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Coordenadoria de Serviços Técnicos

Catalogação da Publicação na Fonte. UFRN / Biblioteca Central Zila Mamede

Funcionalismo e ensino de gramática [recurso eletrônico] / organizadoras

Maria Angélica Furtado da Cunha, Maria Alice Tavares. – 1. ed. –

Natal , RN : EDUFRN, 2016.223 p. : PDF ; 1,6 Mb

Modo de acesso: <www.edufrn.ufrn.br>

ISBN 978-85-425-0632-7

1. Língua portuguesa – Gramática. 2. Funcionalismo (Linguística). I.

Cunha, Maria Angélica Furtado da. II. Tavares, Maria Alice.

CDD 469.5

RN/UF/BCZM 2016/58 CDU 81’36

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pela gramática normativa, mas podem ser justicadas invocando--se o subprincípio icônico da quantidade, ao qual se vincula sua

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parece vacilar entre a exão ou não do adjetivo que apresenta umnovo funcionamento discursivo. Embora se reram 2. 7#**#.5

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neolatinas, o português classica os substantivos em1#*/-0$.)* B <21$.$.)*E @2L BTB/?2M 6B : DB4.3.B/43 3 A/F_?B6B .B /8D34/3R bilidade da categoria de gênero, devido ao fechamento dicotô-L/<2 BL L36<>;/82 B TBL/8/82M ?3LN:L 6B L26?43 DB4.3.B/43 3A/F_?B6B .B D34/3N/;/.3.B .36 T24L36 943L3?/<3/6M 4B6>;?38?B6 .BL2?/D30WB6 6BL\8?/<2RF439LV?/<36M F343 /8./<3012 .2 9Y8B42 82Rminal. Esse fenômeno cou evidenciado nas ocorrências aborda-.36 38?B4/24LB8?Ba 26 D2<VN>;26 F$*7) B *)0"#")M BO<;>6/D3LB8?B.2 9Y8B42 L36<>;/82M F24 T2403 .B F4B66WB6 <2L>8/<3?/D36M T243Lexionados no feminino para atender às exigências de uso com4BTB4Y8</3 326 /8./DK.>26 .2 6BO2 TBL/8/82E

@2L N36B 826 BOBLF;26 6>F43</?3.26M 3 3662</3012 B8?4BT24L3 B 6B8?/.2 : <;343LB8?B 4B<28AB<KDB;M 4BDB;38.2 26 F3F:/6/8BQ>KD2<26 Q>B 3 ./TB4B8</3012 L36<>;/82XTBL/8/82 2FB43</2R83;/I3M Q>38.2 3F;/<3.3 3 6>N6?38?/D26 .B ?4302 38/L3.2E %B6?B6M3 2F26/012 .B 9Y8B42 6B <244B;3</283 <2L 3 ./6?/8012 6BL\8?/<3.B 6BO26E &86/6?/L26 8B663 4B;3012 B8?4B 9Y8B42 943L3?/<3; B 9Y8BR42 N/2;_9/<2 e6BO2h 82 Q>B ./I 4B6FB/?2 3 6B4B6 6BO>3.26M Q>38.2 34B943 L24T2;_9/<3 .B 9Y8B42 : 6/L>;?38B3LB8?B 3</283.3E

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@2442N243 <2L B663 F26/012 '382??2 e*ffpM FE pihM Q>Barma ser inegável a ligação entre gênero e sexo “para os subs-tantivos femininos resultantes ou de exão que se oponha a mas-<>;/82 el;2N2 O ;2N3mh 2> .B 2>?42 F42<B662 Q>B BOF;/</?B 2 9Y8B42R6BRO2a l93;/8A3 O 93;2m e.B4/D3012hM lL>;AB4 O A2LBLm eAB?B428KL/3hcE

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e*fguM FE rRth .B<;343a@2L BTB/?2M ?43?38.2R6B .B 6>N6?38?/D26 38/Rmados não é incorreto armar-se que o mas-<>;/82 6B 4B;3</283 <2L 2 <28<B/?2 .B 6BO2L36<>;/82M B 2 TBL/8/82M <2L 2 <28<B/?2 .B6BO2 TBL/8/82 e2 A2LBLM 2 B6?>.38?BM 2 93?26B 2FWBLM .B8?42 .B66B F34\LB?42M 3 3 L>;AB4M3 B6?>.38?BM 3 93?3hE

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6BO2 .B Q>BL 6B T3;3d F24 /662 6B .BDB4/3 ;/RL/?VR;26 32 A2LBL B 326 38/L3/6d 8B66B <362Muma partícula distintiva seria suciente; não se.BDB4/3M F24:LM 3F;/<VR;3 .B L2.2 9B43; 3 ?2R.26 26 6B4B6E -O/6?B 8/662 >L .B63?/82M <28?432 Q>3; 2 AVN/?2 /LFB.B Q>B 826 4BD2;?BL26E

$ B66B 4B6FB/?2M B8<28?43L26 ?3LN:L BL GB6FB46B8 e*fpgM FE jush 3 6B9>/8?B BOF;/<3012a

b{EEE} BO/6?B8 L><A26 BPBLF;26 .B /8<2AB4B8R</3M 3Z8 36K ;3 <244BF28.B8</3 B8?4B L3<A2 yL36<>;/82M F24 >L ;3.2M y ABLN43 y TBLB8/R

no, por outro, es sucientemente fuerte como F343 Q>B 6/B8?3 3<?/D3LB8?BM y BOF4B6/28B6 Q>B3 DB<B6 628 8B<B634/36M {EEE}E ]24 B6?2M2X$*52 -.#

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Em função de uma descrição sincrônicapM /8?B4F4B?3?/D3M.B 83?>4BI3 Q>3;/?3?/D3M 812 6B 3.2?34V 3Q>/ >L ?43?3LB8?2 B6?3R

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$ F42F_6/?2M 3<B4<3 .B6636 <28?4/N>/0WB6 ?B_4/<36M ?BLR6B3 ./6?/8012 ?4/F34?/.3 .26 9Y8B426 BL 94B92 eL36<>;/82oTBL/8/82o8B>?42hM 3?4/N>K.3 3 ]42?V92436M >L .26 L3/6 38?/926 B 4B82L3.26sostas do séc. V a.C.

(B 3<24.2 <2L Hy286 e*fufhM $4/6?_?B;B6 <286B4D2> B663

tríplice classicação do gênero nominal nos estudos da gramá-?/<3 94B93E -8?4B?38?2M 32 Q>B ]42?V92436 <A3L3D3 .B b<2/636ce‚ ?B4<B/42 9Y8B42hM $4/6?_?B;B6 4B<28AB Q>B 3N4389/3 82LB6gramaticalmente masculinos ou femininos em grego, daí propôs2 ?B4L2 $.52%12"$4%$) F343 2 ?B4<B/42 9Y8B42E ]26?B4/24LB8?BM 282LB Q>B 812 B43 8BL L36<>;/82 8BL TBL/8/82 B;B .B82L/82>com uma palavra grega que signicava “nem um nem outro”,<>P3 ?43.>012 ;3?/83M .2-5%-1M 4B6>;?2> BL F24?>9>Y6 .2-5%)E

C2483R6B 2F24?>82 63;/B8?34 Q>B F34BB ?2.3 3 ./6<>6Rsão em torno da classicação do gênero gramatical nas línguasnaturais deita raízes no terreno da especulação losóca helênica.

Isto signica dizer que, ao entabular o questionamento das rela-0WB6 B8?4B b82LB6c B b<2/636cM 26 B6?>./2626 94B926 /8./4B?3LB8R?B B6?34/3L <2;2<38.2 BL F3>?3 36 .BL3/6 Q>B6?WB6 ;/89UK6?/<36

FB4?/8B8?B6 326 F;3826 .3 BOF4B6612 B .2 <28?BZ.2E

t @TE "2<A3 e*ffghE

p A opção pela descrição sincrônica do gênero se faz em função de um/)%7-* 4BF4B6B8?3?/D2 .3 ;/89>39BL A2./B483E [ _ND/2 Q>B 8B6?B ?43N3;A2M F248B<B66/.3.B BOF;383?_4/3M 6B412 TB/?36 N4BDB6 <286/.B430WB6 .B 24.BL A/6?_4/<3E

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Tomando a denição de gênero em sentido lato, entretanto,a distinção de sexo revela-se um parâmetro classicatório relativa-mente insuciente ou incompleto dentre os recursos alternativos.B Q>B 3 ;/89>39BL 6B >?/;/I3 F343 L38/TB6?34 <3?B924/I30WB6M F4/8R</F3;LB8?B BL 4B;3012 326 82LB6 .26 6B4B6 /838/L3.26 e8B>?426hMcuja classicação está marcada por arranjos semânticos improvisa-

dos, isto é, sem a sustentação de critérios plenamente justicáveis.]2.BL26 <2442N2434 B6?3 82663 F26/012 <2L BD/.Y8</36 BOR?43K.36 .B B6?>.26 4B3;/I3.26 F24 53??262 @\L343 e*fgfM FE *r*R*rghM 826 Q>3/6 </?3 26 3>?24B6 )<AL/.? e*fjphM J2FF e6o.hM JUA;B4e*frshM 5B/;;B? e*fj*hM GB6FB46B8 e*fjgh B C42LNB??/ e*fjrhE

)<AL/.? BOFWB Q>3?42 b<244B8?B6c Q>B ?B8.BL 3 24/B8?34uma classicação em gênero para os seres: (i)2!)&/ X ./D/.B 266B4B6 BL 38/L3.26 B /838/L3.26d e//h >#33+&/ X 6BF343 26 6B4B6BL 72**)#* eF42D/.26 .B 43I12h B /)$*#* e.B6F42D/.26 .B 43I12hde///h 3#?0&/ X .B?B4L/83 2 9Y8B42 L36<>;/82 B 2 TBL/8/82d e/Dh(0-#"&/ X <286/.B43 3 T24L3 ?389KDB; .26 6B4B6 B 3 F266/N/;/.3R

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53??262 e*fgfh 3.DB4?B Q>B 2 9Y8B42 82L/83; 3N4389BM

BL Q>3;Q>B4 ;K89>3M >L 8ZLB42 <286/.B4VDB; .B 82LB6 /8?42R.>I/.26 FB;26 F42<B6626 .B 383;29/3 <28DB8</283;M 6B8.2 L>/R?36 DBIB6 3F34B8?BLB8?B /83<B/?VDB/6 82 B6?>.2 <2LF343?/D2 .B.>36 2> L3/6 ;K89>36M .BD/.2 32 ;BQ>B .B ./TB4B8?B6 <4/?:4/26 .Bclassicação pertinentes a cada língua. Em haida, língua norte-R3LB4/<383 e/;A36 .3 "3/8A3 @34;2?3 B $;36<3h AV 83.3 LB826do que 36 classes nominais, caracterizadas por suxos típicos;

