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INTRODUCTION TO MICROCONTROLLER

Introduction

Circumstances that we find ourselves in today in the field of microcontrollers had theirbeginnings in the development of technology of integrated circuits. This developmenthas made it possible to store hundreds of thousands of transistors into one chip. Thatwas a prerequisite for production of microprocessors, and the first computers weremade by adding external peripherals such as memory, input-output lines, timers andother. Further increasing of the volume of the package resulted in creation of integratedcircuits. These integrated circuits contained both processor and peripherals. That is howthe first chip containing a microcomputer, or what would later be known as amicrocontroller came about.

History

It was year 1969, and a team of Japanese engineers from the BUSICOM companyarrived to United States with a request that a few integrated circuits for calculatorsbe made using their projects. The proposition was set to INTEL, and Marcian Hoffwas responsible for the project. Since he was the one who has had experience inworking with a computer (PC) PDP8, it occured to him to suggest a fundamentallydifferent solution instead of the suggested construction. This solution presumed that

the function of the integrated circuit is determined by a program stored in it. Thatmeant that configuration would be more simple, but that it would require far morememory than the project that was proposed by Japanese engineers would require.After a while, though Japanese engineers tried finding an easier solution, Marcian'sidea won, and the first microprocessor was born. In transforming an idea into aready made product , Frederico Faggin was a major help to INTEL. He transferred toINTEL, and in only 9 months had succeeded in making a product from its firstconception. INTEL obtained the rights to sell this integral block in 1971. First, theybought the license from the BUSICOM company who had no idea what treasure theyhad. During that year, there appeared on the market a microprocessor called 4004.That was the first 4-bit microprocessor with the speed of 6 000 operations per

second. Not long after that, American company CTC requested from INTEL andTexas Instruments to make an 8-bit microprocessor for use in terminals. Eventhough CTC gave up this idea in the end, Intel and Texas Instruments kept workingon the microprocessor and in April of 1972, first 8-bit microprocessor appeard on themarket under a name 8008. It was able to address 16Kb of memory, and it had 45instructions and the speed of 300 000 operations per second. That microprocessorwas the predecessor of all today's microprocessors. Intel kept their developments upin April of 1974, and they put on the market the 8-bit processor under a name 8080


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which was able to address 64Kb of memory, and which had 75 instructions, and theprice began at $360.In another American company Motorola, they realized quicklywhat was happening, so they put out on the market an 8-bit microprocessor 6800.Chief constructor was Chuck Peddle, and along with the processor itself, Motorolawas the first company to make other peripherals such as 6820 and 6850. At that

time many companies recognized greater importance of microprocessors and begantheir own developments.

Chuck Peddle leaved Motorola to join MOS Technology and kept workingintensively on developing microprocessors.At the WESCON exhibit in United Statesin 1975, a critical event took place in the history of microprocessors. The MOSTechnology announced it was marketing microprocessors 6501 and 6502 at $25each, which buyers could purchase immediately. This was so sensational that manythought it was some kind of a scam, considering that competitors were selling 8080and 6800 at $179 each. As an answer to its competitor, both Intel and Motorolalowered their prices on the first day of the exhibit down to $69.95 per

microprocessor. Motorola quickly brought suit against MOS Technology and ChuckPeddle for copying the protected 6800. MOS Technology stopped making 6501, butkept producing 6502. The 6502 was a 8-bit microprocessor with 56 instructions anda capability of directly addressing 64Kb of memory. Due to low cost , 6502 becomesvery popular, so it was installed into computers such as: KIM-1, Apple I, Apple II,Atari, Comodore, Acorn, Oric, Galeb, Orao, Ultra, and many others. Soon appearedseveral makers of 6502 (Rockwell, Sznertek, GTE, NCR, Ricoh, and Comodoretakes over MOS Technology) which was at the time of its prosperity sold at a rate of15 million processors a year!Others were not giving up though. Frederico Fagginleaves Intel, and starts his own Zilog Inc.In 1976 Zilog announced the Z80. Duringthe making of this microprocessor, Faggin made a pivotal decision. Knowing that agreat deal of programs have been already developed for 8080, Faggin realized thatmany would stay faithful to that microprocessor because of great expenditure whichredoing of all of the programs would result in.

