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Andreas Behrendt, „Supersites“
COPS “ Supersites“
Andreas Behrendt , Volker Wulfmeyer
Ulrich Corsmeier, Leonhard Gantner, Christian Barthlott
• Goals
• Strategy
• Performance simulations of remote sensing instrumentation
Orographically induced convection
Andreas Behrendt, „Supersites“
Goal of COPS:Provide a 4-d set of key variables
in a low-mountain region(and around)
for testing hypotheseson the improvement of QPF
Responsibility of Hohenheim University1) Set up of a project office and a steering committee
2) Scientific performance analysis of advanced remote sensing systems3) Perform international workshops
and prepare a Scientific Overview Document and an Operations Plan
Responsibility of Karlsruhe University1) Extensive LM analyses of different precipitation events2) Develop preliminary hypotheses for improving QPF in NWP3) Suggest targeting of key processes to be investigated
Priorities? Optimum strategies?
Andreas Behrendt, „Supersites“
Cloud radars
Ka- or W-band ν = 35 – 95 GHz, λ ≈ 9 – 3 mm� Particle reflectivity factor,
depolarisation (→ liquid/ice), LOS velocityin clouds
Precipitation radars
X-, C- or S-band, ν = 2 – 10 GHz, λ ≈ 15 – 3 cm, �Reflectivity factor, LOS velocity, refractivity
in precipitation
Lidars
λ ≈ 0.3 – 2 µm, ν = 1015 – 1.5×1014
Hz� αpar, βpar, δ (→ liquid/ice),
q, T, LOS wind in clear air, aerosol layers and in thin clouds
Multi-wavelength remote sensing
MW and FTIR radiometers � LWC, q, T, ...
Complementary and synergetic!
Andreas Behrendt, „Supersites“
Lidar – Light detection and ranging
Time (Number of profiles)
Hei
gh
t(k
m a
.g.l.
)
1000 Profiles = 33 s
26.6.2004 ca. 10.20 LT, Central Stuttgart
UHOH Lidar: range-corrected backscatter signal at 1064 nm, ∆z = 3 m, ∆t = 1/30 s
Performance simulations: input LM 2.8 km data, no parameterization of convection
„ Clear-air“ component -> characterization of pre-convective fields & LOS fields around clouds
Measured parameters:• Optical properties of aerosols and cloud particles: Backscatter, Raman, Depolarization• H2O concentration/mixing ratio: H2O DIAL, Raman lidar• T: Rotational Raman lidar• LOS-vector wind: Doppler lidar
RH, CAPE, CIN, fluxes
Andreas Behrendt, „Supersites“
Andreas Behrendt, „Supersites“
Orography of the Northern Black Forrest
Typical region for initialization of convective cells
Andreas Behrendt, „Supersites“
Performance simulations: input LM 2.8 km data, no parameterization of convection
Cloud liquid water content & vert. wind Spec. humidity & vert. wind
Orography & horiz. wind Precip
Andreas Behrendt, „Supersites“
8. 8.5 9.Lon , deg E
1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.
10.11.12.
thgieH
a.s.
l.,mk
LM 2.8 km: LOS wind
8. 8.5 9.Lon , deg E
1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.
10.11.12.
thgieH
a.s.
l.,mk
LM 2.8 km: LOS wind
�60 �40 �20 0 20T, deg C
0
5
10
15
20
egnaR
,mk
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14H2O Mix. Rat ., g�kg
0
5
10
15
20
egnaR
,mk
�1 �0.5 0 0.5 1LOS wind, m�s
0
5
10
15
20
egnaR
,mk
0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05QC Cl, g�kg
0
5
10
15
20
egnaR
,mk
T
qliquidqvapor
wLOS
Performance simulation
Example:Ground-based lidars at „supersite“Location: near HornisgrindeRHI scans19 June 2002
� extinction
Lat = 48.5 deg N
Lidar
Andreas Behrendt, „Supersites“
Vertical wind (colors)
m/s
Line-of-sight wind (colors)
Water vapor mixing ratio Temperature gradient dT/dz + 9.81 K/km
q, g/kg
�1.
�0.8
�0.6
�0.4
�0.2
0.
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.
m/s
K/km
Performance simulationsGround-based lidars at „supersite“; Location: near HornisgrindeRHI scans; 19 June 2002 13:30 – 17:30 UTC
Andreas Behrendt, „Supersites“
�1.
�0.8
�0.6
�0.4
�0.2
0.
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.
m/s
Cloud Doppler-Radar
Doppler Lidar
Performance simulationsLocation: near HornisgrindeRHI scans; 19 June 2002 13:30 – 17:30 UTC
Andreas Behrendt, „Supersites“
100 km
Andreas Behrendt, „Supersites“