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as línguas africanas bântu têm múltiplos gêneros, com prexos<244B6F28.B8?B6M Q>B 612 ./6?/8?26 F343 <3.3 82LB .36 <;366B6 .B

FB66236 B 38/L3/6E=438I J2FFM 4B<28AB</.2 <2L2 2 /.B3;/I3.24 .3 943LV?/<3

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.2 >8/DB462M FB;3 6/LF;B6 43I12 .B B8?B8.YR;36 <2L2 >L <28P>8?2.B L3<A26 B TYLB36E %3 DB4.3.BM : /8B9VDB; Q>B 3 82012 .B 6BO2 X F4B6B8?B 836

culturas do passado e do presente – tenha inuenciado fortemente3 T24L>;3012 .26 9Y8B426 /8.2RB>42FB>6 L36<>;/82 B TBL/8/82M 3

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-L F4/LB/42 F;382M 26 <28<B/?26 .B 1#*/-0$.) B <21$.$.) B6?12 3662</3.26 836 ;K89>36 42L\8/<36M 366/L <2L2 82 94B92MV43NB B 82 ABN43/<2M 32 9Y8B42 83?>43; e6BO2h .26 6B4B6 A>L3826E

Num segundo, tenta-se a aplicação desta divisão dicotômica aos

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Meillet (1921), por sua vez, defende que a classicação?4/F34?/.3M F4B6B8?B 82 6\86<4/?2M 94B92M ;3?/L B ?3LN:L BL ;K8R9>36 L2.B4836 <2L2 2 3;BL12 B 36 ;K89>36 B6;3D36M B8<2N4B 3existência de duas classicações indo-européias: num primeiro

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um masculino ou feminino, e outro neutro. Meillet exemplica talT3?2 <2L 26 <3626 .B 43-# B <)3)E -L 6\86<4/?2M 2 F;>43; TBL/8/82#7#*M lV9>36 63943.36mM <244B6F28./3 32 ;3?/L TBL/8/82#S-#M 328B>?42 94B92 QN")% eB;BLB8?2 9B43.24 .2 ?B4L2 B4>./?2Q_"%) BL

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6KDB/6 .B ?4386D34/3012EEmbora muitos signicados possam ser descritos como

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por m, os que são constituídos por um índice mínimo de traçoscaracterísticos comuns carão na extremidade direita, reconheci-.26M F24?38?2M <2L2 LBLN426 RF42?2?KF/<26E

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BO/9Y8</3 T24L3; F343 6B 3;/8A34 <2L 2 9Y8B42 6BL\8?/<2 eTYLB3hMexibiliza o seu paradigma funcional ante as pressões pragmáti-<2R./6<>46/D36 .2 <28?BO?2 6/?>3</283;E ]26?2 /6?2M : F266KDB; BO3RL/834M <2L N36B 82 943> .B F42?2?/F/</.3.BM BL Q>B F26/012 ?B8.Ba xar-se o item 2!"&5/&)& 83 B6<3;3 F42F26?3 8B6?3 FB6Q>/63E ]24não manifestar a marca morfológica (exional) de gênero femi-8/82M PV Q>B 3 ?B4L/83012 R" /8./<3 BO<;>6/D3LB8?B 3 kC 82L/R83;M 2 BOBLF;2 ejth 3T36?3R6B ;/9B/43LB8?B .2 F_;2 |F42?2?KF/<2EC2.3D/3M BL 43I12 .B 3F4B6B8?34 26 ?43026 .2 9Y8B42 6BL\8?/<2TBL/8/82 eTYLB3h B 3<B/?34 3 <28<24.\8</3 6/8?V?/<3 <2L 2 34?/92TBL/8/82 "M 2 <362 62N 38V;/6B 6B ./6?38</3 .36 2<244Y8</36 RF42R

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F42?2?KF/<26E $66/L ;AB <3NB4/3 >L F26/</283LB8?2 L3/6 /8?B4LBR./V4/2 B8?4B 26 F_;26 2F26/?/D26 .B663 B6<3;3 943.>3;M A3P3 D/6?3Q>B 2 ?4302 L24T2;_9/<2 .B 9Y8B42 812 B6?V F4B6B8?B 83 B6?4>?>43.2 6>N6?38?/D2 17!->&(GA E

ejuh $ <2;>83 {])} ;BLN43 Q>BM B8?4B >L P292 B 2>R?42M ) 1&")+/& ->4/<2 5/438.3 : .BF>?3.2 TB.B43;e-]M uo*jo*ffgM FE ruhEGV 82 BOBLF;2 ejuh ?BL26 2 )% 0 +"#.0*" Q>BM F24 6B 4BR

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exional de gênero (pois a desinência -"

/8./<3 62LB8?B 2morfema classicatório = VT);e//h 3 B6<2;A3 FB;2 .B?B4L/838?B" F34BRL3 D/8<>;3012 <2L 2 9Y8B42 6BL\8?/<2 e6BO2 TBL/8/82hE

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X 28.B B;3 L38?:L B6?2Q>B F343 3?B8./LB8?2 4VF/.2 32L/<42BLF4B6V4/2 e#5M *iojojiiiM @E *M FE *hE

%2 BOBLF;2 ejghM 2 )% # H&"+)+ F34B9>Y6 ?2.36 36 BOFB<?3?/D36 BL ?2482 .3 /8./<3012 943L3?/<3;.2 9Y8B42E ]4/LB/43LB8?BM ?BLR6B >L3 T24L3 .B?B4L/838?B TBR

L/8/83 3;/8A3.3 3 >L3 T24L3 .B?B4L/83.3 L36<>;/83 <2L 3 Q>3;não estabelece uma combinatória icônica e prototípica. Segundo,2 BLF4B92 .B 4&"+)+ 82 <28?BO?2 .3 B8>8</3012 812 4BLB?B 32/8./DK.>2 P2DBL .2 6BO2 L36<>;/82E %2D3LB8?BM 3 LB?3T24/I3012estabelece uma relação icônica, sob a forma de analogia externa,B8?4B 2 )% # H&"+)+ B 3 4BTB4Y8</3 /8./4B?3 ^ TVN4/<3 .B N3;36 B<A2<2;3?B6E %3 DB4.3.BM 2 BOBLF;2 ejgh 26?B8?3 3 BD/.Y8</3 .B<2L2 6B F42<B663 8B;B 3 <3?B924/3 .B 9Y8B42E =/<3 ?4386F34B8?B

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6B T439LB8?2 ?BO?>3;M 4&"+)+

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03 .2 34?/92 L36<>;/820E $66/LM B6?3 2<244Y8</3 F34BB 4B69>34.3M BL 9B43;MT24L36 TBL/8/836 F343 .B6/9834BL 2 6BO2 TBL/8/82 B T24L36 L36R<>;/836 F343 3;>./4BL 326 4BF4B6B8?38?B6 .2 6BO2 L36<>;/82E %3DB4.3.BM 3Q>/ 3 /8T24L3012 62N4B 2 9Y8B42 6BL\8?/<2 : 4B<>FBRrada pelo signicado básico do item lexical em questão (1-0Q2% hB FB;3 4BTB4Y8</3 32 6BO2 .3 FB6623 e >$; R_02% hE ]24 /<28/</.3.Bsemântico-pragmática, o suxo -"0 eF4/D3?/D3LB8?B T24L3.24 .B6>N6?38?/D26 L36<>;/826h 812 ?2483 2 /?BL -0/7#"*+ um antôni-L2 BL 9Y8B42 .B 1-0Q2%).# e]-"-&"$M *fgua *jrhE ]B4<BNBR6BM366/LM Q>B 2 )% 0- -0/7#"*+ .B/O3 .B 4B>8/4 3 ?2?3;/.3.B .B

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9Y8B42 L36<>;/82M L36 812 /8?B943;/I3 82 <28?BO?2 ./6<>46/D2 29Y8B42 6BL\8?/<2 3 B;B <244B6F28.B8?BE

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preenche todas as exigências para congurar-se como um substan-?/D2 .B 9Y8B42 F42?2?KF/<2M 6/?>38.2R6B 83 T3/O3 .B N3/O3 F42?2?/F/R</.3.BM Q>B <343<?B4/I3 26 6>N6?38?/D26 <2L 9Y8B42 RF42?2?KF/<2E

@2L N36B 82 B;B8<2 .B BOBLF;26 .B6?3 6B012M F2.BR6Barmar que, em face do comportamento criativo dos usuários na

busca de formular expressões mais icônicas e informativas du-438?B 36 F34<B4/36 DB4N3/6M ?2483R6B ;/L/?3.3 B <28?43F42.><B8?B 338V;/6B .2 9Y8B42 .26 6>N6?38?/D26 62N 2 B8T2Q>B ?B_4/<2 .3 943RLV?/<3 824L3?/D3 ?43./</283;E %B66B 6B8?/.2M LB./38?B 3 D/6>3;/RI3012 83 B6<3;3 .B F42?2?/F/</.3.BM 6/8?B?/I34BL26 3Q>/ 2 <28P>8?2.B .3.26 383;/63.26 8B6?3 6B012M /8./<38.2 2 F26/</283LB8?2 .B<3.3 LBLN42 82 /).5$.--1 gradiente da escala e identicandoo seu perl prototípico frente aos demais membros investigadose6BL F4B2<>F3012 B6?3?K6?/<3hE

=/9>43 j X ]26/</283LB8?2 F42?2?KF/<2 .26 6>N6?38?/D26 383;/63.26

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Com base na estrutura gráca acima ilustrada, pode-se<28<;>/4 Q>B 26 BOBLF;26 ejjh B ejrh <343<?B4/I3LR6B <2L2 LBLR

N426 |F42?2?KF/<26M F24 3F4B6B8?34 >L3 6:4/B .B ?43026 6/L/;34B6eL24T2;_9/<2 X 6/8?V?/<2 X 6BL\8?/<2h FB4?/8B8?B6 326 4BF4B6B8R?38?B6 Q>B .B?YL 2 *5#5-* .B LVO/L3 F42?2?/F/</.3.BE -6?B6 BOBLR

F;26 F2.BL T24L34 F34B6 <3?B9_4/<26 <2L 6B> <244B6F28.B8?B

opositivo, a saber: o lho/a lha, o vendedor/a vendedora. Obser-D3R6B 3Q>/ >L <2LF24?3LB8?2 ./6?/8?/D2a 26 F34B6 |F42?2?KF/<26eRL34<3.26M |F4BD/6KDB/6 B |4B<244B8?B6h ?YL F2?B8</3;LB8?B 3T24L3?3012 .2 9Y8B42 82 8KDB; L24T2;_9/<2 LB./38?B F42<B662exional, que implica no acréscimo de elemento desinencial ao/?BL ;:O/<2M F24?38?2M 6BLF4B L3/6 ^ ./4B/?3 .2 )%E )12M F24 /662M<298/?/D3 B ./6<>46/D3LB8?B L3/6 6/LF;B6 B L3/6 366/L/;VDB/6E@28D:L 4B663;?34M 3/8.3M Q>BM 82 /8?B4/24 .B663 I283 F42?2?KF/<3M2 BOBLF;2 ejjh 6B 4BDB;3 |F42?2?KF/<2 .2 Q>B 2 ejrhM FB;2 T3?2 .BBO/N/4 2 8K?/.2 <28?436?B T24L3; B8?4B L36<>;/82 B TBL/8/82M 366/Rnalado pela alternância exional (canônica) o > a.