Thus he decided that a new processor had to be compatible with 8080, or that ithad to be capable of performing all of the programs which had already been writtenfor 8080. Beside these characteristics, many new ones have been added, so thatZ80 was a very powerful microprocessor in its time. It was able to address directly64 Kb of memory, it had 176 instructions, a large number of registers, a built inoption for refreshing the dynamic RAM memory, single-supply, greater speed ofwork etc. Z80 was a great success and everybody converted from 8080 to Z80. Itcould be said that Z80 was without a doubt commercially most successful 8-bitmicroprocessor of that time. Besides Zilog, other new manufacturers like Mostek,NEC, SHARP, and SGS also appeared. Z80 was the heart of many computers likeSpectrum, Partner, TRS703, Z-3 . In 1976, Intel came up with an improved versionof 8-bit microprocessor named 8085. However, Z80 was so much better that Intelsoon lost the battle. Altough a few more processors appeared on the market (6809,


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2650, SC/MP etc.), everything was actually already decided. There weren't any moregreat improvements to make manufacturers convert to something new, so 6502 andZ80 along with 6800 remained as main representatives of the 8-bit microprocessorsof that time.

Microcontrollers versus Microprocessors

Microcontroller differs from a microprocessor in many ways. First and the mostimportant is its functionality. In order for a microprocessor to be used, othercomponents such as memory, or components for receiving and sending data mustbe added to it. In short that means that microprocessor is the very heart of thecomputer. On the other hand, microcontroller is designed to be all of that in one. Noother external components are needed for its application because all necessaryperipherals are already built into it. Thus, we save the time and space needed toconstruct devices.


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PINOUTS OF PIC16F877A


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FEATURES OF PIC16F72 MICROCONTROLLER

DEVICE OVERVIEWThis document contains device specific information about the following devices: PIC16F873A PIC16F874A PIC16F876A PIC16F877A

PIC16F873A/876A devices are available only in 28-pin packages, whilePIC16F874A/877A devices are available in 40-pin and 44-pin packages. All devices inthePIC16F87XA family share common architecture with the following differences:

The PIC16F873A and PIC16F874A have one-half of the total on-chip memory of thePIC16F876A and PIC16F877A

The 28-pin devices have three I/O ports, while the 40/44-pin devices have five The 28-pin devices have fourteen interrupts, while the 40/44-pin devices have fifteen The 28-pin devices have five A/D input channels, while the 40/44-pin devices haveeight The Parallel Slave Port is implemented only on the 40/44-pin devices

The available features are summarized in Table 1-1. Block diagrams of thePIC16F873A/876A andPIC16F874A/877A devices are provided in Figure 1-1 and Figure 1-2, respectively. Thepin outs for these device families are listed in Table 1-2 and Table 1-3. Additionalinformation may be found in the PICmicro Mid-Range Reference Manual (DS33023),

which may be obtained from your local Microchip Sales Representative or downloadedfrom the Microchip web site. The Reference Manual should be considered acomplementary document to this data sheet and is highly recommended reading for abetter understanding of the device architecture and operation of the peripheral modules.

High-Performance RISC CPU: Only 35 single-word instructions to learn All single-cycle instructions except for program branches, which are two-cycle Operating speed: DC 20 MHz clock input DC 200 ns instruction cycle Up to 8K x 14 words of Flash Program Memory, Up to 368 x 8 bytes of Data Memory

(RAM), Up to 256 x 8 bytes of EEPROM Data Memory Pin out compatible to other 28-pin or 40/44-pin PIC16CXXX and PIC16FXXXmicrocontrollers

Peripheral Features: Timer0: 8-bit timer/counter with 8-bit prescaler


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Timer1: 16-bit timer/counter with prescaler, can be incremented during Sleep viaexternal Crystal /clock Timer2: 8-bit timer/counter with 8-bit period register, prescaler and postscaler Two Capture, Compare, PWM modules

- Capture is 16-bit, max. Resolution is 12.5 ns

- Compare is 16-bit, max. Resolution is 200 ns- PWM max. Resolution is 10-bit Synchronous Serial Port (SSP) with SPI(Master mode) and I2C (Master/Slave) Universal Synchronous Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter (USART/SCI) with 9-bitaddress detection Parallel Slave Port (PSP) 8 bits wide with external RD, WR and CS controls (40/44-pin only) Brown-out detection circuitry for Brown-out Reset (BOR)

Analog Features: 10-bit, up to 8-channel Analog-to-Digital Converter (A/D)

