CpE 423: Contol Systems/Robotics

Research Paper

Home Heating System

March 10, 2014

I. Introduction

In our present world, the advancement of technologies is rapid. Technologies today are so important that it is now part of humanity. It is the desire of man to be more efficient that made technologies bloom as it is now. Many applications of technologies became wider as people grow much more intellectual by countless experimentation throughout the history of humanity. One of the said applications of technology can be seen in our very home, especially in controlling the temperature inside. This application can be seen in homes where temperatures can drop below 16 degrees Celsius. Homes that are located in tropical regions mostly do not have this application because temperatures are 16 degrees Celsius higher. Homes today are more sophisticated, with its advanced technology systems like security, automation, etc. that were not being integrated in homes for the past years. We may see that in the distant past, things like cooking, cleaning and etc. will all be done by technology and with little intervention by humans.

A heating system is a system where the temperature inside our homes are being monitored and controlled based on the desired temperature given by a person. The system consists of a controller that allows a person to control and maintain temperature inside the house. The system also has an actuator which consists of servo motors for mechanical operations of the system. It also has a process called the heating operation which consists of a radiator and pipes that run through inside the house where actual heating inside the house takes place. Lastly, it also has a sensor which determines the actual temperature inside the house. Basically, heating system does not only apply to houses alone, it can also apply to any fields. For example, in industries where machines create too much heat that would cause an increase in temperature and would make the workers more inefficient. Systems like this can be made with more sophisticated applications and can be integrated more with other technologies.

II. OperationA. System Operation:

- For the home heating system, the first stage is to allow a person to establish the desired temperature inside the house. The desired temperature is interpreted and monitored by the controller of the system. The controller then controls the actuator of the system which will allow the servo motors do the mechanical operation of the system by allowing the heating element go through the next stage of the heating system, which is called the heating process. The heating process consists of pipes that are connected to a chamber where the heating element is being stored and to a radiator where actual heating inside the house takes place by emitting hot air which would create a circulation of air inside the house and therefore increasing the temperature until the desired temperature is met. Sensors then detect the actual temperature

inside the house and its information is sent back to the controller. The controller then interprets the difference between the desired and the actual temperature then gives the necessary operation to start the whole heating system again.

B. Individual Elements Operation:1. Controller – Basically, the controller is responsible for allowing a person to

control and maintain the temperature and it is responsible for interpreting the information sent from the sensors and the desired temperature given by the person. It is also responsible for controlling the actuator of the system.

2. Actuator – the actuator basically is responsible for controlling the servo motors that allows the heating element to go through the next step of the heating process. It includes the pumps and the pressure gauges.

3. Heating Process – the heating process consists of pipes and radiator and it is responsible for the actual heating inside the house.

4. Sensor – the sensor is responsible for getting the actual temperature and sends it to the controller and it is also responsible for giving the necessary operations for the controller.

Below shows the block diagram of the system:

ControllerHeating Process

Actuator+

-

Sensor

Application:

1. Medicine- For preserving and sanitation of medical equipments and apparatuses.

2. Education- For educating students to operate the system and to give them knowledge

about the system.

3. Industry- For monitoring heat and temperature level inside the workplace especially in a

machinery room.

4. Residential - For maintaining room temperature especially in areas where temperatures are

low.

5. Chemistry- For maintaining heat generated by chemical reactions of substances that are

subject for study.

Images:

Sketch:

Application of Control System:

Problem: Finding the range of K for stability.

A=R(S)-D Eq.1

B=Ak Eq.2

C= B

s+0.4 Eq.3

D=0.1C (S)s+0.1

Eq.4

C(S)=0.7C

s2+1.7 s+0.25 Eq.5

Eq.1 in Eq.2

B=[R(S)-D]k Eq.6

Eq.6 in Eq.3

C= [R (S )−D ] ks+0.4

Eq.7

Eq.7 in Eq.4

C(S)=0.7 { [R (S )−D ] k

s+0.4}

s2+1.7 s0.25

Eq.8

K_ 0.7 __s2+1.7s+0.25

__1__s+0.4

+

-

_ 0.1__s+0.1

A B C C(S)

D

R(S)

Eq.5 in Eq.8

C(S)=0.7 {[R (S )−0.1C (S )

s+0.1 ] ks+0.4

}

s2+1.7 s+0.25

C(S)[s2+1.7s+0.25]=0.7kR (S )−0.07 kC (S )

s+0.1s+0.4

C(S){[s2+1.7s-+0.25+0.07k

(s+0.1)(s+0.4 )}=0.7kR(S)(s+0.4)

C(S)R(S)=

0.7 ks+0.4

s2+1.7 s+0.25+ 0.07 k(s+0.1)(s+0.4)

=T(S)

Signal Flow:

KR(S) B

__1__s+0.4

B

_ 0.1__s+0.1

B _ 0.7 __

s2+1.7s+0.25 C(S) B

Stability:

T(S)=s4+2.2s3+1.14s2+0.193s+0.07k+0.01

Graphs:

Scope:

Step:

Poles and Zeros: