Cooler & Heater Report

8/12/2019 Cooler & Heater Report

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G.H.RAISONI POLYTECHNIC, JALGAON. Page 1

G.H.RAISONI POLYTECHNIC, JALGAON

GAT NO 269, NEAR SHANBAG VIDYALAYA

AT POST SAVKHEDA (B.K.), JALGAON.

A

PROJECT REPORT

ON

air cooling with dehumidification & heating ,economically

SUBMITTED BY:-

AJAY BHALERAO

SHRIKRISHNA TAGAD

ROHIT MAHALE

SANDIP DHANGARSUYOG GIRNARE

GUIDED BY:-MR. DIPAK S. CHAUDHRI

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL

ENGINEERING

G.H.RAISONI POLYTECHNIC, JALGAON.

2013-14


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AT POST SAVKHEDA (B.K.), JALGAON.

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

2013-14

CERTIFICATE

This is certify that the Project Report Entitled air cooling with

dehumidification & heating ,economicallysubmitted by shrikrishna tagad,

Ajay bhalerao, rohit mahale, sandip dhangar, suyog girnare of academic year2013-14 is the Report of the original work carried by them under our guidance andsupervision.

It is further certified that it meets requirement of the course of MechanicalEngineering prescribed in the syllabus of MSBTE.

DATE: / /2014 PLACE: Jalgaon

(Mr. D.S.Chaudhari) (Mr. N. C. Pawar)

(Guide) (H. O. D)

(Mr. G. B. Nimbhore) (Mr. T. M. Patil)

(Project Coordinator) (Principle)


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AT POST SAVKHEDA (B.K.), JALGAON

CERTIFICATE


dehumidification & heating ,economically submitted by Ajay bhalerao,shrikrishna tagad, rohit mahale, sandip dhangar, suyog girnare of academic year2013-14 is the Report of the original work carried by them under our guidance andsupervision.



(Mr. D.S. Chaudhari) (Mr. N. C. Pawar)

(Guide) (H. O. D)

(Mr. G. B.Nimbhore) (Mr. T. M. Patil)



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Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education

CERTIFICATE


dehumidification & heating ,economically submittedby Ajay bhalerao,shrikrishna tagad, rohit mahale, sandip dhangar, suyog girnare of academic year2013-14 is the Report of the original work carried by them under our guidance andsupervision.



(Mr. D. S. Chaudhari) (Mr. N. C. Pawar)

(Guide) (H. O. D)

(Mr. G. Nimbhore) (Mr. T. M. Patil)



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ACKNOWLDGEMENTS

We had a vision of doing an outstanding research work and to

pursue Diploma of Engineering. Our guide Mr. D.S .Chaudhri taught uslike good teacher endowed us with their talent; accomplished us as awise critic and helped us as a generous friend. It is due to their grace thatthe dream could turn into reality. No words of gratitude shall besufficient to express our feeling towards them.

We would also like to exhibit our thankfulness to our Head ofDepartment Mr. N. C. Pawar, who contributed their useful suggestions

and encouraged us for doing this work.Our sincere thanks to Mr. T. M. Patil, Head of the Institute who

provided us all the facilities to work. His personality, which is a modelfor the researches, has always motivated us.

Our Strength to our loving parents and work is dedicated to theirblessings, well wishes, inspiration and encouragement.

Shrikrishna tagad Ajay bhalerao Sandip Dhangar

Rohit mahale Suyog girnare


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ABSTRACT

Air cooling with dehumidification & heating, economically

Cooling coils provide both sensible cooling and moisture removal. Data fromfield test studies have demonstrated that the moisture removal capacity of a coolingcoil degrades at part-load conditions, especially when the supply air fan operatescontinuously. Degradation occurs because moisture that condenses on the coilsurfaces during the cooling on cycle evaporates back into air stream when the coilis off. This paper presents initial laboratory and field results that characterize the

part- load dehumidification performance of various cooling systems.

The lab and field measurements compare well to theoretical algorithms thathave been developed to predict this part-load phenomenon (Henderson andRengarajan 1996). The lab data have also confirmed many of the underlyingassumptions of the theoretical model. The paper also discusses the types ofapplications and control modes where part- load latent degradation is the greatestconcern.

In our project include heating coil (heater) which heats the entire room inwinter season economically & efficiently. It means that our project can be used asa heater & cooler both. After some development & improvement in this project we

can easily cool the drinking water bottles & increase the deterioration period ofvegetables, knownvage & other foods.

If think entire project, our project is based on refrigeration theory & it is acombination of air cooler, air heater & refrigeration unit.


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CHAPTER NO.:-1

INTRODUCTION


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INTRODUCTION

We are planning to design a new product that can be used in existing domestic coolersystems.

The product is humidity based efficient evaporative cooler system which maintains thehumidity range within optimum levels suitable for the human body.

The product is named as combiswhitch.

If you are exploring the heating and cooling options for a new house or looking for ways toreduce your energy bills, you may be considering a heat pump. A heat pump can provide year-round climate control for your home by supplying heat to it in the winter and cooling it in thesummer. Some types can also heat water. In general, using a heat pump alone to meet all your

heating needs may not be economical. However, used in conjunction with a supplementary form

of heating, such as an oil, gas or electric furnace, a heat pump can provide reliable and economicheating in winter and cooling in summer. If you already have an oil or electric heating system,installing a heat pump may be an effective way to reduce your energy costs. Nevertheless, it is

important to consider all the benefits and costs before purchasing a heat pump. While heat pumpsmay have lower fuel costs than conventional heating and cooling systems, they are more

expensive to buy. It is important to carefully weigh your anticipated fuel savings against theinitial cost. It is also important to realize that heat pumps will be most economical when used

year round. Investing in a heat pump will make more sense if you are interested in both summercooling and winter heating. In addition to looking at cost, you should consider other factors.


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CHAPTER NO.:- 2

HISTORY


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HISTORY

Schematic diagram of an ancient Iranianwindcatcher and quant, used for evaporative cooling of

buildings (click image to enlarge)

Civilizations throughout the ages have found ingenious ways to combat the heat in their region.An earlier form of air cooling, thewind catcher (Bad gir), was invented inPersia (Iran)thousands of years ago in the form of wind shafts on the roof, which caught the wind, passed itover subterranean water in a quant and discharged the cooled air into the building. NowadaysIranians have changed the wind catcher into an evaporative cooler (Cooler bi) and use it

widely.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windcatcherhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windcatcherhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iranhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Air_cooler.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wind-Tower-and-Qanat-Cooling-1.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Air_cooler.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wind-Tower-and-Qanat-Cooling-1.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iranhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windcatcherhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windcatcher


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The evaporative cooler was the subject of numerous US patents in the 20th century; many ofthese, starting in 1906, suggested or assumed the use ofexcelsior (wood wool)pads as theelements to bring a large volume of water in contact with moving air to allow evaporation tooccur. A typical design, as shown in a 1945 patent, includes a water reservoir (usually with levelcontrolled by afloat valve), a pump to circulate water over the excelsior pads and asquirrel-cage

fan to draw air through the pads and into the house. This design and this material remaindominant in evaporative coolers in theAmerican Southwest,where they are also used to increasehumidity. In the United States, the use of the term swamp coolermay be due to the odor of algaeproduced by early units.

Evaporative cooling was in vogue for aircraft engines in the 1930s, for example with theBeardmore Tornado airship engine. Here the system was used to reduce, or eliminate completely,theradiator which would otherwise create considerabledrag.In these systems the water in theengine was kept under pressure with pumps, allowing it to heat to temperatures above 100C, asthe actualboiling point is a function of the pressure. The superheated water was then sprayedthrough a nozzle into an open tube, where it flashed into steam, releasing its heat. The tubes

could be placed under the skin of the aircraft, resulting in a zero-drag cooling system.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wood_woolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Float_valvehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centrifugal_fanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centrifugal_fanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Southwesthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beardmore_Tornadohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiatorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drag_(physics)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boiling_pointhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boiling_pointhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drag_(physics)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiatorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beardmore_Tornadohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Southwesthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centrifugal_fanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centrifugal_fanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Float_valvehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wood_wool


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CHAPTER NO.:- 3

HUMIDIFICATION


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HUMIDIFICATION

What is humidity?

Humidity is something we hear about daily in weather reports.

Absolute humidity is the mass of water vapour divided by the mass of dry air in a volume of airat a given temperature.

Relative humidity is the ratio of the current absolute humidity to the highest possible absolutehumidity (which depends on the current air temperature)

Humidity and human body

When the relative humidity is high, we feel much hotter than actual temperature.

If the relative humidity is low, we feel much cooler than the actual temperature because oursweet evaporates easily cooling us off.

The heat index is an index that combines air temperature and the relative humidity in an attemptto determine the human-perceived equivalent temperature.

People tend to feel most comfortable at a relative humidity of about 45%.

Existing evaporative cooler systems

An evaporative cooler is a device that cools air through the evaporation of water.

Evaporative cooling differs from typical air conditioning system which use vapour compressionor absorption refrigeration cycles.

Evaporative cooling works by employing waters large enthalpy of vaporization.

The temperature of dry air can be dropped significantly through the phase transition of liquidwater to water vapour, which requires much less energy than refrigeration


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Energy Management in the Home

Heat pumps are very efficient heating and cooling systems and can significantly reduceyour energy costs. However, there is little point in investing in an efficient heating system if yourhome is losing heat through poorly insulated walls, ceilings, windows and doors, and by air

leakage through cracks and holes. In many cases, it makes good sense to reduce air leakage andupgrade thermal insulation levels before buying or upgrading your heating system. A number ofpublications explaining how to do this are available from Natural Resources Canada

Summer Cooling May Add to Energy Bills

Heat pumps supply heat to the house in the winter and cool the house in the summer. Theyrequire electricity to operate. If you add a heat pump to your heating system or convert fromanother fuel to a heat pump, and your old system was not equipped with central air conditioning,you may find that your electricity bills will be higher than before.


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CHAPTER NO.:- 4

THE PRINCIPLES OF EVAPORATIVE

COOLING


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THE PRINCIPLES OF EVAPORATIVE COOLING

As water is evaporated, energy is lost from the air, reducing the temperature. Twotemperatures are important when dealing with evaporative cooling systems.

How Does an Evaporative Air Conditioner Work?

Evaporative air conditioning uses evaporation to cool the air. In an evaporative cooler, such asBreezier, a pump circulates water from the reservoir on to a cooling pad, which in turn becomesvery wet. A fan draws air from outside the unit through the moistened pad. As it passes throughthe pad the air is cooled by evaporation. The key to effective evaporative cooling is ensuring thateach of the cooling pads are completely saturated at all times during operation and that thesystems fan & motor are sized and designed to deliver the appropriate airflow for the home.


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CHAPTER NO.:- 5

WORKING OF HEAT

PUMP


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WORKING OF HEAT PUMP

WHAT IS A HEAT PUMP AND HOW DOES IT WORKS?

A heat pump is an electrical device that extracts heat from one place and transfers it toanother. The heat pump is not a new technology; it has been used in Canada and around theworld for decades. Refrigerators and air conditioners are both common examples of thistechnology.

DIAGRAM:-

Heat pumps transfer heat by circulating a substance called a refrigerant through a cycle ofevaporation and condensation. A compressor pumps the refrigerant between two heat exchangercoils. In one coil, the refrigerant is evaporated at low pressure and absorbs heat from itssurroundings. The refrigerant is then compressed en route to the other coil, where it condenses athigh pressure. At this point, it releases the heat it absorbed earlier in the cycle.

Refrigerators and air conditioners are both examples of heat pumps operating only in thecooling mode. A refrigerator is essentially an insulated box with a heat pump system connectedto it. The evaporator coil is located inside the box, usually in the freezer compartment. Heat isabsorbed from this location and transferred outside, usually behind or underneath the unit wherethe condenser coil is located. Similarly, an air conditioner transfers heat from inside a house tothe outdoors.

The heat pump cycle is fully reversible, and heat pumps can provide year-round climatecontrol for your homeheating in winter and cooling and dehumidifying in summer. Since theground and air outside always contain some heat, a heat pump can supply heat to a house even


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on cold winter days. In fact, air at18C contains about 85 percent of the heat it contained at21C.

An air-source heat pump absorbs heat from the outdoor air in winter and rejects heat intooutdoor air in summer. It is the most common type of heat pump found in Canadian homes at

this time. However, ground-source (also called earth-energy, geothermal, geoexchange) heatpumps, which draw heat from the ground or ground water, are becoming more widely used,particularly in British Columbia, the Prairies and Central Canada.


