micrograms(assulfate)/mlin5mlampoule.
Metereddoseinhaler(aerosol):100micrograms(assulfate)per
dose.
Oralliquid:2mg/5ml.
Respiratorsolutionforuseinnebulizers:5mg(assulfate)/ml.
Tablet:2mg;4mg(assulfate).
*Oralsalbutamoltreatmentshouldonlybeconsideredwhen
inhaledasthmatherapyisnotfeasible.
26. SOLUTIONS CORRECTING WATER, ELECTROLYTE AND ACID-BASE
DISTURBANCES
26.1 Oral
oralrehydrationsalts Seesection17.5.1.
potassiumchloride Powderforsolution.
26.2 Parenteral
glucoseInjectablesolution:5%(isotonic);10%(hypertonic);
50%(hypertonic).
glucosewithsodiumchloride
Injectablesolution:4%glucose,0.18%sodiumchloride
(equivalenttoNa+30mmol/L,Cl 30mmol/L).
Injectablesolution:5%glucose,0.9%sodiumchloride(equivalentto150mmol/LNa+and150mmol/LCl);5%glucose,0.45%
sodiumchloride(equivalentto75mmol/LNa+and75mmol/L
Cl)[c].
potassiumchloride
Solution:11.2%in20mlampoule
(equivalenttoK+1.5mmol/ml,Cl 1.5mmol/ml).
Solutionfordilution:7.5%(equivalenttoK1mmol/mland
Cl1mmol/ml)[c];15%(equivalenttoK2mmol/mland
Cl2mmol/ml)[c].
sodiumchloride Injectablesolution:0.9%isotonic(equivalenttoNa+154mmol/L,Cl 154mmol/L).
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sodiumhydrogencarbonate
Injectablesolution:1.4%isotonic(equivalenttoNa+167mmol/L,
HCO3 167mmol/L).
Solution:8.4%in10mlampoule(equivalenttoNa+1000mmol/L,
HCO31000mmol/L).
sodiumlactate,compoundsolution Injectablesolution.
26.3 Miscellaneous
waterforinjection 2ml;5ml;10mlampoules.
27. VITAMINS AND MINERALS
ascorbicacid Tablet:50mg.
cholecalciferol*[c]
Oralliquid:400IU/ml.
Solidoraldosageform:400IU;1000IU.
*Ergocalciferolcanbeusedasanalternative.
ergocalciferolOralliquid:250micrograms/ml(10000IU/ml).
Solidoraldosageform:1.25mg(50000IU).
iodine
Capsule:200mg.
Iodizedoil:1ml(480mgiodine);0.5ml(240mgiodine)in
ampoule(oralorinjectable);0.57ml(308mgiodine)indispenser
bottle.
nicotinamide Tablet:50mg.
pyridoxine Tablet:25mg(hydrochloride).
retinol
Capsule:50000IU;100000IU;200000IU(aspalmitate).
Oraloilysolution:100000IU(aspalmitate)/mlinmultidose
dispenser.
Tablet(sugarcoated):10000IU(aspalmitate).
Watermiscibleinjection:100000IU(aspalmitate)in
2mlampoule.
riboflavin Tablet:5mg.
sodiumfluoride Inanyappropriatetopicalformulation.
thiamine Tablet:50mg(hydrochloride).
ComplementaryList
calciumgluconate Injection:100mg/mlin10mlampoule.
28. EAR, NOSE AND THROAT CONDITIONS IN CHILDREN [c]
aceticacid Topical:2%,inalcohol.
budesonide Nasalspray:100microgramsperdose.
ciprofloxacin Topical:0.3%drops.
xylometazolineaNasalspray:0.05%.
aNot in children less than 3 months.
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29. SPECIFIC MEDICINES FOR NEONATAL CARE [c]
caffeinecitrateInjection:20mg/ml(equivalentto10mgcaffeinebase/ml).
Oralliquid:20mg/ml(equivalentto10mgcaffeinebase/ml).