Brown-out Reset (BOR) Analog Comparator module with:- Two analog comparators- Programmable on-chip voltage reference(VREF) module- Programmable input multiplexing from device inputs and internal voltage

reference- Comparator outputs are externally accessible

Special Microcontroller Features: 100,000 erase/write cycle Enhanced Flash program memory typical 1,000,000 erase/write cycle Data EEPROM memory typical Data EEPROM Retention > 40 years Self-reprogrammable under software control In-Circuit Serial Programming (ICSP) via two pins Single-supply 5V In-Circuit Serial Programming Watchdog Timer(WDT) with its own on-chip RC oscillator for reliable operation Programmable code protection Power saving Sleep mode Selectable oscillator options In-Circuit Debug (ICD) via two pins

CMOS Technology: Low-power, high-speed Flash/EEPROM technology Fully static design Wide operating voltage range (2.0V to 5.5V) Commercial and Industrial temperature ranges Low-power consumption


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BLOCK DIAGRAM OF PIC16F877A


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SPECIAL FUNCTION REGISTERS FILE MAP


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PROGRAM MEMORY ORGANISATION


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ANALOG TO DIGITAL CONVERTER MODULE


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INSTRUCTION SETS

INSTRUCTION SET SUMMARY

Each PIC16CXX instruction is a 14-bit word divided into an OPCODE which specifies

the instruction type and one or more operands which further specify the operation of theinstruction. The PIC16CXX instruction set summary in Table 13-2 lists byte-oriented,bit-oriented, and literal and control operations. Table 13-1 shows the opcode fielddescriptions.For byte-oriented instructions, f represents a file register designator and d representsa destination designator.The file register designator specifies which file register is to be used by the instruction.The destination designator specifies where the result of the operation is to be placed. Ifd is zero, the result is placed in the W register. If d is one, the result is placed in thefile register specified in the instruction.For bit-oriented instructions, b represents a bit field designator which selects the

number of the bit affected by the operation, while f represents the number of the file inwhich the bit is located.For literal and control operations, k represents an eight or eleven bit constant orliteral value.

TABLE 13-1: OPCODE FIELDDESCRIPTIONS

The instruction set is highly orthogonal and is grouped into three basic categories: Byte-oriented operations Bit-oriented operations Literal and control operations


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All instructions are executed within one single instruction cycle, unless a conditional testis true or the program counter is changed as a result of an instruction.In this case, the execution takes two instruction cycles with the second cycle executedas a NOP. One instruction cycle consists of four oscillator periods. Thus, for anoscillator frequency of 4 MHz, the normal instruction execution time is 1 ms. If a

conditional test is true or the program counter is changed as a result of an instruction,the instruction execution time is 2 ms. Table 13-2 lists the instructions recognized by theMPASM assembler.Figure 13-1 shows the general formats that the instructions can have.

All examples use the following format to represent a hexadecimal number:0xhhwhere h signifies a hexadecimal digit.

FIGURE 13-1: GENERAL FORMAT FOR INSTRUCTIONS

A description of each instruction is available in thePICmicro Mid-Range Reference Manual, (DS33023)


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TABLE 13-2: PIC16CXXX INSTRUCTION SET

Note 1: When an I/O register is modified as a function of itself ( e.g., MOVF PORTB,1), the value used will be that value present on the pins themselves. For example, if thedata latch is 1 for a pin configured as input and is driven low by an external device, thedata will be written back with a 0.2: If this instruction is executed on the TMR0 register (and, where applicable, d = 1),the prescaler will be cleared if assigned to the Timer0 Module.3: If Program Counter (PC) is modified or a conditional test is true, the instructionrequires two cycles. The second cycle is executed as a NOP .


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INSTRUCTION SETS DESCRIPTION

ADDLW Add Literal and W

Syntax: [label] ADDLW kOperands: 0 < k 255Operation: (W) + k (W)Status Affected: C, DC, ZDescription: The contents of the W register are added to the eight bit literal k

and the result is placed in the W register.

ADDWF Add W and f

Syntax: [label] ADDWF f,d

Operands: 0 < f 127 d [0,1]Operation: (W) + (f) (destination)Status Affected: C, DC, ZDescription: Add the contents of the W register with register f. fd is , the

result is stored in the W register. Ifd is 1, the result is stored back inregister f.