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PROBLEM STATEMENT

To design an energy efficient device which when connected to an existing cooler system

controls the cooling effect base on variation humidity.

The product should be economical in hardware realization and efficient in power seeing.

MOTIVATION

Low humidity cause respiratory illness or certain allergies breathing problems and maycause joint pain.

On the other hand high humidity encourages bacteria mould and fungus growth

To design such a system which can work at relative humidity levels and to maintainoptimum rang of humidity.


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CHAPTER NO.:- 6

COMPONENTS OF COOLER &

HEATER


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COMPONENTS OF COOLER & HEATER

1] Cooler Fan:-

Our professionals hold immense experience in manufacturing and supplying wide rangeof Cooler Fan. This range of products comprises a wide variety of fans to be used in air coolers.These fans are provided in an extensive array of sizes and specifications. To fabricate thisproduct, we use high-grade raw material and components, thus giving it a sturdy construction.

We supply Cooler Fans of unmatched quality that is preferred by the clients for low powerconsumption, high efficacy, noise free operation, durability and other such qualities. The CoolerFan that we manufacture brings in repeated orders from the customers based in different parts of

the world.

Praised For : Used In :

Dynamic balance 1) Hot areas of working unit Speedy performance 2) Homes Low maintenance 3) Offices. Longer service life


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2] Cooler Fan Motor:-

We are the leading suppliers of premium quality Cooler Fan Motor, which ismanufactured from Condenser Fan Motor units. Specially sourced from the most reliablevendors under the strict supervision of our experienced professionals, these products are highlyappreciated for their high durability, excellent efficiency, and low power consumption. Withtheir stringent quality check on various required parameters, these products adhere to the set

International Quality Standards. And in addition to this, these products are commonly used in airconditioning machines because of their ability to enhance the performance of condensers andfinally leading to better air conditioning.

We are engaged in manufacturing & supplying of a wide assortment of Inch ExhaustMotors that are known for high performance, durability and wear & tear resistance. Theseare manufactured using high grade raw material procured form authentic vendors. Our rangeundergoes rigorous quality tests assuring they are in compliance with industry quality standards.


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3] Heater Coils

We have come up with various types of Super Heater Coils,which are extremelydurable. These coils are provided in various sizes and shapes. Our coils are manufactured usingsuperior quality carbon steel for protection against corrosion. We also offer these coils to thecustomers at cost-effective rates. We are looking for queries from Vidarba Region.Heating Elements

Our super heater coils are manufactured using carbon steel and alloy steel tubes. Inprimary and secondary stages of captive power plants and thermal power plants, these coils areused. Our coils are offered as per the drawings and specifications of the clients. These coils areavailable with us in various lengths. Some highlighting features of these coils are:

Durability Resistance to corrosion

High tensile strengthApplications:Helical coil heating elements often are used as a direct replacement for plug/rack heatingelements originally installed in industrial heating equipment.

Furnace Type:Convection furnaces and ovens, melting and holding furnaces, die casting equipment, and glasslairs.

Material Options:Nickel/chrome, iron/chrome/aluminum.

Temperature Range:200 F to 2280 F (93 C to 1250 C).

Power Rating:As required.


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4] Cooler Pump:

We specialize in electric fan motors and cooler pumps. It has also been drawingsignificant demand in the world markets, thanks to its enduring performance record andengineering superiority.

We offer good quality submersible pumps for various purposes. Our range ifsubmersible pumps are manufactured to deliver efficient output even for longer hours of work.These submersible pumps consume less electricity. The special thrust bearing design with astainless steel jacket provides durability.


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CHAPTER NO.:- 7

OTHER TERMS


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OTHER TERMS

A Btu/h, or British thermal unit per hour, is a unit used to measure the heat output of aheating system. One Btu is the amount of heat energy given off by a typical birthday candle. Ifthis heat energy were released over the course of one hour, it would be the equivalent of oneBtu/h.

Heating degree-days are a measure of the severity of the weather. One degree-day iscounted for every degree that the average daily temperature is below the base temperature of18C. For example, if the average temperature on a particular day was 12C, six degree-dayswould be credited to that day. The annual total is calculated by simply adding the daily totals.

A kW, or kilowatt, is equal to 1000 watts. This is the amount of power required by ten100-watt light bulbs.

A ton is a measure of heat pump capacity. It is equivalent to 3.5 kW or 12 000 Btu/h.

The coefficient of performance (COP) is a measure of a heat pumps efficiency. It isdetermined by dividing the energy output of the heat pump by the electrical energy needed to runthe heat pump, at a specific temperature. The higher the COP, the more efficient the heat pump.This number is comparable to the steady-state efficiency ofoil- and gas-fired furnaces.

The heating seasonal performance factor (HSPF) is a measure of the total heat output inBtu of a heat pump over the entire heating season divided by the total energy in watt hours ituses during that time. This number is similar to the seasonal efficiency of a fuel-fired heating

system and includes energy for supplementary heating. Weather data characteristic of long-termclimatic conditions are used to represent the heating season in calculating the HSPF.

The energy efficiency ratio (EER) measures the steady state cooling efficiency of a heatpump. It is determined by dividing the cooling capacity of the heat pump in Btu/h by theelectrical energy input in watts at a specific temperature. The higher the EER, the more efficientthe unit.

The seasonal energy efficiency ratio (SEER) measures the cooling efficiency of the heatpump over the entire cooling season. It is determined by dividing the total cooling provided overthe cooling season in Btu by the total energy used by the heat pump during that time in watt

hours. The SEER is based on a climate with an average summer temperature of 28C.

The thermal balance point is the temperature at which the amount of heating provided bythe heat pump equals the amount of heat lost from the house. At this point, the heat pumpcapacity matches the full heating needs of the house. Below this temperature, supplementary heatis required from another source.


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The economic balance point is the temperature at which the cost of heat energy suppliedby the heat pump equals the cost of heat supplied by a supplementary heating system. Below thispoint, it is not economical to run the heat pump.

Certification and Standards

The Canadian Standards Association (CSA) currently verifies all heat pumps for electricalsafety. A performance standard specifies tests and test conditions at which heat pump heatingand cooling capacities and efficiency are determined. The performance testing standards for airsource heat pumps are CSA C273.3 and C656. CSA has also published an installation standardfor add-on air sourceheat pumps

The industry has worked with CSA to publish standards to test the efficiency of groundsource heat pumps, and to ensure that they are designed and installed properly. These standards

are CSA C13256-1-01 and C448 Series-02, respectively. Minimum efficiency standards are inplace for air-source and ground-source heat pumps in someprovinces and under CanadasEnergy Efficiency Regulations.

Efficiency Terminology

The efficiency ratings for different types of heat pumps use different terminology. Forexample, air-source heat pumps have seasonal heating and cooling ratings. The heating rating isthe HSPF; the cooling rating is the SEER. Both are defined above. However, in themanufacturers cataloguesyou may still see COP or EER ratings. These are steady state ratingsobtained at one set of temperature conditions and are not the same as the HSPF or SEER ratings.

Earth-energy systems use only COP and EER ratings. Again, these ratings only hold forone temperature condition and cannot be directly used to predict annual performance in anapplication. In the section of this booklet titled "Major Benefits of Earth-Energy Systems" (seepage 37), the COP ratings were used in a calculation to estimate HSPFs in different regionsacross Canada. HSPFs are not normally used to express the efficiency of earth-energy systems,but are used here to enable a comparison with air-source heat pumps.


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AIR-SOURCE HEAT PUMPS

Air-source heat pumps draw heat from the outside air during the heating season and rejectheat outside during the summer cooling season.

There are two types of air-source heat pumps. The most common is the air-to-air heatpump. It extracts heat from the air and then transfers heat to either the inside or outside of yourhome depending on the season.

The other type is the air-to-water heat pump, which is used in homes with hydraulic heatdistribution systems. During the heating season, the heat pump takes heat from the outside airand then transfers it to the water in the hydraulic distribution system. If cooling is providedduring the summer, the process is reversed: the heat pump extracts heat from the water in thehomes distribution system and"pumps" it outside to cool the house. These systems are rare, andmany dont provide cooling; therefore, most ofthe following discussion focuses on air-to-air

systems.

More recently, ductless mini-split heat pumps have been introduced to the Canadianmarket. They are ideal for retrofit in homes with hydraulic or electric resistance baseboardheating. They are wall-mounted, free-air delivery units that can be installed in individual roomsof a house. Up to eight separate indoor wall-mounted units can be served by one outdoor section.

Air-source heat pumps can be add-on, all-electric or bivalent. Add-on heat pumps aredesigned to be used with another source of supplementary heat, such as an oil, gas or electricfurnace. All-electric air-source heat pumps come equipped with their own supplementary heatingsystem in the form of electric-resistance heaters. Bivalent heat pumps are a special type,

developed in Canada, that use a gas or propane fired burner to increase the temperature of the airentering the outdoor coil. This allows these units to operate at lower outdoor temperatures.

Air-source heat pumps have also been used in some home ventilation systems to recoverheat from outgoing stale air and transfer it to incoming fresh air or to domestic hot water.


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CHAPTER NO.:- 9

CYCLES OF HEAT PUMP


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CYCLES OF HEAT PUMP

An air-source heat pump has three cycles: the heating cycle, the cooling cycle and thedefrost cycle.

1] THE HEATING CYCLE

During the heating cycle, heat is taken from outdoor air and "pumped" indoors.

First, the liquid refrigerant passes through the expansiondevice, changing to a low-pressure liquid/vapour mixture. It then goes to the outdoor coil, which acts as the evaporator coil.The liquid refrigerant absorbs heat from the outdoorair and boils, becoming a low-temperature vapour.

This vapour passes through the reversing valve to the accumulator,which collects any

remaining liquid before the vapour enters the compressor. The vapour is then compressed,reducing its volume and causing it to heat up.

Finally, the reversing valve sends the gas, which is now hot,to the indoor coil, which isthe condenser. The heat from the hot gas is transferred to the indoor air, causing the refrigerant tocondense into a liquid. This liquid returns to the expansion device and the cycle is repeated. Theindoor coil is located in the ductwork, close to the furnace.

The ability of the heat pump to transfer heat from the outside air to the house depends onthe outdoor temperature. As this temperature drops, the ability of the heat pump to absorb heatalso drops.

At the outdoor ambient balance point temperature, the heat pumps heating capacity isequal to the heat loss of the house. Below this outdoor ambient temperature, the heat pump cansupply only part of the heat required to keep the living space comfortable, and supplementaryheat is required.

When the heat pump is operating in the heating mode without any supplementary heat, theair leaving it will be cooler than air heated by a normal furnace. Furnaces generally deliver air tothe living space at between 55C and 60C. Heat pumps provide air in larger quantities at about25C to 45C and tend to operate for longer periods.


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2] THE COOLING CYCLE

The cycle described above is reversed to cool the house during the summer. The unit takesheat out of the indoor air and rejects it outside.

As in the heating cycle, the liquid refrigerant passes through the expansion device,changing to a low-pressure liquid/vapour mixture. It then goes to the indoor coil, which acts asthe evaporator. The liquid refrigerant absorbs heat from the indoor air and boils, becoming alow-temperature vapour.

This vapour passes through the reversing valve to theaccumulator, which collects anyremaining liquid, and then to the compressor. The vapour is then compressed, reducing itsvolume and causing it to heat up.

Finally, the gas, which is now hot, passes through the reversing valve to the outdoor coil,which acts as the condenser. The heat from the hot gas is transferred to the outdoor air, causing

the refrigerant to condense into a liquid. This liquid returns to the expansion device, and thecycle is repeated.

During the cooling cycle, the heat pump also dehumidifies the indoor air. Moisture in theair passing over the indoor coil condenses on the coils surface and is collected in a panat thebottom of the coil. A condensate drain connects this pan to the house drain.

3] THE DEFROST CYCLE

If the outdoor temperature falls to near or below freezing when the heat pump is operatingin the heating mode, moisture in the air passing over the outside coil will condense and freeze on

it. The amount of frost buildup depends on the outdoor temperature and the amount of moisturein the air.

This frost buildup decreases the efficiency of the coil by reducing its ability to transferheat to the refrigerant. At some point, the frost must be removed. To do this, the heat pump willswitch into the defrost mode.