ComplementaryList
ibuprofen Solutionforinjection:5mg/ml.
prostaglandinE
Solutionforinjection:
ProstaglandinE1:0.5mg/mlinalcohol.
ProstaglandinE2:1mg/ml.
surfactant Suspensionforintratrachealinstillation:25mg/mlor80mg/ml.
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Table 1: Medicines with age or weight restrictions
atazanavir >25kg
atropine >3months
benzyl
benzoate
>2
years
betamethasonetopicalpreparations Hydrocortisonepreferredinneonates
cefazolin >1month
ceftriaxone >41weekscorrectedgestationalage
chlorphenamine >1year
diloxanide >25kg
doxycycline >8years(exceptforseriousinfectionse.g.cholera)
efavirenz >3yearsor>10kg
emtricitabine >3months
fluoxetine >8years
ibuprofen >3months(exceptIVformforpatentductusarteriosus)
mefloquine >5kgor>3monthsmetoclopramide Notinneonates
ondansetron >1month
saquinavir >25kg
silversulfadiazine >2months
tetracaine Notinpretermneonates
trimethoprim >6months
xylometazoline >3months
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Annex 1: Explanation of dosage forms
A. Principal dosage forms used in EMLc - Oral administration
Term Definition
Solidoraldosageform
Referstotabletsorcapsulesorothersoliddosageformssuchas melts
thatareimmediatereleasepreparations.Itimpliesthatthereisno
differenceinclinicalefficacyorsafetybetweentheavailable dosage
forms,andcountriesshouldthereforechoosetheform(s)tobelisted
dependingonqualityandavailability.
Theterm solidoraldosageform isneverintendedtoallowanytypeof
modifiedreleasetablet.
Tablets
Refersto:
uncoatedorcoated(filmcoatedorsugarcoated)tabletsthatare
intendedtobeswallowedwhole;
unscoredandscored*;
tabletsthatareintendedtobechewedbeforebeingswallowed;
tabletsthatareintendedtobedispersedordissolvedinwateror
anothersuitableliquidbeforebeingswallowed;
tabletsthatareintendedtobecrushedbeforebeingswallowed.
Theterm tablet withoutqualificationisneverintendedtoallowany
typeofmodifiedreleasetablet.
Tablets(qualified)
Referstoaspecifictypeoftablet:
chewable tabletsthatareintendedtobechewedbeforebeing
swallowed;
dispersible tabletsthatareintendedtobedispersedinwateror
anothersuitableliquidbeforebeingswallowed;
soluble tabletsthatareintendedtobedissolvedinwateroranother
suitableliquidbeforebeingswallowed;
crushable
tablets
that
are
intended
to
be
crushed
before
being
swallowed;
scored tabletsbearingabreakmarkormarkswheresubdivisionis
intendedinordertoprovidedosesoflessthanonetablet;
sublingual tabletsthatareintendedtobeplacedbeneaththetongue.
Theterm tablet isalwaysqualifiedwithanadditionalterm(in
parentheses)inentrieswhereoneofthefollowingtypesoftabletis
intended:gastroresistant(suchtabletsmaysometimesbedescribedas
entericcoatedorasdelayedrelease),prolongedreleaseoranother
modifiedreleaseform.
* Scoredtabletsmaybedividedforeaseofswallowing,provideddoseisawholenumberoftablets.
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Term Definition
Capsules
Referstohardorsoftcapsules.
Theterm capsule withoutqualificationisneverintendedtoallowany
typeofmodifiedreleasecapsule.
Capsules(qualified)
Theterm capsule withqualificationreferstogastroresistant(such
capsulesmaysometimesbedescribedasentericcoatedorasdelayed
release),prolongedrelease oranothermodifiedreleaseform.
Granules
Preparationsthatareissuedtopatientasgranulestobeswallowed
withoutfurtherpreparation,tobechewed,ortobetakeninorwith
wateroranothersuitableliquid.