ANDLW AND Literal with WSyntax: [label] ANDLW kOperands: 0 < k 255

Operation: (W) .AND. (k) (W)Status Affected: ZDescription: The contents of W register areAND e d with the eight bit literal 'k'.

The result is placed in the W register.

ANDWF AND W with fSyntax: [label] ANDWF f, dOperands: 0 < f 127 d [0,1]Operation: (W) .AND. (f) (destination)Status Affected: Z

Description: AND the W registers with register 'f'. Ifd is 0, the result is stored inthe W register. Ifd is 1, the result is stored back in register 'f'.

BCF Bit Clear fSyntax: [label] BCF f, bOperands: 0 < f 127 0 b 7Operation: 0 (f)


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Status Affected: NoneDescription: Bit 'b' in register 'f' is cleared.

BSF Bit Set fSyntax: [label] BSF f, b

Operands: 0 < f 1270 < b 7Operation: 1 (f)Status Affected: NoneDescription: Bit 'b' in register 'f' is set.

BTFSS Bit Test f, Skip if SetSyntax: [label] BTFSS f, bOperands: 0 < f 127

7

Operation: skip if (f) = 1Status Affected: NoneDescription: If bit b in register f is 0, the next instruction is executed. If bit b

is 1, then the next instruction is discarded and a NOP is executedinstead making this a 2TCY instruction.

BTFSC Bit Test, Skip if ClearSyntax: [label] BTFSC f, bOperands: 127

0 < b Operation: skip if (f) = 0Status Affected: NoneDescription: If bit b in register f is 1, the next instruction is executed. If bit b,

in register f, is 0, the next instruction is discarded, and NOP isexecuted instead, making this a 2TCY instruction.

CALL Call SubroutineSyntax: [label] CALL kOperands: 0 < k 2047Operation: (PC) + (PCLATH)Status Affected: NoneDescription: Call Subroutine. First, return address (PC+1) is pushed onto the

stack. The eleven bit immediate address is loaded into PC bits. The upper bits of the PC are loaded from PCLATH. CALLis a two cycle instruction.

CLRF Clear f


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Syntax: [label] CLRF fOperands: 127Operation:Status Affected: ZDescription: The contents of register f are cleared and the Z bit is set.

CLRW Clear WSyntax: [ label ] CLRWOperands: NoneOperation:Status Affected: ZDescription: W register is cleared. Zero bit (Z) is set.

CLRWDT Clear Watchdog Timer

Syntax: [ label ] CLRWDTOperands: NoneOperation:Status Affected: TO, PDDescription: CLRWDT instruction resets the Watchdog Timer. It also resets the

prescaler of the WDT. Status bits TO and PD are set.

COMF Complement fSyntax: [ label ] COMF f, dOperands:Operation:Status Affected: ZDescription: The contents of register f arecomplemented. If d is 0, the result is

stored in W. If d is 1, theresult is stored back in register f.

DECF Decrement fSyntax: [label] DECF f, dOperands:Operation: (f) -Status Affected: ZDescription: Decrement register f. If d is 0, the result is stored in the W

register. If d is 1, the result is storedback in register f.

DECFSZ Decrement f, Skip if 0Syntax: [ label ] DECFSZ f, dOperands:Operation: (f) - skip if result = 0


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Status Affected: NoneDescription: The contents of register f aredecremented. If d is 0, the result is

placed in the W register. Ifd is 1, the result is placed back inregister f. If the result is 1, the next instruction is executed. If theresult is 0, then a NOP is executed instead making it a 2TCY

instruction.

GOTO Unconditional BranchSyntax: [label] GOTO kOperands:Operation:Status Affected: NoneDescription: GOTO is an unconditional branch. The eleven bit immediate value

is loaded into PC bits . The upper bits of PC are loaded from

PCLATH. GOTO is a two cycle instruction.

INCF Increment fSyntax: [label] INCF f, dOperands:Operation:Status Affected: ZDescription: The contents of register f areincremented. If d is 0, the result is

placed in the W register. If d is 1, the result is placed back inregister f.

INCFSZ Increment f, Skip if 0Syntax: [ label ] INCFSZ f,dOperands:Operation: skip if result = 0Status Affected: NoneDescription: The contents of register f are incremented. If d is 0, the result is

placed in the W register. If d is 1, the result is placed back inregister f. If the result is 1, the next instruction is executed. If theresult is 0, a NOP is executed instead making it a 2TCY instruction.

