Copy of Maxies Agri Compost addition to... · Maxies Agri compost this is value ... View of a part of the coconut plantation shown in the previous slide ... Centella asiatica.L to

Value addition to MaxiesAgri CompostAgri Compost

D.C.Hettiarachchi

B.Sc.(Bio),PGD (Ind.Mcb), M.Sc.(Ind.Mcb)

R & D Consultant

3/3/2012 1www.maxies.lk

What is Maxies Agri Compost & from where

does it come?

Maxies Agri compost is manufactured

by Maxies Agi Business (Pvt) Ltd., a

subsidiary of Maxies and Co. (Pvt) Ltd.subsidiary of Maxies and Co. (Pvt) Ltd.


Why does Maxies & Co. (Pvt). Ltd. start this

project?

1. For sustainability of the entire poultry

operation

2. For material re-cycling

3. For providing carbon to the soil in an

environment friendly manner (locking carbon

in the earth)

Maxies & Co

Poultry

Processing

20,000/d

Environment

controlled broiler

Farm units

Fecal matter & wood

shaving, dead birds,

3000 tons/year

Maxie Agri

Slu

dge 5

M3

-4.8

-5%

dry

matter

Treated effluent

to river (80%)

compost

waste water

treatment

system

Maxies integrated

Poultry operation

Maxies & Co

(Pvt) Ltd

Layer unit

30,000 birds

Piggery

unit 1,600

animalsFecal matter, urine

Dead animals (50,000 L/day)

Fecal matter,

wood shaving,

dead birds (2.5

tons/cage /180days

x 11)

Maxie Agri

Composting

project

Biogas unit Rendering

Plant I & II

compost

cooking


Main raw materials for the compost

• Closed house broiler litter

• Saw dust

• Water

Technique used Windrow compostingcomposting


Process

1. Raw litter is chemically analyzed to know N to C ratio

2. This ratio is adjusted to above 1:20 for proper composting

3. Moisture level is raised to about 50%

4. Materials are mixed well using a front loader

5. The mixture is piled with a dimension of 10-12 feet wide and 6 feet height, 160 feet long

6. The pile is turned every 10 days, more water is added if added.

7. Progress of the composting process is monitored by taking temperature readings of core and shallow layers of the pile, Temperature – about 68 oC.

8. Active, thermophylic composting process lasts for about 12 weeks

9. Maturing stage continues from 12 weeks- typically 4 weeks – if more - better

10. During the maturing stage, a suspension of spores of a beneficial fungus, Trichodermaviride is sprayed on to the pile as a value addition.

11. Finally, composted material is ground, sieved and packed. 3/3/2012 5www.maxies.lk

Saw dust used for increasing C:N ratio Mixing raw materials


Increasing moisture content Pilling the mixed raw material (Windrow)

Turning the windrow pile every 10-15 days Temperature monitoring


Temperature monitoring

Trichoderma viride large scale production

A pure culture of Trichoderma viride

Spraying spores of Trichoderma viride Growing of Trichoderma on compost


Ground & sieved compost is being packed


Two sized packs ; 10 kg & 20 kg , 2kg and 5kg packs will be out soon

Compost analysis by CRI & recommendations(CRI =coconut research institute of Sri Lanka)

• Every batch of compost is analyzed by the

laboratory of soil & nutrition of CRI.

• After analyzing several batches, and looking • After analyzing several batches, and looking

at the recommendations given by the CRI, 26-

28kg of Maxies Agri compost together with

1000g of MOP is prescribed for a coconut

plant per year.


Sample

Code

(CRI SPND

Lab No)

Moistu

re

%

(d.w.b.)

N P K Mg Ca Na OC C/N

Ratio% d.w.b.

F-139 29.55

22.80

(w.w.b.)

1.35 0.301

(P2O5-

0.688)

1.98

(K2O-

2.38)

0.537

(MgO-

0.891)

2.33 0.411 23 17

F-140 29.78

22.95

1.46 0.312

(P2O5-

1.96

(K2O-

0.540

(MgO-

2.37 0.433 22 15

Nutrient contents of several batches of Maxies Agri compost

22.95

(w.w.b.)

(P2O5-

0.714)

(K2O-

2.38)

(MgO-

0.896)

F-147 28.78

22.35

(w.w.b.)

2.28 0.28

(P2O5-

0.64)

1.72

(K2O-

2.07)

0.56

(MgO-

0.94)

2.64 0.38 26.30 11.53

F-168 30.37 2.73 0.89

(P2O5-

2.03)

2.13

(K2O

2.73)

0.77

(MgO-

1.27)

4.14 0.52 24.83 9.09

F-193 35.89 2.41 0.742

(P2O5-

1.69)

2.11

(K2O-

2.54)

0.646

(MgO-

1.07)

3.65 0.408 35.25 14.60


Micronutrient contents of Maxies Agri

compost

SPN

lab

No.

Sample type Fe Mn Cu Zn Pb Ni

F-

334

Fresh broiler

litter

0.22 0.04 0.008 0.003 0.004 0.007

334 litter

F141 Compost 0.740 0.048 0.033 0.046 0.0007 0.001


What is value addition to compost

During composting-

Many growth promoting factors,

Antibiotics,

Antifungal compounds, Antifungal compounds,

Macro and microscopic organisms,

are formed

These are beneficial to the health and growth of

plants3/3/2012 13www.maxies.lk

Plant diseases

caused by plant pathogenic fungi that inhabit soil,

cause important losses

very aggressive &very aggressive &

spread very rapidly

and have detrimental effect on

crops of economic importance.


In the nature; in the soil & decaying organic matter

many beneficial fungi are present in small numbers.

They

• Colonize the rhyzosphere of plants

• Control plant pathogenic fungi by

various type of mechanisms

• Can compete for nutrient

• Improve the plant health

• Stimulate root growth

These fungi can be used as bio-controlling agent to

control soil-born phytopathogenic fungi of crops if

applied in enough quantities.


Species of Trichoderma sp. are such fungi

Found free living in soil & root ecosystems

they induce growth,

control survival or infections caused by

pathogens by different mechanisms such

as;

• Competition

• Antibiosis

• Mycoparasitism

• Hypal interaction

• Enzyme secretion


During maturation stage,

Trichoderma viride is incorporated in to

Maxies Agri compost this is value

addition

Therefore, Maxies Agri compost provides enough

inocula to the soil for the expected benefits inocula to the soil for the expected benefits

Trichoderma viride isolates that have

mycoparasitic or characteristics of

controlling the growth of other fungi like

Fusarium sp. (colony at the top of the plate)

isolated from onion root disease) were tested.

Note the fast growing Trichoderma viride

isolate (green colony) controlling the spread

of Fusarium sp. (on top of the agar plate)

Fusarium sp. isolated from root rot of onion


One of the sources of Trichoderma

viride isolate - from decaying wood

from local source

Pure culture of Trichoderma viride

isolated from the above sourceisolated from the above source


Simple bio-assay to prove that Maxies Agri

compost is a complete fertilizer

50% 25% 0%

First harvest from 2 plants

Compost & Sand mixture

• No deficiency syndrome during growth in 25% & 50% pots.

•Complete fertilizer ; contains all macro & micro-nutrients necessary for chilies


CRI recommended fertilizer rates for Coconut plants with Maxies Agri Compost

Per plant/year

Application of 100% Maxies Agri Compost

Maxies Agri Compost = 26-28kg

MOP = 1000g

Application of 50% Maxies Agri CompostApplication of 50% Maxies Agri Compost

Maxies Agri compost = 13-14kg

Urea = 400g

ERP = 450g

MOP = 1350g

Dolamite = 500g3/3/2012 20www.maxies.lk

Application rates for revitalization of a coconut

plantation (Poor & unfertilized land)

Maxies Agri compost = 19.5kg

Urea = 600g

ERP = 675gERP = 675g

MOP = 2000g

Dolamite = 750g


Growth rates of coconut seedling with Maxies Agri Compost

Planted in an area where soil characteristics comes under CRI

Soil category 3

Just transplanted

(18.12.2009) Four months old

(28.04.2010)

Two years & two months old

(06.02.2012)



Coconut seedlings just planted at Mangala Eliya Compost site

3/3/2012 24www.maxies.lkView of a part of the coconut plantation shown in the previous slide (24 months old)

3/3/2012 www.maxies.lk 25

Crown of a coconut plant at Mangala Eliya ; this plant has been applied

with Maxies Agri compost for 3 consecutive years

Adequacy of macronutrient content in Maxies Agri

compost

A simple experiment

With different combinations of Maxies Agri compost

and coir dust. Green chilies, Capsicum annum was

employed as the bio indicator.