Theterm granules withoutfurtherqualificationisneverintendedto
allowanytypeofmodifiedreleasegranules.
Oralpowder
Preparationsthatareissuedtopatientaspowder(usuallyassingle
dose)tobetakeninorwithwateroranothersuitableliquid.
Oralliquid
Liquidpreparationsintendedtobeswallowedi.e.oralsolutions,
suspensions,emulsionsandoraldrops,includingthoseconstitutedfrom
powdersorgranules,butnotthosepreparationsintendedfororomucosal
administratione.g.garglesandmouthwashes.
Oralliquidspresentedaspowdersorgranulesmayofferbenefitsinthe
formofbetterstabilityandlowertransportcosts.Ifmorethanonetype
oforalliquidisavailableonthesamemarket(e.g.solution,suspension,
granulesforreconstitution),theymaybeinterchangedandinsuchcases
shouldbebioequivalent.Itispreferablethatoralliquidsdonotcontain
sugarandthatsolutionsforchildrendonotcontainalcohol.
B. Principal dosage forms used in EMLc - Parenteral administration
Term DefinitionInjection Referstosolutions,suspensionsandemulsionsincludingthose
constitutedfrompowdersorconcentratedsolutions.
Injection(qualified) Routeofadministrationisindicatedinparentheseswhererelevant.
Injection(oily) Theterminjectionisqualifiedby(oily)inrelevantentries.
Intravenousinfusion Referstosolutionsandemulsionsincludingthoseconstitutedfrom
powdersorconcentratedsolutions.
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C. Other dosage forms
Modeof
administration
Termtobeused
Totheeye Eyedrops,eyeointments.Topical Forliquids:lotions,paints.
Forsemisolids:cream,ointment.
Rectal Suppositories,gelorsolution.
Vaginal Pessariesorvaginaltablets.
Inhalation Powderforinhalation,pressurizedinhalation,nebulizer.
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Index
abacavir(ABC)........................................................ 10
acetazolamide................................ .......................... 27
aceticacid.............................................................. ... 30
acetylcysteine ............................................................ 3
acetylsalicylicacid .................................... 1,2,14,19
aciclovir ...................................................... .......... 9,26
albendazole................ ................................................ 4
alcuronium.................................................. ............. 26
allopurinol ........................................................... 2,15
aluminiumdiacetate............................................ ... 20
aluminiumhydroxide ............................................ 21
amidotrizoate .......................................................... 20
amikacin........................................................... ............ 8
amiloride .............................................................. .... 21
amiodarone ...................................................... .......... 18
amitriptyline ............................................................ 28
amlodipine............................................................... 18
amodiaquine....................... ..................................... 12
amoxicillin ............................................................ ..... 5
amoxicillin+clavulanicacid ................................... 5
amphotericinB....................................................... 9,12
ampicillin ................................................................... 5
antiDimmunoglobulin(human) ......................... 25
antitetanusimmunoglobulin(human)................. 25
antivenomimmunoglobulin ................................. 25
artemether...................... .......................................... 12
artemether+lumefantrine..................................... 12
artesunate............................................ ..................... 13
ascorbicacid ........................................................ .... 30
asparaginase............................................................... 15
atazanavir............................................................. .... 11
atenolol............................................................... 17,18
atropine ............................................................ 1,3,27
azathioprine ........................................................... 2,15
azithromycin........................................... ................... 6
bariumsulfate ...................................................... ... 20
BCGvaccine................................................ ............. 25
beclometasone ......................................................... 29
benzathine benzylpenicillin .................................... 5
benznidazole............................................................ 14
benzoicacid+salicylicacid................................... 19
benzoylperoxide..................................................... 20
benzylbenzoate....................................................... 20
benzylpenicillin....... .................................................. 5
betamethasone......................................................... 19
biperiden............................................................... ... 16
bleomycin......................................................... .......... 15
budesonide ........................................................ 29,30
bupivacaine................................................................ 1
caffeinecitrate ......................................................... 31
calaminelotion ........................................................ 19
calciumfolinate......................................................... . 15
calciumgluconate ............................................... 3,30
capreomycin ........................................................ ......... 8
carbamazepine..................................................... 3,28
carboplatin .......................................................... ....... 15
cefalexin.......................... ............................................ 5
cefazolin.................................................................... .. 5
cefixime....................................................................... 5
cefotaxime ........................................................... ......... 6
ceftazidime .......................................................... ......... 6
ceftriaxone..... ............................................................. 5
charcoal,activated..................................................... 3
chlorambucil........................................................ ....... 15
chloramphenicol....................................................... . 6
chlorhexidine ........................................................... 20
chlorinebasecompound ........................................ 21
chloroquine .......................................................... 2,13
chloroxylenol ........................................................... 21
chlorphenamine......................................................... 2
chlorpromazine ................................................. 27,28
cholecalciferol .......................................................... 30
choleravaccine ........................................................ 25
ciclosporin........................................................... ....... 15
ciprofloxacin ........................................................ 6,30
clindamycin ........................................................ ......... 7
clofazimine................................................................. 7
clomifene ............................................................. ....... 24
clomipramine..................................... ...................... 28
clotrimazole ............................................................... 9
cloxacillin ........................................................ ........... 5
coaltar ............................................................. ......... 20
codeine............................................................ ...... 2,23
condoms ................................................................... 23
coppercontainingdevice.......................................23
cyclophosphamide ...................................................... 15
cycloserine........................................................... ......... 8
cytarabine............................................................ ....... 15
dacarbazine ......................................................... ....... 15
dactinomycin....................................................... ....... 15
dapsone ........................................................... ........... 7
daunorubicin....................................................... ....... 15
deferoxamine ............................................................. 3
dexamethasone................. ............................. 2,16,21
dextran70.................................................................17
diaphragms .............................................................. 23
diazepam........................................................ .. 1,3,28
didanosine(ddI)...................................................... 10
diethylcarbamazine ......................................................4
digoxin......................................................................18
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diloxanide ................................................................ 12
dimercaprol ............................................................... 3
diphtheriaantitoxin................................................ 25
diphtheriavaccine .................................................. 25
dithranol.......................................... ......................... 20
DLmethionine .......................................................... 3
dopamine.......................................................... .......... 19
doxorubicin...................................................... .......... 15
doxycycline.......................................................... 6,13
efavirenz(EFVorEFZ)........................................... 11
efavirenz+emtricitabine+tenofovir ................... 11
eflornithine .............................................................. 14
emtricitabine(FTC)............. .................................... 10
emtricitabine+tenofovir..................................... ... 11
enalapril ............................................................... .... 18
ephedrine.......................................................... ............ 1
epinephrine(adrenaline) ....................... 2,18,27,29
ergocalciferol ........................................................... 30
ergometrine.............................................................. 27
erythromycin ............................................................. 7
estradiolcypionate+medroxyprogesterone
acetate ................................................................. . 23
ethambutol........ ......................................................... 8
ethambutol+isoniazid.......... ................................... 8
ethambutol+isoniazid+pyrazinamide+
rifampicin............................................................. . 8
ethambutol+isoniazid+rifampicin....................... 8
ethanol................................................................... ... 20
ethinylestradiol ....................................................... 24
ethinylestradiol+levonorgestrel .......................... 23
ethinylestradiol+norethisterone......................... . 23
ethionamide...................................................... ............ 8
ethosuximide............................................................... . 4
etoposide .......................................................... .......... 15
factorIXcomplex(coagulationfactors,
II,VII,IX,X)concentrate..................................... 17
factorVIIIconcentrate............................................... 17
ferroussalt ............................................................... 16
ferroussalt+folicacid ........................................... 16
fluconazole........................................... ...................... 9
flucytosine........................................................ ............ 9
fludrocortisone........................................................ 23
fluorescein........................................ ........................ 20
fluorouracil ...................................................... .... 15,20
fluoxetine ................................................................. 28
fluphenazine............................................................ 27
folicacid .................................................... ............... 16
furosemide......................................................... 19,21
gentamicin ........................................................... 7,26
glibenclamide ....................................................... ... 24
glucose........................... ........................................... 29
glucosewithsodiumchloride............................... 29
glutaral.................................................................. .... 21
glyceryltrinitrate..................................................... 17
griseofulvin................................................................9
Haemophilusinfluenzaetypebvaccine ..................25
haloperidol....... ........................................................ 28
halothane.................................................................... 1
heparinsodium ....................................................... 17
hepatitisAvaccine..................................................25
hepatitisBvaccine................................................... 25
humannormalimmunoglobulin................................17
hydralazine .............................................................. 18
hydrochlorothiazide ................................... 18,19,21
hydrocortisone................................... 3,16,19,22,23
hydroxocobalamin .................................................. 16
hydroxycarbamide...................................................... 15
ibuprofen........................................................ 1,14,31
ifosfamide ............................................................ ....... 15
imipenem+cilastatin................................................... 6
indinavir(IDV)........................................................11
influenzavaccine..................................................... 25
insulininjection(soluble).......................................24
intermediateactinginsulin....................................24
intraperitonealdialysissolution
(ofappropriatecomposition) .................................27
iodine ................................................................... ..... 30
iohexol ............................................................ .......... 20
ipratropiumbromide..............................................29
isoniazid .......................................................... ........... 8
isoniazid+pyrazinamide+rifampicin ..................8
isoniazid+rifampicin...............................................8
isosorbidedinitrate ................................................. 17
ivermectin .................................................................. 4
Japaneseencephalitisvaccine................................25
kanamycin........................................................... ......... 8
ketamine.....................................................................1
lamivudine(3TC) .................................................... 10
lamivudine+nevirapine+stavudine...................11
lamivudine+nevirapine+zidovudine................11
lamivudine+zidovudine.......................................12
levamisole .................................................................. 4
levodopa+carbidopa ............................................. 16
levonorgestrel..........................................................23
levonorgestrelreleasingimplant..........................23
levothyroxine........ ................................................... 24
lidocaine ............................................................ ... 1,18
lidocaine+epinephrine(adrenaline)......................1
lithiumcarbonate .................................................... 28
lopinavir+ritonavir(LPV/r)..................................11
lorazepam......................................................... .......... 3
Lugolssolution ........................................................ . 24
magnesiumhydroxide ........................................... 21
magnesiumsulfate.................................................... 3
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mannitol .............................................................. ..... 21
measlesvaccine ...................................................... . 25
mebendazole.............................................................. 4
medroxyprogesteroneacetate ......................... 23,24
mefloquine............................................................... 13
meglumineiotroxate .................................................. 20
melarsoprol...................... ........................................ 14
meningococcalmeningitisvaccine....................... 25
mercaptopurine...................................................... .... 15
mesna............................................................... .......... 16
metformin ................................................................ 24
methadone........................................................ .......... 28
methotrexate .......................................................... 2,16
methyldopa.................................................. ............ 18
methylrosaniliniumchloride(gentianviolet) ..... 19
methylthioniniumchloride(methyleneblue)....... 3
metoclopramide ...................................................... 22
metronidazole ..................................................... 7,12
miconazole............................................................... 19
mifepristone ............................................................... 27
misoprostol ...................................................... .......... 27
morphine........................... ..................................... 1,2
mumpsvaccine ....................................................... 25
naloxone ..................................................................... 3
neomycinsulfate+bacitracin................................ 19
neostigmine ............................................................. 26
nevirapine(NVP).................................................. .. 11
niclosamide............... ................................................. 4
nicotinamide............................................................ 30
nicotinereplacementtherapy(NRT).................... 28
nifedipine ................................................................. 27
nifurtimox ............................................................ .... 14
nitrofurantoin ............................................................ 7
nitrousoxide........................... ................................... 1
norethisterone ......................................................... 24
norethisteroneenantate.......................................... 23
nystatin.................................................................... ... 9
ofloxacin........................................................... ............ 9
omeprazole ............................................................ .. 21
ondansetron............................................................. 22
oralrehydrationsalts ....................................... 22,29
oxamniquine ............................................................... . 5
oxygen ........................................................... ............. 1
oxytocin............................................................... ..... 27
paminosalicylicacid ................................................... 9
pancreaticenzymes.................................................... 21
paracetamol ......................................................... 2,14
paromomycin .......................................................... 12
penicillamine............................................................ 2,3
pentamidine ............................................................... 14
permethrin ............................................................... 20
pertussisvaccine ..................................................... 26
phenobarbital.................................................. ........... 4
phenoxymethylpenicillin ......................................... 6
phenytoin ................................................................... 4
phytomenadione ..................................................... 17
pilocarpine ............................................................... 27
pneumococcalvaccine............................................26
podophyllumresin ................................................. 20
poliomyelitisvaccine..............................................26
polyvidoneiodine...................................................20
potassiumchloride.................................................. 29
potassiumferrichexacyanoferrate(II) 2H20
(Prussianblue) ...................................................... 3
potassiumiodide .................................................... 9,24
potassiumpermanganate....................................... 19
praziquantel...........................................................4, 5
prednisolone .................................................. 3,16,26
primaquine.......................................... ..................... 13
procainebenzylpenicillin....... .................................. 6
procarbazine........................................................ ....... 16
proguanil..................................................................13
promethazine.................... ......................................... 1
propranolol .............................................................. 15
propylthiouracil ...................................................... 24
prostaglandinE......................................................... . 31
protaminesulfate .................................................... 17
pyrantel ...................................................................... 4
pyrazinamide........................................ ..................... 8
pyridostigmine ........................................................... 26
pyridoxine................................................................30
pyrimethamine ........................................................ 14
quinine......... ............................................................. 13
rabiesimmunoglobulin..........................................25
rabiesvaccine................................................. .......... 26
ranitidine..................................................................21
retinol........................... ............................................. 30
ribavirin....................................................................12
riboflavin..................................................................30
rifabutin......................................................................8
rifampicin ............................................................... 7,8
ritonavir.................................................................... 11
rotavirusvaccine ..................................................... 26
rubellavaccine.........................................................26
salbutamol.................. .............................................. 29
salicylicacid.............................................................20
saquinavir(SQV).....................................................11
seleniumsulfide ........................................................ . 19
senna.........................................................................22
silversulfadiazine ................................................... 19
simvastatin...............................................................19
sodiumcalciumedetate............................................ 3
sodiumchloride ...................................................... 29
sodiumfluoride.......................................................30
8/6/2019 Copy of Sixteenth Adult List En
43/43
EssentialMedicines 16thedition(March2009)
WHOModelList
sodiumhydrogencarbonate ................................. 30
sodiumlactate ......................................................... 30
sodiumnitrite ............................................................ 3
sodiumnitroprusside................................................. 18
sodiumstibogluconateor meglumine
antimoniate ......................................................... 12
sodiumthiosulfate .............................................. 3,19
spectinomycin ........................................................... 7
spironolactone......................................................... 21
stavudine(d4T)....................................................... 10
streptokinase .............................................................. 19
streptomycin................ .............................................. 8
sulfadiazine............................................................. . 14
sulfadoxine+pyrimethamine ............................... 13
sulfamethoxazole+trimethoprim .................... 7,14
sulfasalazine........................................................... 2,22
suraminsodium ..................................................... 4,14
surfactant......................................................... .......... 31
suxamethonium ...................................................... 26
tamoxifen ......................................................... .......... 16
tenofovirdisoproxilfumarate ............................... 10
testosterone ...................................................... .......... 23
tetanusvaccine ........................................................ 26
tetracaine....... ........................................................... 26
tetracycline...............................................................26
thiamine................................... ................................. 30
thiopental ...................