First, the reversing valve switches the device to the coolingmode. This sends hot gas tothe outdoor coil to melt the frost. At the same time the outdoor fan, which normally blows coldair over the coil, is shut off in order to reduce the amount of heat needed to melt the frost.

While this is happening, the heat pump is cooling the airin the ductwork. The heatingsystem would normally warm this air as it is distributed throughout the house.

One of two methods is used to determine when the unit goes into defrost mode. Demand-frost controls monitor airflow, refrigerant pressure, air or coil temperature and pressuredifferential across the outdoor coil to detect frost accumulation on the outdoor coil.


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CHAPTER NO.:- 10

MAJOR BENEFITS OF AIR-SOURCE

HEAT PUMPS


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CHAPTER NO.:- 11

MAINTENANCE


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Operating Costs

The energy costs of a heat pump can be lower than those of other heating systems,particularly electric or oil heating systems.

However, the relative savings will depend on whether you are currently using electricity,oil, propane or natural gas, and on the relative costs of different energy sources in your area. Byrunning a heat pump, you will use less gas or oil, but more electricity. If you live in an areawhere electricity is expensive, your operating costs may be higher. Depending on these factors,the payback period for investment in an air-source heat pump rather than a central air conditionercould be anywhere from two to seven years. Later in this booklet, heating energy costcomparisons between air-source and ground-source heat pumps and electric and oil heatingsystems will be made.

Life Expectancy and Warranties

Air-source heat pumps have a service life of between 15 and 20 years. The compressor isthe critical component of the system.

Most heat pumps are covered by a one-year warranty on parts and labour, and anadditional five- to ten-year warranty on the compressor (for parts only). However, warrantiesvary between manufacturers, so check the fine print.


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CHAPTER NO.:- 12

ADVANTAGES


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ADVANTAGES

First the new system is a lot less costly to install when compared with refrigerator airconditioners thereby settling up a cooler cost only about one eight to a half of refrigerator air

conditioner.

Operating it is also cheaper accounting just a fourth of what is expanded on refrigerator air.

The benefit of both fan and motor combined with advance electronic controls manage andmonitor the motor to ensure that the system runs at optimum efficiency at all times.

The system is a smart that it even adjusts the motor speed automatically to cope with differenthumidity levels.

Less expensive to install

Estimated cost for installation is about half that of central refrigerated air conditioning.[13]

Less expensive to operate

Estimated cost of operation is 1/8 that of refrigerated air.[14] Power consumption is limited to the fan and water pump. Because the water vapor is not

recycled, there is nocompressor that consumes most of the power in closed-cyclerefrigeration.

Ease of maintenance

The only two mechanical parts in most basic evaporative coolers are the fan motor and thewater pump, both of which can be repaired at low cost and often by a mechanically inclinedhomeowner.

Ventilation air

The constant and high volumetric flow rate of air through the building reduces the "age-of-air" in the building dramatically.

Evaporative cooling increaseshumidity.In dry climates, this may improve comfort anddecreasestatic electricityproblems.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evaporative_cooler#cite_note-13http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evaporative_cooler#cite_note-13http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evaporative_cooler#cite_note-13http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evaporative_cooler#cite_note-14http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evaporative_cooler#cite_note-14http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evaporative_cooler#cite_note-14http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_compressorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humidityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Static_electricityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Static_electricityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humidityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_compressorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evaporative_cooler#cite_note-14http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evaporative_cooler#cite_note-13


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CHAPTER NO.:- 13

DISADVANTAGES


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DISADVANTAGES

1. High humidity condition decrease the cooling efficiency

2. Under the high humidity environment, when the relative humidity is around 80-90%, theelectrical system will eventually undergoes corrosion & moisture surface.

3. As the humidity increase, however, the ability for them to cool the air effectively decreases.


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CHAPTER NO.:- 14

APPLICATION


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APPLICATION

1) This Air Cooler Used In Hospital.

2) This Air Cooler Used In Industries.3) In Future This Air Cooler Used In Cooling The Water Bottles.4) It Can Be Also Used For Increasing The Deterioration Period Of Vegetables & non veg.5) It Can Be Also Used For To Maintain A Temperature Of Equipment In Industries.

6) Industrial Fields: Textile, Socks/Clothes Making, Glass, Molding, Rubber, Coating, Silk-Screen Printing, Toy, Electronics, Home Appliances, Shoe Making, Printing, Food Stuff,Processing, Dyeing, Laundry And Other Workshops With High Temperature.

7) Civil Fields: Net Bars, Stores, Supermarkets, Mess Hall, Food Markets, Waiting-Rooms And

Recreation Places And Other Occasions With Air-Conditioning. Agricultural Fields: LargeFarms, Greenhouse And Livestock Farms, Etc.

Cool Almost Any Area


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CHAPTER NO.:- 15

FUTURE SCOPE


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FUTURE SCOPE

In the feature design evaporative air coolers, the comb switch can be integrated within the coolerstructure itself.

Using a RF module, the comb switch can be controlled through a remote control, which willmake it even more user-friendly.

An LCD displaying relative humidity and the temperature may also be incorporated within suchas advanced cooler.

An additional control may be provided for the blower speed control.

A dehumidifier may also be employed to improve the performance of cooler system.


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CHAPTER NO.:- 16

CONCLUSION


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CONCLUSION

The key to success in applying dehumidification systems is to address the

installation issues associated with each system. When designing dehumidificationsystems, it is important to focus on the detailed installation requirements of the

equipment and components chosen for the application.


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CHAPTER NO.:- 17

REFERENCES


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REFERENCES

1. Kheirabadi, Masoud (1991). Iranian cities: formation and development. Austin, TX:

University of Texas Press. p. 36.ISBN978-0-292-72468-6.

2. John Zellweger (1906)."Air filter and cooler".U.S. patent 838602.

3. Bryant Essick (1945)."Pad for evaporative coolers".U.S. patent 2391558.

4. Scott Landis (1998).The Workshop Book.Taunton Press. p. 120.ISBN978-1-56158-

271-6.

5. Gutenberg, Arthur William (1955).The Economics of the Evaporative Cooler Industry in

the Southwestern United States.Stanford University Graduate School of Business.

p. 167.

6. Such units were mounted on the passenger-side window of the vehicle; the window wasrolled nearly all the way up, leaving only enough space for the vent which carried the

cool air into the vehicle.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Numberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-292-72468-6http://www.google.com/patents?=04pHAAAAEBAJ&printsec=abstract&zoom=4&dq=cooling+excelsior&as_drrb_is=b&as_minm_is=1&as_miny_is=1799&as_maxm_is=1&as_maxy_is=1910&num=30#PPA2,M1http://www.google.com/patents?id=Z2BKAAAAEBAJ&pg=PA1&dq=excelsior+evaporative-cooler&as_drrb_is=b&as_minm_is=1&as_miny_is=1900&as_maxm_is=1&as_maxy_is=1950&num=30&rview=1&source=gbs_selected_pages&cad=0_1#PPA1,M1http://books.google.com/books?id=bs7I7qf5cUQC&pg=PA120&dq=evaporative+cooler+%22squirrel+cage%22+southwest+popularhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Numberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56158-271-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56158-271-6http://books.google.com/books?id=uq1EAAAAIAAJhttp://books.google.com/books?id=uq1EAAAAIAAJhttp://books.google.com/books?id=uq1EAAAAIAAJhttp://books.google.com/books?id=uq1EAAAAIAAJhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56158-271-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56158-271-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Numberhttp://books.google.com/books?id=bs7I7qf5cUQC&pg=PA120&dq=evaporative+cooler+%22squirrel+cage%22+southwest+popularhttp://www.google.com/patents?id=Z2BKAAAAEBAJ&pg=PA1&dq=excelsior+evaporative-cooler&as_drrb_is=b&as_minm_is=1&as_miny_is=1900&as_maxm_is=1&as_maxy_is=1950&num=30&rview=1&source=gbs_selected_pages&cad=0_1#PPA1,M1http://www.google.com/patents?=04pHAAAAEBAJ&printsec=abstract&zoom=4&dq=cooling+excelsior&as_drrb_is=b&as_minm_is=1&as_miny_is=1799&as_maxm_is=1&as_maxy_is=1910&num=30#PPA2,M1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-292-72468-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number

Documents

Cooler & Heater Report