Combination of Percentage by volume

substratesA B C D

Maxies Agri

compost

10 20 30 40

Coir dust 90 80 70 60


%10 compost

Yellowing of leaves showing

20% compost

No deficiency syndrome

30% compost


shown

A B C

Yellowing of leaves showing

deficiency syndrome


Note: No flowers shown

Note: Signs of flowering

40% compost

No deficiency syndrome, many leaves

Note: No flowers, signs of too much

of nitrogen

The best combination is 30% Maxies Agri

compost and 70% coir dust


D

Comparison of growth performance with other compost

Using 30% Maxies Agri compost application rate with coir dust, a comparative

study was done with another compost.

Compost type Compost Coir dust

Maxies Agri compost 30% 70%

Another compost type 30% 70%

30% Maxies Agri compost and 70% coir dust

Note: Rapid growth of Chili plant in pot

where Maxies Agri compost is used.


Application of compost in agriculture:

Paddy cultivation: trial 1Site : Daraluwa; Season : Yala; Period: April-August 2011; soil type – Sandy

Application rate -4000kg/acre

Application of Trichoderma viride: 5 liters of spore suspension per hectare

5 liters used for dipping seedling for 30min.

Harvest after 105 days


Paddy yield ( kg/hectare)

100%

Compost

fertilizer

50%

Compost

fertilizer

100%

Chemical

fertilizer

4840 5428 1601

Paddy cultivation trial 2

Site : Bujjampola ; Soil type : clay , fertile

Other conditions – as in the paddy site 1

Observed 100% 50% 100%


attributes Compost Compost Chemical

fertilizer

No. of tillers per

seedling

20.0 13.6 5.3

No. of roots per

seedling

704 504 272

Paddy yield ( kg/hectare)

100%

Compost

fertilizer

50%

Compost

fertilizer

100%

Chemical

fertilizer

9118 8004 4052

Harvest of paddy cultivation trial 2


Application of compost to the

soil before ploughing

Ploughing is done using a tractor to mix

the compost


100% 50% 100%

Chemical Compost Compost Compost treated paddy field

Application of Maxies Agri compost &

Trichoderma viride in Gotukola, Centella

asiatica.L to control root nematoda infection


This research was done by Mrs. B.V.T.Shamalie, Provincial Agriculture assistant

director , Western Province ,as part of fulfillment of her Masters degree in 2009

Root Knot Nematodes……

� Microscopic worms

� Intense damage in warmer area

� Root galls interrupt water and nutrient uptake

� Reduce size of root system

� Above ground damages - stunting � Above ground damages - stunting

Yellowing

Wilting

� Root attacked by RKN prone to secondary infections

� Reduce yield quality, quantity and input wastage

Compost


�Location

RKN Infected field – Manuwangama

(Chilaw)

�Agro ecological Zone - IL 1a

�Average annual Rain fall – 1100 -1400mm

�Soil type - RBE

�Average Temperature- 30 -320c


� Design - RCBD with 3 replicates

Plot Size - 4 m2 (2m x2m)

Planting Space - 20 cm x 20 cm

Date of crop establish - 12th Dec. 2010


Date of crop establish - 12th Dec. 2010

Date of harvested - 1st March 2011

� Variety - Bush type

TreatmentsTreatments Description

T1 Trichoderma + Maxies Agri Compost

T2 Trichoderma + Poultry manure

T3 Trichoderma + Inorganic fertilizer

T4 Trichoderma

T5 Cutator + Maxies Agri Compost

T6 Curator + Poultry manure

T7 Curator + Inorganic fertilizer

T8 Cutator

T9 Compost (from another source without Trichoderma)

T10 Poultry manure

T11 Inorganic fertilizer

T12 Non Treated- control3/3/2012 37www.maxies.lk

Crop Growth at Different Stages


Treatments Number of Leaves Leaf length

Trichoderma + Maxies Agri

compost

12.89 a 4.325 a

Trichoderma incorporated Maxies Agri compost

had significant difference with regards to

number of leaves and leaf length

Trichoderma + poultry 10.55 b 3.95 b

Trichoderma + Inorganic

fertilizer

8.01 c 3.6 b

P>F .0001 .0002

In a column means followed by the same letter are not

significant at p = 0.053/3/2012 39www.maxies.lk

Growth differences at same stage

Inorganic

Maxies Agri

compost

& Trichoderma

Curator + inorganic

fertilizer

Inorganic

fertilizer


Treatments Stalk length Root Length Number of

Roots

Trichoderma + Maxies Agri

compost

14.25 a 5.17 a 11.24a

Trichoderma + Poultry litter 11.55 b 2.85 b 5.23 b

Trichoderma + Inorganic fertilizers 8.24 c 2.53 b 4.56 b

Trichoderma incorporated Maxies Agri compost had significant

effect on stalk length, root length and number of roots.

Curator + Poultry litter 10.39 d 4.33 c 7.25 c

Curator + Inorganic fertilizer 12.24 d 3.89 c 7.36 c

Curator + Maxies Agri Compost 10.98 d 3.25 c 8.20 c

Non treated 11.78 d 2.60 d 5.20 d

Pr > F .002 .0001 .0001

In a column means followed by the same letter are

not significant at p = 0.053/3/2012 41www.maxies.lk

Treatments Root gall percentage

Trichoderma + Maxies Agri compost 12.07 a

Trichoderma + Poultry litter 24.24 b

Trichoderma + Inorganic fertilizers 33.71 c

Trichoderma incorporated Maxies Agri compost and Curator

incorporated poultry manure had significant reduction on root

gall percentage.

Trichoderma + Inorganic fertilizers 33.71 c

Curator + Poultry litter 15.67 d

Curator + Inorganic fertilizer 20.04 e

Curator + Maxies Agri Compost 22.74 e

Non treated 34.93 f

Pr > F .0001

In a column means followed by same letter are not

significant at p = 0.053/3/2012 42www.maxies.lk

Comparison of root gall formation

Maxies Agri compost + Trichoderma treatment Inorganic fertilizer + Curator treatment


0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

Yie

ld K

g/m

2Variation of Top Fresh Weight

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7 T8 T9 T10 T11 T12

Treatments

Yie

ld K

g/m


Economic AnalysisTreatments Yield

MT/Ha

(1st Harvest)

Gross

Income

(Rs.)

Initial cost

(RS.)

Profit (Rs.)

Trichoderma +

Maxies Agri compost

15 375000 120000 255000

Trichoderma+ Poultry

litter

11.5 287500 90000 197500

Trichoderma+

Inorganic fertilizer

11 275000 75000 200000

Curator +

Maxies Agri Compost

8.3 207000 130250 66750

Curator + Poultry litter 8 200000 100250 99750

Curator +

Inorganic fertilizer

11.7 292500 35250 257250

Compost from another

source

7.5 187500 120000 67500

Poultry litter 7.4 185000 90000 95000

Ino.fertilizer 7.3 182500 25000 1575003/3/2012 45www.maxies.lk

� Trichoderma had better impact with regards to growth

parameters

Increase No.of leaves

Increase stalk length

Increase leaf length

Increase root length

Increase no. of roots

� Trichoderma had nematicidal effects on Gotukola

� Curator had nematicidal property on Gotukola

but...Environmental & health hazards


�Trichoderma with Maxies Agri Compost significantly

increase the fresh weight of top harvests.

�With regards to first harvest, curator with inorganic

fertilizer and Trichoderma with Maxies Agri compostfertilizer and Trichoderma with Maxies Agri compost

had similar economical importance.

�Trichoderma enhances the beneficial effects with

organic matter rich media


Documents

Copy of Maxies Agri Compost addition to... · Maxies Agri compost this is value ... View of a part of the coconut plantation shown in the previous slide ... Centella asiatica.L to