Quanto aos exemplos de (24) a (27), conguram-se comoLBLN426 F42?2?KF/<26M BL 43I12 .B 3F4B6B8?34 >L K8./B 26 LBLN426 |F42R?2?KF/<26E -;B6 26?B8?3L <343<?B4K6?/<36 4B;BD38?B6 L3/6 82 F;3826/8?V?/<2R6BL\8?/<2 .2 Q>B 82 B6?4/?3LB8?B L24T2;_9/<2E J36?32N6B4D34 Q>B B66B6 6>N6?38?/D26 <28?3L F2?B8</3;LB8?B <2L 3/8./<3012 .B 9Y8B42 eL36<>;/82oTBL/8/82h 3?43D:6 .B 4B<>4626sintáticos – combinatória de determinantes/modicadores – fora.3 B6?4>?>43 /8?B483 .2 D2<VN>;2M 9B43;LB8?B /8</./8.2 L3/6 ^ B6RQ>B4.3 .2 )%M 2 Q>B 26 <343<?B4/I3 <2L2 L34<3.26M F4BD/6KRDB/6M 4B<244B8?B6E

Sobre os exemplos (28) e (29), pode-se armar que eles6/?>3LR6B 83 4B9/12 .B N3/O3 F42?2?/F/</.3.BE -L T>8012 .B 812exibirem os principais traços denidores do gênero como catego-ria semântico-gramatical (gênero natural e exão), eles afastam-R6B .26 LBLN426 F42?2?KF/<26 B 6B ./6?38</3L L3/6 3/8.3 .26|F42?2?KF/<26E -66B6 ?/F26 .B <3626 <28?3L BO<;>6/D3LB8?B <2L2 6>F24?B ?B_4/<2 B <28DB8</283; .3 B6?4>?>43012 6/8?V?/<3 F343 3/8./<3012 .2 9Y8B42E )B4 bL36<>;/82c 2> bTBL/8/82c : >L3 2F012

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./?3.3 # 7%$)%$ pela identicação com uma referencialidade pura-LB8?B T24L3;M .B 83?>4BI3 F34?/<>;34 2> 9B43;M Q>B 3 F3;3D43 BL>62 F2.B L38/TB6?34 <28DB8</283;LB8?B 82 ./6<>462E

(B663 T24L3M Q>38.2 6B ./I ) ,$#5 M ) 1$/%)M ) 7#%1#0#5 M) 72%"$3E)M B6?3L26 T3;38.2 .B F42.>?26 BL F34?/<>;34E ]24 2>?42;3.2M Q>38.2 826 4BTB4/L26 3 /8.Z6?4/36M 3 BLF4B636 2> L34<36M

824L3;LB8?B BLF4B93L26 36 BOF4B66WB6 TBL/8/836M <2L2# ,$#5

M# 1$/%)e217%2*#hM # :#%1#0#5 M # :2%"$3E)M B 366/L F24 ./38?BE=/<3 BD/.B8?B Q>BM 8B6636 Z;?/L36 2<244Y8</36 ;/89UK6?/<36M 812 6Btem um processo icônico movido pela implicatura do gênero na-?>43; e6BO2hE $ /<28/</.3.B 6B F42<B663 3FB836 32 8KDB; .3 24938/RI3012 6/8?V?/<3M L2.B;38.2 383;29/<3LB8?B 36 T24L36 ;/89UK6?/<36RF42?2?KF/<36 FB;36 |F42?2?KF/<36M 3.2?38.2 62LB8?B 2 F343./9L3dicotômico de gênero formal –1#*/-0$.) 2> <21$.$.) X 2 Q>B <3R43<?B4/I3 >L3 B6<2;A3 .26 >6>V4/26 FB;26 F42<B6626 L3/6 6/LF;B6e econômicos nas atividades discursivas.

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!6 943LV?/<26 ?43./</283/6 >?/;/I3LR6B .B 4B<>4626 LBR?2.2;_9/<26 /.Y8?/<26 F343 B;3N2434 3 ?3O282L/3 .2 9Y8B42 .26substantivos. Trabalham com exemplicações avulsas, virtuais,.B6<28?BO?>3;/I3.36 B 6BLF4B 32 8KDB; .3 F3;3D43E -;B6 N>6<3LBOF24 2 ?BL3 <2L N36B BL BOBLF;26 .B D2<VN>;26 PV 6/6?BL3?/I3R.26M .B <2LF24?3LB8?2 ./6<4B?2 B <3?B9_4/<2M Q>B 812 F42F/</BLM

F24?38?2M ./6<24.\8</36 <2L 2>?426 943LV?/<26M 2> 812 6BP3L 3;D2de polêmicas nos circuitos acadêmicos de debates lingüísticos. A-83;M 62N 3 ;>I .3 FB.3929/3 <286B4D3.243M 2 B86/82 .3 ;K89>3 : <3;R<3.2 82 F42<B662 .B 4BFB?/012 .2"$C2% autorizado (ocial), e nãona dinâmica da reexão dos"$C2%2* (não-ociais, mas legítimos).B /8./DK.>26 4B3/6 BL 6/?>30WB6 4B3/6 .B <2L>8/<3012 DB4N3;E

C3LN:L : 6>4F4BB8.B8?B <286?3?34 Q>B B6?>./2626 <28R?BLF24\8B26M 3>?24B6 .B <2LFY8./26 943L3?/<3/6 Q>B PV 4B ?BL F24 F343./9L36 T24L3;/6?36 Q>38.2

analisam grande parte dos fenômenos da linguagem.(B8?4B B66B6 943LV?/<26 <28?BLF24\8B26M Q>B 6B9>BL>L3 24/B8?3012 62N 3 :9/.B .36 </Y8</36 ;/89UK6?/<36M .B6?3<3L26H>T? B ]B4/8/E %3 ./6<>6612 .2 9Y8B42M F24 BOBLF;2M H>T? BOFWB6></8?3LB8?B 26 4B<>4626 ;:O/<2R943L3?/<3/6 4B6F286VDB/6 FB;3.B6<4/012 .2 9Y8B42 .26 6>N6?38?/D26 6BL L38/TB6?34 Q>3;Q>B4

F4B2<>F3012 <2L 26 T3?24B6 <298/?/D26 B 62</3/6 .2 F42<B662 <2RL>8/<3?/D2E $.L/?BM 3FB836M Q>B 2 9Y8B42 N/2;_9/<2 e6BO2h : >L3<3?B924/3 ;/89U/6?/<3LB8?B T3<>;?3?/D3M .BFB8.B8?B .3 8B<B66/.3R.B .B BOF4B6612 82 3?2 <2L>8/<3?/D2E ! 3>?24M F24:LM 812 B6FB</Rca quais são essas necessidades e por que elas surgem.

$ B66B 4B6FB/?2M .B/O3L26 <;342 Q>B 812 /LF24?34/3 3 3N24R.39BL .2 S-2 (conceituação e classicação), pois, como vimos, o9Y8B42 : >L3 <3?B924/3 PV 943L3?/<3;/I3.3M 3F4B6B8?38.2M BL F24R?>9>Y6M 6BLF4B .>36 2F0WB6 2F26/?/D36 e38?28KL/<36hE &6?2 6/98/Rca dizer que qualquer substantivo em português será masculinoou feminino, não importando o tipo de recurso – exional, lexical2> 6/8?V?/<2 X >?/;/I3.2 F343 BOF4B6634 2 9Y8B42 943L3?/<3; e0#5)

*2.*)), ou seja, as noções especícas de masculino e feminino.

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#B43;LB8?BM 83 ?B8?3?/D3 .B B8Q>3.434 >L 82LB 83 <;366Bde masculino ou de feminino, vericamos que as GT utilizaram-sede conceitos abstratos, sem referência conceptual denida, como3:$+3'06M 60D#3+08-'6M +08-8 /3 /0$6M (J'3#0 5"+$*"'.3Malém de misturar critérios diferentes para classicar os substan-?/D26E ]24 BOBLF;2M 3 #C <28<BNB 2 9Y8B42 <2L2 >L3 <3?B924/3

gramatical que opera através de processo exional. Assim, seria.B 6B B6FB434 Q>B ?2.36 36 L38/TB6?30WB6 .B 9Y8B42 2<244B66BL 32nível da palavra, sendo, pois, reguladas unicamente pela exão.$2 <28?4V4/2M 2 Q>B 2N6B4D3L26 : Q>B 36 #C 2FB43L <2L 2 <28Rceito de gênero pela exão (regra geral), mas também admitem6>3 F4B6<4/012 LB./38?B F42<B6626 ;BO/<3/6 e6>F;B?/D26hM <2L2 3.B4/D3012 B 3 AB?B428KL/3M 2> LB6L2 6/8?V?/<26M Q>B F2.BL ?B4>L <34V?B4 6>F;B?/D2 Bo2> 4B.>8.38?BE

Em princípio, pudemos inferir que os conceitos autôno-L26M 3F4/24K6?/<26M T24L>;3.26 FB;36 943LV?/<36 824L3?/D36M BL9B43; 612 B8T43Q>B</.26 2> /8D3;/.3.26 FB;3 4B3;/.3.B BLFK4/<3

dos fenômenos lingüísticos. Convém ressaltar que neste trabalho4B>8/L26 36 F4/8</F3/6 <3>636 .B663 T3;?3 .B 4B6F3;.2 F439LV?/<2 F24 F34?B .26 F4/8<KF/26 824L3?/D26 .3 #43LV?/<3 C43./</283;E