IORLW Inclusive OR Literal with WSyntax: [ label ] IORLW kOperands:Operation:Status Affected: Z


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Description: The contents of the W register are ORed with the eight bit literal 'k'.The result is placed in the W register.

IORWF Inclusive OR W with fSyntax: [ label ] IORWF f,d

Operands:Operation:Status Affected: ZDescription: Inclusive OR the W register with register 'f'. If 'd' is 0 the result is

placed in the W register. If 'd' is 1 the result is placed back inregister 'f'.

MOVF Move fSyntax: [ label ] MOVF f,dOperands:Operation:

Status Affected: ZDescription: The contents of register f are moved to a destination dependantupon the status of d. If d = 0, destination is W register. If d = 1, thedestination is file register f itself. d = 1 is useful to test a file registersince status flag Z is affected.

MOVLW Move Literal to WSyntax: [ label ] MOVLW kOperands:Operation:Status Affected: NoneDescription: The eight bit literal 'k' is loaded into W register. The dont cares will

assemble as 0s.

MOVWF Move W to fSyntax: [ label ] MOVWF fOperands:Operation:Status Affected: NoneDescription: Move data from W register to register 'f'.

NOP No OperationSyntax: [ label ] NOPOperands: NoneOperation: No operationStatus Affected: NoneDescription: No operation

RETFIE Return from InterruptSyntax: [label ] RETFIE


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Operands: NoneOperation: TOS 1Status Affected: None

RETLW Return with Literal in W

Syntax: [label] RETLW kOprands:Operation:Status Affected: NoneDescription: The W register is loaded with the eight bit literal k. The program

counter is loaded from the top of the stack (the return address).Thisis a two cycle instruction.

RETURN Return from SubroutineSyntax: [ label ] RETURNOperands: None

Operation:Status Affected: NoneDescription: Return from subroutine. The stack is POPed and the top of the

stack (TOS) is loaded into the program counter. This is a two cycleinstruction.

RLF Rotate Left f through CarrySyntax: [ label ] RLF f,dOperands:Operation: See description belowStatus Affected: CDescription: The contents of register f are rotated one bit to the left through the

Carry Flag. If d is 0, the result is placed in the W register. If d is 1,the result is stored back in register f.

RRF Rotate Right f through CarrySyntax: [ label ] RRF f,dOperands:Operation: See description belowStatus Affected: CDescription: The contents of register f are rotated one bit to the right through

the Carry Flag. If d is 0, the resultis placed in the W register. If dis 1, the result is placed back in register f.

SLEEPSyntax: [ label ] SLEEPOperands: NoneOperation: 1Status Affected: TO, PD


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Description: The power-down status bit, PD is cleared. Time-out status bit, TO sset. Watchdog Timer and its prescaler are cleared. The processoris put into SLEEP mode with the oscillator stopped.

SUBLW Subtract W from Literal

Syntax: [ label ] SUBLW kOperands:Operation: k -Status Affected: C, DC, ZDescription: The W register is subtracted (2s complement method) from the

eight bit literal 'k'. The result is placed in the W register.

SUBWF Subtract W from fSyntax: [ label ] SUBWF f,dOperands:Operation: (f) -

Status Affected: C, DC, ZDescription: Subtract (2s complement method) W register from register 'f'. If d'is 0, the result is stored in the W register. If 'd' is 1, the result isstored back in register 'f'.

SWAPF Swap Nibbles in fSyntax: [ label ] SWAPF f,dOperands:Operation: )Status Affected: NoneDescription: The upper and lower nibbles of register 'f' are exchanged. f 'd' is 0,

the result is placed in W register If 'd' is 1, the result is placed in bregister 'f'.

XORLW Exclusive OR Literal with WSyntax: [label] XORLW kOperands:Operation:Status Affected: ZDescription: The contents of the W register are XORed with the eight bit literal

'k'. The result is placed in the W register.

XORWF Exclusive OR W with f

Syntax: [label] XORWF f,dOperands:Operation:Status Affected: ZDescription: Exclusive OR the contents of theW register with register 'f'. If 'd' is

0, the result is stored in the W register. If 'd' is 1, the result is storedback in register 'f'.