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L26 92DB483LB8?3/6M .26 ]34\LB?426 @>44/<>;34B6 %3</283/6 X]@%E -6?B6M 32 /8<24F2434 36 4B<B8?B6 F42F26?36 ?B_4/<36 .36 </Y8R</36 ;/89UK6?/<36M <2;2<343L 2 F42<B662 .B B86/82R3F4B8./I39BL.3 ;K89>3 L3?B483 8>L B/O2 /8?B4./6</F;/834M BL Q>B <28DB49BLas reexões sobre o estudo da língua na escola e acerca do uso da;K89>3 83 D/.3 BL 62</B.3.BE

%B66B F42<B662 .B L2.B;39BL B 4BL2.B;39BL .36estruturas lingüísticas entrariam forças analógicas e icôni-

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<36 3</283.36 6BLF4B F24 L2?/D30WB6 .B 83?>4BI3 <298/?/D3 Bsemântico-pragmática, que inuenciam os interlocutores no?4386<>462 .3 /8?B43012 <2L>8/<3?/D3E @B4?3LB8?BM F4B66WB6.B K8.2;B B6?4>?>43; ?3LN:L B6?12 /86B4/.36 82 <28?BO?2 ;/8R9UK6?/<2M <28DB49/8.2 2> <2LFB?/8.2 <2L 36 .BL3/6 F4B66WB6

FB4?/8B8?B6 32 3LN/B8?B ./6<>46/D2E

$66/L 6B8.2M <2L N36B 82 <28P>8?2 .B BD/.Y8</36 .B6?Bestudo, resta-nos armar, convictamente, que a codicação do gê-8B42 82L/83; 4B6>;?3 .B >L3 <2LFB?Y8</3 ;:O/<2R943L3?/<3;M L36M62N4B?>.2M .B >L3 <2LFB?Y8</3 F439LV?/<2R?BO?>3;M 83 Q>3; 6B

F34?/<>;34/I3L 26 36FB<?26 BOF4B66/D26 B 6BL\8?/<26EEscrevendo estas sentenças nais, confessamos que, no

3?2 /83>9>43; .B6?B ?43N3;A2M .B6FB4?3L26 BOFB<?3?/D36 LZ;?/R F;36 Q>B ?B8</283L26 FB46B9>/R;36M 3.L/8/6?4VR;36M <>LF4/R;36EC2.3D/3M 2 4B<B/2 .B <28?3L/83012 F24 >L 43./<3;/6L2 3<3R.YL/<2 /8.B6BPVDB;M 3 F28?2 .B F3?42</834 394B66WB6 943?>/?36B /LF4_F4/36 ^ ?B24/3 .3 943LV?/<3 ?43./</283;M F42D3DB;LB8?B

826 ?B8A3 /LF>;6/283.2 3 T3IB4 ./94B66WB6 3Q>/ B 3;/M F343 812/8<244B4L26 BL P>;93LB8?26 /8P>6?26 2> T3;3</2626E -M BL LB/2^6 D/</66/?>.B6 /8B4B8?B6 32 <>462 .3 /8DB6?/93012M F42<>43L26manter o equilíbrio entre o desao de rivalizar com posturas ca-nônicas questionáveis e o bom-senso para não fugir a polêmicas63;>?34B6 B B84/Q>B<B.2436E

#26?34K3L26M 6B F266KDB; T266BM .B 6/8?B?/I34 8>L Z8/<2B /8BQ>KD2<2 F428>8</3LB8?2M Q>B 2 386B/2 Q>B F3/43 F24 ?2.2B6?B ?43N3;A2 D/8<>;3R6B 3N62;>?3LB8?B 32 82662 BLFB8A2 F343descrever e interpretar as diversicadas codicações do gênero82L/83; BL >626 BLFK4/<26 .3 ;/89>39BLE ]24 /662M 4B/?B43L26M

não nos ocupamos em construir novos arquétipos taxonômicos F343 3N24.34 2 366>8?2E

]34?/<>;34LB8?BM 62N4B 2 9Y8B42 B 26 F4/8<KF/26 3Q>/ 3F;/Rcados, podemos armar que é perfeitamente possível e necessá-4/2 X .2 F28?2 .B D/6?3 FB.39_9/<2 X 4BL2034 3 DB;A3 943LV?/<3

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hM LB6L2 6B8.2 F;B83LB8?B 943RL3?/<3;/I3.3M 812 /LFB.B Q>B 26 >6>V4/26 X T3;38.2 2> B6<4BDB8Rdo – criem novos arranjos morfossintáticos para codicá-la ante36 4B3/6 8B<B66/.3.B6 .B <2L>8/<3012E

&8./6<>?/DB;LB8?BM 2 Q>B 3<3N3L26 .B B6<4BDB4 <286?/?>/?12R62LB8?B >L F28?2 .B F34?/.3 X 82 Q>3; 6B 4BZ8B 2 Q>B T2/

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e*h EEE 366/L Q>B D2<Y B8?43 366/L EEE ?BL >L3 EEE ?BL >L?43/;B4I/8A2 <2L 624DB?B EEE ?BL 624DB?B EEE .BF2/6 32 ;3.2?BL >L3 F24o ?BL >L3 F24?3 que essa porta já fica ao que essa porta já fica ao

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>L ?/F2 .B <286?4>012 4B;3?/D3 Q>B b<2F/3c 2 38?B<B.B8?B .2

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* -6?B ?BO?2 <286/6?B .B >L3 6K8?B6B .B L/8A3 ./66B4?3012 .B LB6?43.2M.B LB6L2 ?K?>;2M .BTB8./.3 BL jiirM FB;2 ]42943L3 .B ]_6R943.>3012 BL-6?>.26 .3 H/89>39BL .3 S8/DB46/.3.B =B.B43; .2 "/2 #438.B .2 %24?BE

j A forma canônica ou padrão da oração relativa aqui referida corresponde^ .B6<4/?3 B6?4>?>43;LB8?B F24 ]B4/8/ e*ffghM Q>B .B?3;A34BL26 3./38?BE

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! Q>B 3<28?B6/D2M <28T24LB ./6<>?/4BL26 3./38?BM L36 3;92 Q>B 3F4B6B8?3

<343<?B4K6?/<36 FB<>;/34B6 B F34B9B4/4 ?B8.Y8</3 .B 4B9>;34/I3012E@2L N36B 8B663 <286/.B43012M F42<>434BL26 /8DB6?/934 B66B 2>?42 F266KDB; LB<38/6L2 .B 24938/I3012 eB6?4>?>43012h .3 <;V>6>;33.PB?/D3rM 82 <362M 3 <2F/3.243M .B L2.2 3 T3IB4 >L3 .B6<4/012 .B6>36 T24L36 B >626 83 F4V?/<3 .3 <28DB463012 B6F28?\8B3 B8?4B 26>6>V4/26 .3 ;K89>3 F24?>9>B63E ]343 ?38?2M F34?/L26 .2 F4B66>F26?2.B Q>B 3 ;K89>3 : >L3 B6?4>?>43 L3;BVDB;M 6>PB/?3 ^6 F4B66WB6.2 >62 B <286?/?>K.3 .B >L <_./92 812 /8?B/43LB8?B 34N/?4V4/2e=S"C$(! ($ @S%`$d k!C"-M *ffghE

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BR 10'+3$.-"'/0 " 0#";<0 #3*".$5" %12 AV >L ?43?3LB8?2 >8/T24LB F24 F34?B .B 943LV?/<26 B

outros estudiosos da língua quanto à denição da oração relativa,nem tampouco uma abordagem unicada para essa denição,

<28T>8./8.2R6BM L>/?36 DBIB6M <4/?:4/26 .B 83?>4BI36 ./6?/8?36e243 6/8?V?/<26M 243 6BL\8?/<26 Bo2> F439LV?/<26M 243 26 ?4Y66/L>;?38B3LB8?BhE $ 6B9>/4M T34BL26 >L N4BDB 3F38A3.2 62N4B<3.3 >L .B;B6E

r -LF4B93L26 2 ?B4L2 /04-*-0#M 8B6?B ?43N3;A2M F343 .B6/9834 3 2430126/LF;B6M 6BP3 B;3 F4/8</F3; 2> 6>N24./83.3E $66/LM )%#DE) B /04-*-0# 6B412tomadas aqui como sinônimas.

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F24 >L ]"!%!5- "-H$C&k! A B BOB4<BL 3 T>8012 .B $(GS%C!$(%!5&%$H .B >L 6>N6?38?/D2 2> F4282LB 38?B<B.B8?Bce@S%`$d @&%C"$M *fgtM FE tgphd b36 2430WB6 6>N24./83.363.PB?/D36 612 3Q>B;36 Q>B BOB4<BL 3 T>8012 6/8?V?/<3 .B #"U-.5)

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.B?B4L/83.2 ?B4L2 .3 243012 3 Q>B 6B ;/93LE GV ]B4/8/ e*ffgh T3;3 BL +0'6.#-;<0 #3*".$5"M Q>BM6B9>8.2 B;BM b?3LN:L 4B<BNB 3 .B6/983012 ?43./</283; .B l2430123.PB?/D3mcE $<4B6<B8?3 2 3>?24 Q>B B;3 ?BL <34V?B4 6>N24./83.2B 4BF4B6B8?3 >L <286?/?>/8?B .B 8KDB; 6>N243</283;M F24 B6?34servindo de modicador de um SN. Perini (1998 A FE*sih ;/6?3<2L2 <343<?B4K6?/<36 .3 <286?4>012 4B;3?/D3 26 6B9>/8?B6 36FB<?26a

3E F4B6B803 .B >L 4B;3?/D2 e26 4B;3?/D26 612 S-2A ) S-#0A

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$'+08:*3."M ;292 3F_6 2 4B;3?/D2d

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-/6 >L BOBLF;2 3F4B6B8?3.2 FB;2 3>?24aerh b! B6?4392 U-3 0 (".0 A3C cou sem conserto.”