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DEVELOPMENT TOOLS OF MICROCONTROLLER

DEVELOPMENT SUPPORTThe PICmicro microcontrollers are supported with a full range of hardware andsoftware development tools:

Integrated Development Environment- MPLAB IDE Software Assemblers/Compilers/Linkers- MPASM Assembler- MPLAB-C17 and MPLAB-C18 C Compilers- MPLINK/MPLIB Linker/Librarian Simulators- MPLAB-SIM Software Simulator Emulators- MPLAB- -Time In-Circuit Emulator- PICMASTER/PICMASTER-CE In-Circuit

Emulator- ICEPIC In-Circuit Debugger- MPLAB-ICD for PIC16F877 Device Programmers-- -Level PrototypeProgrammer Low-Cost Demonstration Boards- SIMICE- PICDEM-1

- PICDEM-2- PICDEM-3- PICDEM-17- SEEVAL- KEELOQ

1. MPLAB Integrated DevelopmentEnvironment SoftwareThe MPLAB IDE software brings an ease of software development previously unseen inthe 8- -based application which

contains: Multiple functionality- editor- simulator- programmer (sold separately)- emulator (sold separately)

A full featured editor A project manager


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Customizable tool bar and key mapping A status bar On-line help MPLAB allows you to: Edit your source files (either assembly or C)

One touch assembles (or compile) and download to PICmicro tools (automatically

updates all project information) Debug using: - source files - absolute listing file - object code The ability to useMPLAB with Microchips simulator, MPLAB-SIM, allows a consistent platform and theability to easily switch from the cost-effective simulator to the full featured emulator withminimal retraining.

2. MPASM AssemblerMPASM is a full featured universal macro assembler for all PICmicro MCUs. It canproduce absolute code directly in the form of HEX files for device programmers, or itcan generate relocatable objects for MPLINK. MPASM has a command line interface

and a Windows shell and can be used as a standalone application on a Windows 3.x orgreater system. MPASM generates relocatable object files, Intel standard HEX files,MAP files to detail memory usage and symbol reference, an absolute LST file whichcontains source lines and generated machine code, and a COD file for MPLABdebugging. MPASM features include: MPASM and MPLINK are integrated intoMPLAB projects. MPASM allows user defined macros to be created for streamlinedassembly. MPASM allows conditional assembly for multi purpose source files. MPASM directives allow complete control over the assembly process.

3. MPLAB-C17 and MPLAB-C18C CompilersThe MPLAB-C17 and MPLAB-C18 Code Development Systems are complete ANSI Ccompilers and integrated development environments for Microchips PIC17CXXX andPIC18CXXX family of microcontrollers, respectively. These compilers provide powerfulintegration capabilities and ease of use not found with other compilers. For easiersource level debugging, the compilers provide symbol information that is compatiblewith the MPLAB IDE memory display.

4. MPLINK/MPLIB Linker/LibrarianMPLINK is a relocatable linker for MPASM and MPLAB-C17 and MPLAB-C18. It canlink relocatable objects from assembly or C source files along with precompiled librariesusing directives from a linker script. MPLIB is a librarian for pre-compiled code to beused with MPLINK. When a routine from a library is called from another source file, onlythe modules that contains that routine will be linked in with the application. This allowslarge libraries to be used efficiently in many different applications. MPLIB manages thecreation and modification of library files. MPLINK features include: MPLINK works withMPASM and MPLAB-C17 and MPLAB-C18. MPLINK allows all memory areas to bedefined as sections to provide link-time flexibility


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MPLIB features include: MPLIB makes linking easier because single libraries can beincluded instead of many smaller files. MPLIB helps keep code maintainable bygrouping related modules together. MPLIB commands allow libraries to be created andmodules to be added, listed, replaced, deleted, or extracted.

5. MPLAB-SIM Software SimulatorThe MPLAB-SIM Software Simulator allows code development in a PC hostenvironment by simulating the PICmicro series microcontrollers on an instruction level.On any given instruction, the data areas can be examined or modified and stimuli canbe applied from a file or user-defined key press to any of the pins. The execution can beperformed in single step, execute until break, or trace mode.MPLAB-SIM fully supportssymbolic debugging using MPLAB-C17 and MPLAB-C18 and MPASM. The SoftwareSimulator offers the flexibility to develop and debug code outside of the laboratoryenvironment making it an excellent multi-project software development tool.

MPLAB-ICE High PerformanceUniversal In-Circuit Emulator withMPLAB IDE

The MPLAB-ICE Universal In-Circuit Emulator is intended to provide the productdevelopment engineer with a complete microcontroller design tool set for PICmicromicrocontrollers (MCUs). Software control of MPLAB-ICE is provided by the MPLABIntegratedDevelopment Environment (IDE), which allows editing, make and download, andsource debugging from a single environment. Interchangeable processor modules allowthe system to be easily reconfigured for emulation of different processors. The universalarchitecture of the MPLAB-ICE allows expansion to support new PICmicro

microcontrollers.The MPLAB-ICE Emulator System has been designed as a real-time emulation systemwith advanced features that are generally found on more expensive development tools.The PC platform and Microsoft Windows 3.x/95/98 environment were chosen to bestmake these features available to you, the end user. MPLAB-ICE 2000 is a full-featuredemulator system with enhanced trace, trigger, and data monitoring features. Bothsystems use the same processor modules and will operate across the full operatingspeed range of the PICmicro MCU.

7. PICMASTER/PICMASTER CEThe PICMASTER system from Microchip Technology is a full-featured, professionalquality emulator system. This flexible in-circuit emulator provides a high-quality,universal platform for emulating Microchip 8-bit PICmicro microcontrollers (MCUs).PICMASTER systems are sold worldwide, with a CE compliant model available forEuropean Union (EU) countries.

8. ICEPIC


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ICEPIC is a low-cost in-circuit emulation solution for the Microchip TechnologyPIC16C5X, PIC16C6X, PIC16C7X, and PIC16CXXX families of 8-bit one-timeprogrammable (OTP) microcontrollers. The modular system can support differentsubsets of PIC16C5X or PIC16CXXX products through the use of interchangeablepersonality modules or daughter boards. The emulator is capable of emulating without

target application circuitry being present.

9. MPLAB-ICD In-Circuit DebuggerMicrochips In-Circuit Debugger, MPLAB-ICD, is a powerful, low-cost run-timedevelopment tool. This tool is based on the flash PIC16F877 and can be used todevelop for this and other PICmicro microcontrollers from the PIC16CXXX family.MPLAB-ICD utilizes the In-Circuit Debugging capability built into the PIC16F87X. Thisfeature, along with Microchips In-Circuit Serial Programming protocol, offers cost-effective in-circuit flash programming and debugging from the graphical user interface ofthe MPLAB Integrated Development Environment. This enables a designer to develop

and debug source code by watching variables, single-stepping and setting break points.Running atfull speed enables testing hardware in real-time. TheMPLAB-ICD is also aprogrammer for the flash PIC16F87X family.

10. PRO MATE II Universal ProgrammerThe PRO MATE II Universal Programmer is a full-featured programmer capable ofoperating in stand-alone mode as well as PC-hosted mode. PRO MATE II is CEcompliant. The PRO MATE II has programmable VDD and VPP supplies which allow itto verify programmed memory at VDD min and VDD max for maximum reliability. It hasan LCD display for instructions and error messages, keys to enter commands and amodular detachable socket assembly to support various package types. In stand-alonemode the PRO MATE II can read, verify or program PICmicro devices. It can also setcode-protectbits in this mode.

11. PICSTART Plus Entry Level Development SystemThe PICSTART programmer is an easy-to-use, lowcost prototype programmer. Itconnects to the PC via one of the COM (RS-232) ports. MPLAB IntegratedDevelopment Environment software makes using the programmer simple and efficient.PICSTART Plus supports all PICmicro devices with up to 40 pins. Larger pin countdevices such as the PIC16C92X, and PIC17C76X may be supported withan adaptersocket. PICSTART Plus is CE compliant.

12. SIMICE Entry-Level Hardware SimulatorSIMICE is an entry-level hardware development system designed to operate in a PC-based environment with Microchips simulator MPLAB-SIM. Both SIMICE and MPLAB-SIM run under Microchip Technologys MPLAB Integrated Development Environment(IDE) software. Specifically, SIMICE provides hardware simulation for Microchips


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PIC12C5XX, PIC12CE5XX, and PIC16C5X families of PICmicro 8-bit microcontrollers.SIMICE works in conjunction with MPLAB-SIM to provide non-real-time I/O portemulation. SIMICE enables a developer to run simulator code for driving the targetsystem. In addition, the target system can provide input to the simulator code. Thiscapability allows for simple and interactive debugging without having to manually

generate MPLAB-SIM stimulus files. SIMICE is a valuable debugging tool for entry-levelsystem development.