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6B9>/.2 .3 B6?4>?>43 243</283; e0 (".0 A3C

hM B Q>B : >L )%e82 <362M 6>PB/?2 .B ficouficouhEQuanto à classicação tradicional, as orações adjetivas

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relativos. Tratando da classicação das adjetivas, ela nota que36 4B6?4/?/D36 F2.BL <286?4>/4R6B <2L 38?B<B.B8?B 2> 6BL B;Bd PV 36 BOF;/<3?/D36 612 B6?4>?>43.36 6BLF4B <2L 38?B<B.B8?BE[ 2 Q>B F2.BL26 DB4 826 BOBLF;26 esh B ethM Q>B /;>6?43LM4B6FB<?/D3LB8?BM >L3 4B6?4/?/D3 <2L B 6BL 38?B<B.B8?Bd B ephM Q>B3F4B6B8?3 >L3 3.PB?/D3 BOF;/<3?/D3E

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Ainda sobre essa classicação, Oliveira (2001, p. 78)L26?43 Q>B bI%#DE) *-F)%"$.#"# #"U25$;# 2X70$/#5$;# : 382LB8<;3?>43 ?43./</283; 3?4/N>K.3 ^6 B6?4>?>436 Q>B F266>BL

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Perini (1998) arma que a distinção tradicional das4B;3?/D36 BL BOF;/<3?/D36 B 4B6?4/?/D36 ?BL /86F/43012 BL 6>36

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3E 6_ 36 3F26/?/D36 6B 6BF343L F24 DK49>;3 .2 4B6?2 .3 T436Bd

NE 6_ 36 3F26/?/D36 F2.BL 2<244B4 <2L 2 4B;3?/D2 ) S-#0 6BL F4BF26/012d<E 6_ 36 3F26/?/D36 3.L/?BL <286?4>0WB6 LZ;?/F;36sM 4B6>;?38?B6da movimentação de um SN que contém relativo modicador F343 2 /8K</2 .3 243012E

s $6 <286?4>0WB6 LZ;?/F;36 B8D2;DBL .B6;2<3LB8?2 .B >L )% Q>Bcontém relativo modicador para o início da oração, conforme ilustra oBOBLF;2 & 3N3/O2 eefih BL ]-"&%&M *ffghE

I. a) O uniforme, do qual o Ministério especica o feitio dos bolsos b) O uniforme, dos bolsos do qual o ministério especica o feitio

c) O uniforme, o feitio dos bolsos do qual o Ministério especica@28T24LB BOF;/<3 2 F4_F4/2 ]B4/8/M BL e3h ?BL26 >L )% <28?B8.2 2

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&6 3Z:*$+".$5"6 3<4B6<B8?3L 32 38?B<B.B8?B >L3 Q>3;/.3.B 3<B66_4/3M

isto é, esclarecem melhor a sua signicação, (...) por isso mesmo, não

612 /8./6FB86VDB/6 32 6B8?/.2 2**2./$#0 .3 T436BE

&6 #36.#$.$5"6M <2L2 2 F4_F4/2 82LB /8./<3M 4B6?4/89BLM ;/L/?3LM

precisam a signicação do substantivo (ou pronome) antecedente.

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a signicação do antecedente, no caso o vocábulo 20838 e2 Q>3;M F24 6>3 DBIM PV DBL .B;/L/?3.2 FB;2 3.PB?/D2 #"#0hd .B66B L2.2M3 243012 BL 8B94/?2 F3663 3 6B4 8B<B66V4/3 ^ <2LF4BB8612 .3<;V>6>;3 L3?4/I 82 6B8?/.2 .B Q>B /8T24L3 32 ;B/?24o/8?B4;2<>?24 3Q>B 94>F2 .B A2LB86 6B B6?V 4BTB4/8.2a 3Q>B;B6 Q>B ?YL 2 L>8.2836 L126E -L eghM F24:LM 3 6/?>3012 : 2>?43a 2 38?B<B.B8?B .2relativo (Tio Cosme) já tem seu campo de signicação restrito, por6B ?43?34 .B 82LB F4_F4/2 .B FB6623M 2 Q>B T3I <2L Q>B 3 <;V>6>;33.PB?/D3 Q>B 3 B;B 6B ;/93 ?248BR6B 3<B66_4/3M 6B4D/8.2 3FB836 F343

3F4B6B8?34 >L3 /8T24L3012 3 L3/6M F2.B8.2 6B4 6>F4/L/.3 6BL F4BP>KI2 32 6B8?/.2 .3 243012 F4/8</F3;E

euh b[6 >L .26 43426 A2LB86 o U-3 .J8 0 8-'/0 '"68<06Ec e@S%`$d @&%C"$M *fgtM FE tgfhEegh bC/2 @26LBMU-3 3#" "/50("/0, conava-lhe a cópia de

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representa uma relativa canônica – os que se assemelham,estruturalmente, a (21) – que exemplica uma copiadora:

ejih EEE 8>L B43 F43 ?B4 B8?43.2 82 <BL/?:4/2 EEE B Q>38.2T2/ ^ 82/?B EEE 2 <343 EEE U-3 .$'2" 63 "+$/3'."/0 3F34B.B 82D2 8: EEE<A3L38.2 B;B F43 /4 ;V 82 <BL/?:4/2 2 <343 EEEe6)%7-* (#M ;K89>3 T3;3.3M B86/82 6>FB4/24M FE jfhE

ej*h EEE B ?BL 3Q>B;B6 Q>B 3FB836 >?/;/I3L 3Q>B;B6 4/?>3/6Q>B : >L3 T24L3 ?3LN:L .B 6B <AB934 3 (B>6 EEE B ?BL2 B6F/4/?/6L2 ’ U-3 3663 3- "+20 8-$.0 :"#3+$/0 +08" $(#3W" +".m*$+" ’ 3 Z8/<3 ./TB4B803 Q>B BO/6?B : Q>B2 B6F/4/?/6L2 <286B9>B BOF;/<34 Q>B6?/283LB8?26 Q>B 3/94BP3 <3?_;/<3 812 <286B9>B ’c e6)%7-* (#M ;K89>3T3;3.3M B86/82 6>FB4/24M FE prhEEm (20), temos a conguração do que chamamos de

estrutura padrão da construção relativa, segundo especica Perinie*ffgha F4B6B803 .B >L 4B;3?/D2M 82 <362 2 U-3d B6?4>?>43 243</283;3F34B8?BLB8?B /8<2LF;B?3 R .$'2" 63 "+$/3'."/0M >L3 DBI Q>B

;AB T3;?3 2 6>PB/?2 eU-3]0 +"#"hd B 34?/<>;3012 .B >L B;BLB8?282L/83; eF34?B .B >L )%h | 4B;3?/D2 | B6?4>?>43 243</283; </?3.3M3 63NB4M 0 +"#" a U-3 a .$'2" 63 "+$/3'."/0E GV BL ej*hM 3;:L .36mesmas características listadas para (20), verica-se a repetição.3 /.:/3 <28?/.3 82 4B;3?/D2M 82 <362 0 36:$#$.$680M 4B?2L3.23?43D:6 .3 T24L3 F4282L/83; 3663E

@2L2 26 .3.26 Q>B B8<28?43L26 82 6)%7-* B <2L 26 Q>3/6/4BL26 ?43N3;A34 4BF4B6B8?3L D3;24 /8TB4/24 3 *ii e<BLhM 4BTB4/4R826RBL26 3 B;B6 6BLF4B BL D3;24B6 3N62;>?26E $66/LM <28T24LB6B DB4V 3./38?BM ;2<3;/I3L26M 82 6)%7-*M 3FB836 jr eD/8?B B ?4Y6h<;V>6>;36 3.PB?/D36 <2F/3.2436E

(26 .2IB /8T24L38?B6 BL <>P26 ?BO?26 F42<B.BL26 ̂ <2;B?3.26 .3.26M ?2.26 3F4B6B8?343L 26 .2/6 ?/F26 .B 24938/I3012 .3cláusula adjetiva, sobressaindo-se o modelo canônico (entenda-se3Q>/ 2 .B6<4/?2 F24 ]B4/8/hM PV <343<?B4/I3.2 8B6?B ?43N3;A2E $66/L6B8.2M 3 3.PB?/D3 .2 ?/F2 <2F/3.243M 3FB634 .B 6B4 NBL LB826T4BQUB8?B Q>B 3 2>?43M <286?/?>/R6B 8>L T2<2 .B /8?B4B66BM PV Q>B: >L3 T24L3 .B <286?4>012 6/8?V?/<3 3 Q>B 4B<244BL Q>3/6Q>B4T3;38?B6 .3 ;K89>3M 3;:L .B 6B4 BLF4B93.3 .B6.B AV L>/?2 ?BLF2E

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por m, os de oitava série constituíram o grupo dos que menos>?/;/I343L B66B F3.412 6/8?V?/<2M <2L 3FB836 </8<2 .2 ?2?3; .36

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C3NB;3 sa (/6?4/N>/012 .36 <2F/3.2436 82 @24F>6 (# F24 8KDB; .B /86?4>012E

[ /8?B4B6638?B 2N6B4D34 Q>B B66B6 .3.26 3<3N3L 4BDB;38.2>L3 <28?43RBOFB<?3?/D3 BL 4B;3012 32 B86/82 .B ;K89>3 L3?B483ML/8/6?43.2 ?38?2 83 B.><3012 NV6/<3 Q>38?2 82 8KDB; 6>FB4/24E-L 2>?436 F3;3D436M Q>B4BL26 ./IB4 Q>BM .3.2 32 T3?2 .B Q>B 3B.><3012 B6<2;34/I3.3 B8T3?/I3 2 B86/82 .3 L2.3;/.3.B F3.412.3 ;K89>3M B43 .B 6B B6FB434 Q>B 3 4B<244Y8</3 32 >62 .3 3.PB?/D3<2F/3.243 T266B L3/6 T4BQUB8?B B8?4B 26 T3;38?B6 <2L LB824 943>.B B6<2;34/.3.BM 32 F3662 Q>B 3Q>B;B6 Q>B F266>BL >L 943>.B /86?4>012 L3/6 B;BD3.2 ?B8.B66BL 3 BLF4B9VR;3 <2L LB824

freqüência, dando preferência ao modelo canônico, que é prescrito FB;3 824L3 <>;?3E -8?4B?38?2M .B>R6B 2 /8DB462E &662 F26?2M F2.BL26 .B.>I/4 Q>BM FB;2 LB826 82 Q>B./I 4B6FB/?2 32 >62 .36 B6?43?:9/36 .B 4B;3?/D/I3012M 812 AV >L34B;3012 ./4B?3 B8?4B 3>LB8?2 .2 8KDB; .B B6<2;34/.3.B B BLF4B92.B T24L36 F4B6<4/?36 FB;3 824L3 F3.412M 2 Q>B F34BL3 T3;A3 83 T24L3 <2L2 6B .V 2 B86/82 .B ;K89>3 L3?B48383 /86?/?>/012 B6<2;34E

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C3NB;3 ta !<244Y8</36 .36 <2F/3.2436 BL ?B4L26 .B L2.3;/.3.BE

-66B6 .3.26 F34B<BL 3F28?34 F343 >L3 B6<2;A3 .2T3;38?BM 83 F4V?/<3 <2L>8/<3?/D3 B6F28?\8B3 243;M FB;3 4B<244Y8</3^ B6?43?:9/3 .3 4B;3?/D3 <2F/3.243M 32 F3662 Q>BM 83 L2.3;/.3.Bescrita, a forma canônica tende a ser mantida ou substituída

FB;3 <24?3.243 e<TE C$"$HH!M *ffphE (B66B L2.2M F2.BL26

perceber que a recorrência à copiadora congura-se não comoum fenômeno aleatório, mas como um processo regular de<286?4>012 .3 <;V>6>;3 3.PB?/D3M <343<?B4/I38.2R6BM F24?38?2Mcomo um fenômeno gramatical.