13. PICDEM-1 Low-Cost PICmicro Demonstration BoardThe PICDEM-1 is a simple board which demonstrates the capabilities of several ofMicrochips microcontrollers. The microcontrollers supported are: PIC16C5X (PIC16C54to PIC16C58A), PIC16C61, PIC16C62X, PIC16C71, PIC16C8X, PIC17C42, PIC17C43and PIC17C44. All necessary hardware and software is included to run basic demoprograms. The users can program the sample microcontrollers provided with thePICDEM-1 board, on a PRO MATE II or PICSTART-Plus programmer, and easily test

firmwareThe user can also connect the PICDEM-1 board to the MPLAB-ICE emulator anddownload the firmware to the emulator for testing. Additional prototype area is availablefor the user to build some additional hardware and connect it to the microcontrollersocket(s). Some of the features include an RS-232 interface, a potentiometer forsimulated analog input, push-button switches and eight LEDs connected to PORTB.

14. PICDEM-2 Low-Cost PIC16CXX Demonstration BoardThe PICDEM-2 is a simple demonstration board that supports the PIC16C62,PIC16C64, PIC16C65, PIC16C73 and PIC16C74 microcontrollers. All the necessaryhardware and software is included to run the basic demonstration programs. The usercan program the sample microcontrollers provided with the PICDEM-2 board, on a PROMATE II programmer or PICSTART-Plus, and easily test firmware. The MPLAB-ICEemulator may also be used with the PICDEM-2 board to test firmware. Additionalprototype area has been provided to the user for adding additional hardware andconnecting it to the microcontroller socket(s). Some of the features include a RS-232interface, push-button switches, a potentiometer for simulated analog input, a SerialEEPROM to demonstrate usage of the I2C bus and separate headers for connection toan LCD module and a keypad.

15. PICDEM-3 Low-Cost PIC16CXXX Demonstration Board

The PICDEM-3 is a simple demonstration board that supports the PIC16C923 andPIC16C924 in the PLCC package. It will also support future 44-pin PLCCmicrocontrollers with a LCD Module. All the necessary hardware and software isincluded to run the basic demonstration programs. The user can program the samplemicrocontrollers provided with the PICDEM-3 board, on a PRO MATE II programmer orPICSTART Plus with an adapter socket, and easily test firmware. The MPLAB-ICEemulator may also be used with the PICDEM-3 board to test firmware. Additional


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prototype area has been provided to the user for adding hardware and connecting it tothe microcontroller socket(s). Some of the features include an RS-232 interface, push-button switches, a potentiometer for simulated analog input, a thermistor and separateheaders for connection to an external LCD module and a keypad. Also provided on thePICDEM-3 board is an LCD panel, with 4 commons and 12 segments, that is capable of

displaying time, temperature and day of the week. The PICDEM-3 provides anadditional RS-232 interface and Windows 3.1 software for showing the demultiplexedLCD signals on a PC. A simple serial interface allows the user to construct a hardwaredemultiplexer for the LCD signals.

16. PICDEM-17The PICDEM-17 is an evaluation board that demonstrates the capabilities of severalMicrochip microcontrollers, including PIC17C752, PIC17C756, PIC17C762, andPIC17C766. All necessary hardware is included to run basic demo programs, which aresupplied on a 3.5-inch disk. A programmed sample is included, and the user may erase

it and program it with the other sample programs using the PRO MATE II or PICSTARTPlus device programmers and easily debug and test the sample code. In addition,PICDEM-17 supports down-loading of programs to and executing out of externalFLASH memory on board. The PICDEM-17 is also usable with the MPLAB-ICE orPICMASTER emulator, and all of the sample programs can be run and modified usingeither emulator. Additionally, a generous prototype area is available for user hardware.

17. SEEVAL Evaluation and Programming SystemThe SEEVAL SEEPROM Designers Kit supports all Microchip 2-wire and 3-wire SerialEPROMs. The kit includes everything necessary to read, write, erase or program

reliability calculations. The total kit can significantly reduce time-to-market and result inan optimized system.

18. KEELOQ Evaluation and Programming ToolsKEELOQ evaluation and programming tools support Microchips HCS Secure DataProducts. The HCS evaluation kit includes an LCD display to show changing codes, adecoder to decode transmissions, and a programming interface to program testtransmitters.


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MICROCONTROLLER PROGRAM

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