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C3NB;3 pa (/6?4/N>/012 .36 <;V>6>;36 <2F/3.2436 82 @24F>6 (# F24 T>8012 6/8?V?/<3E

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A tabela acima chega a conrmar a realidade constatada826 .3.26 383;/63.26 F24 C343;;2 e*fgtha 836 <2F/3.2436M

F4BD3;B<BM L3P24/?34/3LB8?BM 3 T>8012 .B 6>PB/?2M 6B9>/.3 .3T>8012 .B 2N;KQ>2 e83 ?B4L/82;29/3 .2 3>?24M <TE ?3NB;3 jhM 2>LB;A24M .B 3.P>8?2 3.DB4N/3;M BL 826626 .3.26E

$ F4BD3;Y8</3 .3 T>8012 .B 6>PB/?2M 8B66B6 <3626M 6B

.BDBM F42D3DB;LB8?BM 32 T3?2 .B B663 T>8012 6B4 >L3 F26/012 .B.B6?3Q>B 83 <286?4>012 .3 243012M <2L L3/24 ?B8.Y8</3 3 ?_F/<2Ez>38?2 ̂ T>8012 .B 3.P>8?2 3.DB4N/3;M .BDB B;3 6B9>/4 ̂ .B 6>PB/?2

FB;2 T3?2 .B Q>B 6B ?43?3 .B >L ?B4L2 F4BF26/</283.2 BM 8B66Bsentido, a utilização da copiadora facilita a codicação lingüística.3 /8T24L3012M NBL <2L2 6B> F42<B663LB8?2M <28T24LB 6B4V./6<>?/.2 F26?B4/24LB8?B <2L L3/24 F42T>8./.3.BM 3/8.3 8B6?36B012E Quanto à classicação tradicional das orações adjetivas,26 BOBLF;26 <2;B?3.26 .2 6)%7-* 612 4BF4B6B8?3?/D26 ?38?2.36 4B6?4/?/D36 Q>38?2 .36 BOF;/<3?/D36M <28T24LB 2N6B4D3L26

BL ejjh B ejrhaejjh EEE B> D2> .B6<4BDB4 3 EEE 3 S%&]-@ 8: EEE 28.B B> F3662EEE B> F3662 2 ./3 ?2.2 BL <363 B B> EEE 2 LB;A24 ;>934 Q>B 3<A2

F43 EEE2 LB;A24 ;>934 Q>B B> F3662 .>438?B 2 ./3 EEE Q>38.2B> 63/2 : 83 EEE83 EEE ;V 83 EEE 83 T3<>;.3.B LB6L2 EEE0'/3 3-.3'20 83-6 "8$(06 *9 3 .-/0 EEE : 3 S%&]-@ EEE e6)%7-* (#M ;K89>3 T3;3.3M B86/82 6>FB4/24M FE rthEejrh EEE B;B 83443 3 A/6?_4/3 .B >L3 EEE .B >L3 L>;AB4 EEE 8: EEEQ>B <38?3D3 ^ 82/?B EEE <38?3D3 BL N23?B6 EEE B B;3 ?/8A3 >L EEE>L <362 8: EEE <2L >L A2LBL EEEU-3 3*3 RRR ) RRR .#"D"*2"5"RRR 83Z$" "66$8 +08 /#0("6 ... não é ... com tráco ...

e6)%7-* (#M ;K89>3 T3;3.3M B86/82 L:./2M FE juphE %2 BOBLF;2 ejjhM 2 /8T24L38?BM 32 .B6<4BDB4 2 ;2<3; .B

6>3 F4BTB4Y8</3M 82LB/3R2 /8/</3;LB8?BM 2 Q>B ?2483 3<B66_4/3 3/8T24L3012 .3 243012 BL 8B94/?2M >L3 DBI Q>B PV 6B <28ABB 2 T3;38?B B6?V 6B 4BTB4/8.2M 2> LB;A24M 3 Q>B T3<>;.3.Bele alude. Já em (23), fazendo a narração de um lme que lheT243 <28?3.2M 3 /8T24L38?B </?3 .>36 FB462839B86a >L3 L>;AB4e um homem, a última das quais é especicada/identicada

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FB;3 243012 3.PB?/D3 BL 8B94/?2 eU-3 3*3 RRR 83Z$" "66$8 +08/#0("6_ <>P3 /8T24L3012 6B L26?43 B66B8</3; ^ <343<?B4/I3012 .2

F42?3928/6?3E $66/LM ?BL26M 82 F4/LB/42 <362M 3 2<244Y8</3 .B >L33.PB?/D3 BOF;/<3?/D3M B8Q>38?2M 82 2>?42M 3 6BQUY8</3 BL 8B94/?2/;>6?43 3 3.PB?/D3 4B6?4/?/D3E

SL3 2N6B4D3012 FB4?/8B8?B Q>B <3NB T3IB4M 82 <362

.26 BOBLF;26 3</L3M 4BTB4BR6B 32 T3?2 .B Q>BM BL 3LN36 366/?>30WB6M 3 3.PB?/D3 : F4B<B./.3 .B F3>63 e>L3 .36 L34<36 .33.PB?/D3 BOF;/<3?/D3hM BLN243 4BF4B6B8?BL <3?B924/36 F42?2?KF/<36./6?/8?36E $ F3>63 Q>B 2<244B B8?4B 36 2430WB6 4B;3?/D36 B 3<;V>6>;3 L3?4/IM 82 <362 .B ejrhM 83 DB4.3.BM ./TB4B .3Q>B;33 Q>B 6B 4BTB4B !;/DB/43 ejii*h e<TE 6B012 sE*Eha 82 <28?BO?23</L3M B;3 <286?/?>/ >L 4B<>462 .2 T3;38?B F343 F4BB8<AB4 >LD3I/2 .>438?B 3 <2L>8/<3012M B8Q>38?2 B;B 24938/I3 3 BOF4B6612.3 /8T24L3012 6B9>/8?BE

-L ?B4L26 F42F24</283/6M 36 <;V>6>;36 <2F/3.2436B8<28?43.36 82 /)%7-* 3F4B6B8?3L >L BQ>/;KN4/2 B8?4B 4B6?4/?/D36

e explicativas, conforme se verica na tabela 7.

C3NB;3 ua (/6?4/N>/012 .36 3.PB?/D36 <2F/3.2436 82 @24F>6 (# F24

<3?B924/3 F42?2?KF/<3E

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ejiijhM 3 2<244Y8</3 ejjh 4BF4B6B8?3 >L <362 .B LB824 D/8<>;3012?38?2 6/8?V?/<3 Q>38?2 6BL\8?/<3M 32 F3662 Q>B BL ejrh ?BL26 >L943> L:./2 .B /8?B943012 B8?4B 3 3.PB?/D3 B 3 <;V>6>;3 L3?4/Ie243012 F4/8</F3;hE &662 6B .BDB ^6 D34/VDB/6 .2 /).5$.--1 .B/8?B943012 PV 4BTB4/.26 e/8T24L3?/D/.3.B .2 )%M T>8./.3.B .33.PB?/D3M F3>63 B /86B4012hM ^ ;>I .26 Q>3/6 ?B4K3L26 2 6B9>/8?Ba ejjh | /8T24L3?/D/.3.Bd | T>8./.3.Bd | F3>63d | /86B4012E ejrh R /8T24L3?/D/.3.Bd R T>8./.3.Bd | F3>63d | /86B4012E

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Conforme classicação escalar dos tipos de relativa, F42F26?3 F24 !;/DB/43 ejii*h B xB8B.y ejiijhM 2 BOBLF;2 ejjh: 4BF4B6B8?3?/D2 .B >L3 /8?B943012 LK8/L3M D/6?2 Q>Ba 3h 238?B<B.B8?B .2 4B;3?/D2 X 82 <362 A"+-*/"/3 X F266>/ 3;?2 943> .B/8T24L3?/D/.3.Bd Nh 2 <28?BZ.2 .3 3.PB?/D3 6B4DB L3/6 <2L2 F;382.B T>8.2M F24 <344B934 >L3 /8T24L3012 3<B66_4/3d <h 2<244B F3>63

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[ /8?B4B6638?B 82?34M <28?>.2M Q>BM BLN243 2 )%38?B<B.B8?B BL ejjh 6BP3 >L 82LB <2L>L eA"+-*/"/3hM 6B><34V?B4 L3/6 /8T24L3?/D2 6B .BDB 32 T3?2 .B 3 /86?/?>/012 ?B4 6/.2

especicada anteriormente (cgST[1_M 2 Q>B 3 T3I 6B4 <28AB</.3M FB4L/?/8.2M F24 /662M Q>B 3Q>B;B 2>?42 ?B4L2 DB8A3 F4B<B./.2 .Bartigo denido (n" A"+-*/"/3hE

@2L 4B;3012 32 F4/8<KF/2 T>8</283;/6?3 .B L34<3012M<286?3?3L26 Q>B 2 ?/F2 .B <286?4>012 4B;3?/D3 3;D2 .B6?B ?43N3;A2(a copiadora) é mais marcado em relação à forma canônica deB6?4>?>43012 .3 243012 3.PB?/D3M <28Q>38?2 812 6B 3?B8.3 32critério da complexidade cognitiva. Tomemos, para ns de análisee vericação, o exemplo (24) – representativo da forma canônica

X B 2 ejth X .3 <286?4>012 <2F/3.243Eejsh EEE ?2.2 L>8.2 D/3 Q>B B;B 63K3 EEE 3K ?2.2 L>8.2 U-3

."5" 36+0'/$/0 D2;?3D3 .B >L3 DBI EEE F24Q>B B43 2 ;>934826 L3?2 3K .3D3 F43 6B B6<28.B4 EEE e6)%7-* (#M ;K89>3T3;3.3M B86/82 6>FB4/24M FE g*hEejth EEE ?2.2 2 82662 L3?B4/3; .B B6?>.2 EEE 63/8.2 .B66BQ>34?2 EEE D2<Y .V .B T4B8?B F343 >L 2>?42 Q>34?2 EEE U-33663 U-"#.0 /9 :"#" " #-" EEE B66B : >L Q>34?2 Q>B B>z como um quarto de hóspedes ... (6)%7-* (#M ;K89>3T3;3.3M B86/82 6>FB4/24M FE tghE

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@286/.B438.2 Q>B 2 F4/8<KF/2 .B L34<3012 B8D2;DB 26<4/?:4/26 .B /)1702X$"#"2 2*5%-5-%#0 M "$*5%$F-$DE) "2 <%2S?K./$# B /)1702X$"#"2 /)3.$5$;#M F42<>434BL26 3F;/<34 26 ?4Y6 BL(24) e (25). Em primeiro lugar, podemos vericar que a oração.B6?3<3.3 BL ejsh : LB826 <2LF;BO3 B6?4>?>43;LB8?B X : LB824

X Q>B ejthM PV Q>B 8B6?B 6B .V 3 4BFB?/012 .2 6>PB/?2 e3663 U-"#.0h

E -L 6B9>/.3M : T3</;LB8?B 82?VDB; Q>B 3 T4BQUY8</3 <2L Q>Bocorre a estrutura oracional exemplicada em (25) é bem inferiorà quantidade de ocorrências do modelo canônico de (24). Paraconstatar isso, conra a tabela 8.

]24 2>?42 ;3.2M ^ L3/24 <2LF;BO/.3.B 83 B6?4>?>43 BLejth 812 <244B6F28.B L3/24 943> .B <2LF;BO/.3.B <298/?/D3disso signica que a oração destacada em (24), apesar de serB6?4>?>43;LB8?B LB826 <2LF;BO3 Q>B 3 F4B6B8?B BL ejthM812 B8D2;DB LB824 B6T2402 <298/?/D2 BL 6B> F42<B663LB8?2BL 4B;3012 3 B6?3M F24 .B/O34 32 /8?B4;2<>?24 2 ?43N3;A2 .B4B<>FB434 2 4BTB4B8?B .2 4B;3?/D2M T3?2 Q>B 812 2<244B BL

ejthM D/6?2 Q>B B66B ?B4L2 DBL 4BFB?/.2M T3</;/?38.2 366/L 2 F42<B663LB8?2 .3 /8T24L3012E

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C3NB;3 ga Distribuição das relativas copiadora e canônica no 6)%7-* 8 9 (

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acima representam desvios do modelo canônico de construção da<;V>6>;3 4B;3?/D3 e<28T24LB B8?B8./.2 FB;3 ?43./012 824L3?/D3h

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B -8" "8$(" 8$'2"E @28?>.2M 612 T24L36 .B 24938/I301283?>43;LB8?B >?/;/I3.36 FB;26 T3;38?B6 .3 ;K89>3 F24?>9>B63 BL6/?>30WB6 <2?/./3836 .B <2L>8/<3012M <28T24LB 3F28?3L2638?B4/24LB8?BE $66/LM : 8B<B66V4/2 <286/.B434 ?3/6 >626 <2L2>L3 L38B/43 3 L3/6 .B B6?4>?>43012 .B >L3 243012 3.PB?/D3 BM<2L2 ?3;M LB4B<BL 6B4 L2?/D2 .B B6?>.2o38V;/6B 82 3LN/B8?B .363;3 .B 3>;3E kBP3L26 <2L2 /662 F2.B 6B .34E $F42DB/?38.2 2<244Y8</36 <2L2 B6636 82 ?43N3;A2 <2L26 3;>826M 2 F42TB6624 F2.B ;BDVR;26 /8/</3;LB8?B 3 <28AB<B4 3B6?4>?>43 .B66B ?/F2 243</283; eQ>BM 83 4B3;/.3.BM F2><2 ./TB4B.26 .BL3/6h F343M F26?B4/24LB8?BM <28T428?VR;2 <2L 2>?426 ?/F26M

como o modelo canônico e o da adjetiva cortadora, mas sem3F;/<34 P>KI2 .B D3;24M .B 624?B Q>B B;B6 FB4<BN3L Q>B ?2.36 612/9>3;LB8?B T24L36 F266KDB/6 .B 24938/I3012 .3 <;V>6>;3 4B;3?/D3E! F3662 6B9>/8?B 6B4/3 3662</34 <3.3 L2.B;2 .B66B ̂ 6 6/?>30WB6 .B>62M 2 Q>B /LF;/<3 <286</B8?/I34 26 3;>826 .B Q>BM BL 6/?>30WB6formais, por exemplo, deva ser dada preferência à forma canônicaBo2> ^ <24?3.243 BL .B?4/LB8?2 .3 <2F/3.243E

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! <28T428?2 .36 B6?43?:9/36 6B .34/3 T>8.3LB8?3;LB8?BBL 3?/D/.3.B6 .B 4BB6<4/?>43 .B ?BO?26M <3LF2 N36?38?B F42.>?/D2

para a observação e xação de estruturas regulares, bem como F343 2 BOB4<K</2 .3 <2LFB?Y8</3 <2L>8/<3?/D3 BL 9B43;E %2<362 .26 BOBLF;26 3</L3M 3;9>L36 F34?/<>;34/.3.B6 F4B</63L 6B4<286/.B43.36E

@286/.B4BL26 /8/</3;LB8?B 26 BOBLF;26 ejjhM ejuh BejfhM Q>B F42F2L26 ?2L34 BL <28P>8?2 FB;2 T3?2 .B Q>B 8B;B626 4B;3?/D26 366>LBL T>8012 812RF4BF26/</283.3E %3 F42.>012.B66B6 B8>8</3.26M 26 T3;38?B6 F42D3DB;LB8?B 812 4B<28AB<B43L826 4B;3?/D26 /8?42.>?24B6 .3 <;V>6>;3 3.PB?/D3 e0'/3M U-3 BU-3M 4B6FB<?/D3LB8?Bh 26 6B>6 38?B<B.B8?B6 2> 6/LF;B6LB8?B26 .B6<286/.B4343LM .3K F24Q>B 26 4BFB?/43L 8>L3 T24L3<244BTB4B8?B e*9M 3*" B 3*"hE $;:L ./662M .B6<286/.B438.2 3 T24L34BFB?/.3M 26 .2/6 F4/LB/426 BOBLF;26 <28?3L 3/8.3 <2L >L3/8DB4612 6/8?V?/<3a 2 3.P>8?2 3.DB4N/3; .B ejjhM 4BF4B6B8?3.2

FB;2 0'/3M 366/L <2L2 2 2NPB?2 ./4B?2 .B ejuhM .B6BLFB8A3.2

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12$)d B U-3M BL ejfhM 4BLB?B 3-1# #1$3# 1$.Q#hE @2L /662M B;B6<AB934/3L 3 82?34 3 812 8B<B66/.3.BM L>/?36 DBIB6M .B BLF4B9343 T24L3 <244BTB4B8?B B <28<;>/4/3L Q>B 26 BOBLF;26 ejjhM ejuh B

ejfh 6B4/3L /9>3;LB8?B <2LF4BB86KDB/6 <2L 3 6B9>/8?B 4B.3012aejj3h ;V 83 EEE 83 T3<>;.3.B LB6L2 EEE 0'/3 3- .3'20 83-6"8$(06 3 .-/0 EEE : 3 S%&]-@eju3h EEE 82 Q>3.42 ?BL >L3 F34?B 82 LB/2U-3 50+J EEE 50+J "D#3 ?BL EEE 3 F34?B F43 EEE F43 F36634 6;/.B6 EEEejf3h EEE ?BL >L3 3L/93 L/8A3 U-3 '-'+" .353 -8'"80#"/0 '" 5$/" /3*" EEE

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4B<28AB</LB8?2M F24 F34?B .26 T3;38?B6M .2 4BTB4B8?B .26 F4282LB6 4B;3?/D26M B;B6 ?YL BL <2L>L 2 T3?2 .B 2 F4282LB4B;3?/D2 366>L/4 T>8012 F4BF26/</283.3a 2NPB?2 /8./4B?2 B 3.P>8?23.DB4N/3;M 4B6FB<?/D3LB8?BM ?B4L26 Q>BM 826 BOBLF;26M D/B43L83 F26/012 /8/</3; .3 243012 3.PB?/D3E %B66B <362M 6B 812 T266BBLF4B93.3 3 T24L3 <244BTB4B8?B e3*3M 82 F4/LB/42 BOBLF;2MB "*$M 82 2>?42h 3;:L .3 F26/012 /8/</3; .26 ?B4L26 e2NPB?2 B3.P>8?2hM 36 2<244Y8</36 <28?34/3L ?3LN:L <2L 2 .B6;2<3LB8?2

.3 F4BF26/012a B;3 F4B<B.B4/3 26 82LB6 Q>B 3 4B9BL e(06."# B.$#"#hE ” 6BLB;A3803 .2 F42<B./LB8?2 3.2?3.2 F343 26 BOBLF;2638?B4/24B6M 2 F42TB6624M 3 F34?/4 .36 3?/D/.3.B6 .B 4BB6<4/?>43

F42F26?36 3 6B>6 3;>826M ;BDVR;26R/3 3 <28T428?34 36 ./TB4B8?B6T24L36 .B 24938/I3012 .3 <;V>6>;3 3.PB?/D3M B8<28?438.2M F24BOBLF;2M F343 26 <3626 3</L3M 36 6B9>/8?B6 F266/N/;/.3.B6a

ejp3h EEE B8?12 8_6 ?K8A3L26 >L F42TB6624 /3 U-38 'm6'<0 (06.95"806 EEEejpNh EEE B8?12 8_6 ?K8A3L26 >L F42TB6624 U-3 'm6'<0 (06.95"806 EEEejg3h EEE B> F42<>42 83 F3/639BL EEE >L F28?2 EEE >L F28?2

Q>B B> F2663 EEE >L F28?2 /8/</3; EEE /3 0'/3 3- 50- .$#"#.0/0 0 /363'20 EEEejgNh EEE B> F42<>42 83 F3/639BL EEE >L F28?2 EEE >L F28?2Q>B B> F2663 EEE >L F28?2 /8/</3; EEE 0'/3 3- 50- .$#"#.0/0 0 /363'20 EEE=B/?2 /662M 2 F42TB6624 F42<B.B4/3M P>8?3LB8?B <2L

26 3;>826M 32 ;BD38?3LB8?2 .36 ./TB4B8036 B8?4B 3 4B;3?/D3copiadora e as outras construções (cortadora e canônica). Para o

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caso de (26a) e (28a), que exemplicam as relativas canônicas,em relação a (26) e (28), os alunos vericariam as seguintes3;?B430WB6a 3>6Y8</3 .2 B;BLB8?2 <244BTB4B8?B B 2 .B6;2<3LB8?2.3 F4BF26/012 F343 3 F26/012 /8/</3; .3 243012 4B;3?/D3E %2 <362.B ejpNh B ejgNhM B;B6 2N6B4D34/3LM 3;:L .3 3>6Y8</3 .2 ?B4L2Q>B 4BF42.>I 2 38?B<B.B8?B .2 4B;3?/D2M 2 b<24?Bc .3 F4BF26/012/3

E -6636 <286?3?30WB6M 83?>43;LB8?BM 6B4/3L 3<2LF38A3.36 B24/B8?3.36 FB;2 F42TB6624M Q>B 6B B8<344B934/3 .BM F3>;3?/83LB8?BM6/6?BL3?/I34 2 <28?BZ.2 943L3?/<3; BL B6?>.2E

$9/8.2 366/LM 2 F42TB6624 B6?34V D3;24/I38.2 34B3;/.3.B ;/89UK6?/<3 .2 3;>82M >L3 DBI Q>B F34?/4V .B;3 F343 23F4B8./I3.2 .B 2>?436 T24L36 B >626 .3 ;K89>3 B F42F24</2834V3 B;B >L ;BQ>B .B F2?B8</3;/.3.B6 .B66B6 >626M 3.BQ>38.2R26 32<28?BO?2 <2L>8/<3?/D2E $;:L ./662M B663 F26?>43 .2 F42TB6624

F266/DB;LB8?B ?B4/3 /LF;/<30WB6 83 F42.>012 ?BO?>3; .26 3;>826eQ>B4 243; 2> B6<4/?3hM F34?/<>;34LB8?B 82 ?2<38?B ̂ 4B<244Y8</3 ̂ 6B6?43?:9/36 .B 4B;3?/D/I3012E

k3;B 63;/B8?34 Q>B 812 Q>B4BL26 ./IB4 Q>B 2 B6?>.2.36 6>N24./83.36 3.PB?/D36 .BD3 F34?/4 .36 <2F/3.2436M L36>8/<3LB8?B Q>B 2 F42TB6624 812 6B 3?B8A3 BO<;>6/D3LB8?B 3apresentar o modelo canônico (ou qualquer outro) como a formaZ8/<3 .B <286?4>012 .B <;V>6>;36 4B;3?/D36M .B6F4BI38.2 36 .BL3/6

F266/N/;/.3.B6M <2L2 6B B;36 812 <286B9>/66BL DB/<>;34 2 LB6L2<28?BZ.2 6BL\8?/<2 2> <>LF4/4 3 LB6L3 T>8012 F439LV?/<3E

$/8.3 4B?2L38.2 3 /LF24?\8</3 .B663 F26?>43 FB.39_9/<3.2 F42TB6624 .B ;K89>3 F24?>9>B63M Q>B 6B D2;?3 62N4BL38B/43 32

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$ F42F26?3 .B 4BB6<4/?>43 3N4B B6F302 F343 2 ;Z./<2M F343 2 P29282 B86/82 .B ;K89>3 F24?>9>B63E $2 3<4B6<B8?34M 4B?/434M .B6;2<342> ?4386T24L34 F240WB6 2> ?B4L26 .3 6BQUY8</3 ?BO?>3;M B6?1226 3;>826 3F4B8.B8.2 3 L38/F>;34 812 6_ 3 B6?4>?>43 ./6<>46/D3ML36 ?3LN:L 26 6B8?/.26M 26 <28?BZ.26 DB/<>;3.26 FB;3 LB6L3M.B6B8D2;DB8.2 /8./D/.>3; B <2;B?/D3LB8?B 6>3 <3F3</.3.B .B FB4<BF012 .26 34?/TK</26 2> 4B<>4626 .B ;/89>39BL 3 Q>B ?2.26B6?12 6>NLB?/.26 8>L3 <2L>8/.3.B ;/89UK6?/<3E

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"B<28AB<BL26M 366/LM 2 B824LB D3;24 Q>B 366>LBL 363?/D/.3.B6 .B 4BD/612 ?BO?>3; 4B3;/I3.36 FB;26 3;>826M 62N4B?>.2BL <28<2L/?\8</3 <2L 2 B6?>.2 .B F28?26 943L3?/<3/6E %2caso especíco das orações adjetivas, essas atividades ligam-6BM F4/8</F3;LB8?BM ^ 4BB6?4>?>43012 .B FB4K2.26 F24 LB/2.3 P>8012 .B 2430WB6E


@2L B6?B ?43N3;A2M F42<>43L26 /8DB6?/934M ^ ;>I .3T>8.3LB8?3012 ?B_4/<3 T>8</283;/6?3M 36 B6?43?:9/36 .B 24938/I3012.3 <;V>6>;3 3.PB?/D3M <2L .B6?3Q>B F343 3 .2 ?/F2 <2F/3.243M

NBL <2L2 26 LB<38/6L26 6/8?V?/<26M 6BL\8?/<26 B ./6<>46/D26B8D2;D/.26 82 F42<B662 .B <286?4>012 4B;3?/D3E $?43D:6 .B 82663 38V;/6BM <286?3?3L26 Q>B 3 <;V>6>;3relativa copiadora congura-se como uma estrutura regular,L34<3.3 eF34</3;LB8?Bh BL 2F26/012 32 <34V?B4 812RL34<3.2.3 <244B6F28.B8?B F3.412M B Q>B 4B6F28.B 3 >L3 8B<B66/.3.B

./6<>46/D3a 3 BOF4B66/D/.3.BE $;:L ./662M .B?B<?3L26 Q>B B663B6?43?:9/3 : 4B<244B8?B 3 Q>3/6Q>B4 T3;38?B6 .B 82663 ;K89>3M/8.BFB8.B8?BLB8?B .B 6B> 943> .B B6<2;34/.3.BE Vericamos ainda que a recorrência às relativas copiadoras/8.BFB8.B .3 <3?B924/3 F42?2?KF/<3 .3 243012 3.PB?/D3 e4B6?4/?/D32> BOF;/<3?/D3h 2> .3 T>8012 6/8?V?/<3 366>L/.3 FB;26 B;BLB8?26Q>B 36 B8<3NB03L e26 F4282LB6 4B;3?/D26ha B;36 2<244B43L <2L2 4B;3?/D2 83 T>8012 .B 6>PB/?2M 62N4B?>.2M B 836 .B <2LF;BLB8?2DB4N3; B 3.P>8?2 3.DB4N/3;E ]24 2>?42 ;3.2M <286/.B438.2 36L2.3;/.3.B6 T3;3.3 B B6<4/?3M FB4<BNBL26 Q>B 3 4B<244Y8</3 ^6<2F/3.2436 6B .V L3</03LB8?B 82 F4/LB/42 <362M >L3 DBI Q>B

824L3;LB8?B B8D2;DB LB824 943> .B T24L3;/.3.BM .3K 3 <28<BF012Q>B ?BL26 .B ;K89>3 <2L2 >L3 B6?4>?>43 L3;BVDB;M F24 B6?346>PB/?3 3 F4B66WB6 .B >62E %B66B 6B8?/.2M 3 D34/3012 ;/89UK6?/<3<286?/?>/ <3LF2 .B B6?>.2 BO?4BL3LB8?B F42.>?/D2E !>?43 <286?3?3012 82663 4BTB4BR6B 32 T3?2 .B Q>B 2 BLF4B92.36 4B;3?/D36 <2F/3.2436 4BL28?3 3M FB;2 LB826M .2/6 6:<>;26e<TE C$"$HH!M *fgr B *fgthE $;:L ./662M 3FB634 .36 F2><362<244Y8</36 Q>B B8<28?43L26 82/)%7-* 383;/63.2M 3 2N6B4D3012

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32 F42<B662 .B 943L3?/<3;/I3012M PV Q>B B663 B6?43?:9/3M BLN243812 ?B8A3 3F4B6B8?3.2 >L 3;?2 K8./3; .B 2<244Y8</36836 FB6Q>/636 4B3;/I3.36M FB;2 LB826 L38?BDBR6B B6?VDB; BL?B4L26 .B >62 F24 >L ;2892 FB4K2.2E -8?B8.B8.2M 366/LM Q>B 2 L2.B;2 .3 243012 3.PB?/D3Q>B 4BFB?B 2 B;BLB8?2 38?B<B.B8?B .2 4B;3?/D2 4BF4B6B8?3 >L32F012 .B B;3N243012 .3 <;V>6>;3 4B;3?/D3M 3<4B./?3L26 F2.B4B6?B ?43N3;A2 <28?4/N>/4 32 B86/82R3F4B8./I39BL .B 6/8?3OB .2

FB4K2.2 <2LF26?2 BL ;K89>3 F24?>9>B63M 32 LB826 FB4L/?/8.2ao professor da língua materna adotar uma postura mais exívelQ>38?2 ^6 F266/N/;/.3.B6 .B 4B./9/4 2430WB6M 62N4B?>.2 36

3.PB?/D36M BM F24 <286B9>/8?BM T3IB8.2R2 ;/NB4?34R6B >L F2><2 .36rígidas prescrições da gramática normativa. Isso não signica,<28?>.2M Q>B 8B93L26 2 ;B93.2 .2 B86/82 824L3?/D2 2> .2 B6?>.2

F4B6<4/?/D2 .B 82663 ;K89>3M L36 >8/<3LB8?B Q>B F4B?B8.BL26<28?4/N>/4 F343 >L B86/82 F42.>?/D2 .2 F24?>9>Y6E Por m, acreditamos, também, que o que zemos neste?43N3;A2 812 B8<B443 3 Q>B6?12 .36 2430WB6 4B;3?/D36E !>?42636FB<?26 3/8.3 AV Q>B LB4B<BL 6B4 /8DB6?/93.26E %2 ?2<38?B ^63.PB?/D36 <2F/3.2436M F34B<BR826 3/8.3 /8<B4?2 6B B663 T24L3 .B24938/I3012 B6?V 4B3;LB8?B 6B 943L3?/<3;/I38.2E $;:L ./662Ma identicação de um número menor de representação dessas

2430WB6 83 F4/LB/43 LB?3.B .B .2/6 6:<>;26 <286B<>?/D26 BL2F26/012 ^ 2>?43 LB?3.B .B66B6 LB6L26 6:<>;26 <343<?B4/I34/3>L3 <286?38?B€ )12 Q>B6?WB6 Q>B F4B</63L 6B4 ./6<>?/.36M ?3;DBIem estudos da natureza deste, a m de que se perpetue não apenasa investigação cientíca bem como a procura pelo aprimoramento.2 F42<B662 .B B86/82R3F4B8./I39BL .3 ;K89>3 L3?B483E

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