Control of Vines and Brush in Control of Vines and Brush in Natural AreasNatural Areas

Jeff Hutchinson and Ken LangelandU.F. Agronomy Dept.Center for Aquatic and Invasive Plants IFAS SC 2010

Integrated Pest Management:Mechanical controlBiological controlHerbicidesLand management practicesKnowledge of pestEducation

MethodsOf

HerbicideApplication

Hack and Squirt

Cut Stump Foliar

Application Method(s)Brand Name(s)Active Ingredient

FoliarMilestoneAminopyralid

FoliarClearcastImazamox

FoliarPlateauImazapic

FoliarEscort XPMetsulfuron

FoliarVistaFluroxypyr

SoilVelpar L, Velpar ULWHexazinone

Foliar, stump, hack and squirt

Garlon 4Triclopyr ester

Foliar, stump, hack and squirt

Terrestrial: Garlon 3AAquatic: Renovate 3

Triclopyr amine

Foliar (+ imazapyr)Stump, Hack and Squirt

Terrestrial: RoundupAquatic: Rodeo

Glyphosate*

Foliar, Stump, Hack and Squirt

Terrestrial: ArsenalAquatic: Habitat

Imazapyr*

*Generic products available

Herbicide Behavior in Soil

Moderate30 daysLowTriclopyr

Moderate25-142 daysHighImazapyr

Moderate120 daysModerateImazapic

High90 daysHighHexazinone

Bound47 daysNoneGlyphosate

MobilityHalf-lifeRoot Uptake

Foliar Applications• Broadcast or spot treatments• Application equipment

– Backpack/handheld sprayer– High pressure vehicle

mounted– Aerial (helicopter)

• Herbicides– Glyphosate– Triclopyr amine– Triclopyr ester– Imazapyr

• Surfactants– Penetration– Spreading

Cut Stump Applications• Cut as level as possible• Sweep off sawdust• Treat as soon as possible• Concentrate on living

tissue• Use enough herbicide

Bark

Dead wood

Living tissue

• Herbicides– Glyphosate– Triclopyr amine– Triclopyr ester– Imazapyr

Basal Bark Applications• Herbicides

– Oil soluble (EC)• Triclopyr ester• imazapyr

• Diluents– Vegetable oil

• Most readily breaks down

– Mineral oil– Diesel fuel not

recommended

Hack and Squirt Applications

• Herbicides– Imazapyr– Glyphosate – Triclopyr amine– Triclopyr ester

• Equipment– Spray bottles

• Used for trees with thick or scaly bark

• Cut all the way around stem• Cut all the way in to cambium• Apply herbicide to exposed cambium• Use dyes• Treat within 15 minutes of cut

Selective treatments: 1) basal bark, 2) hack and squirt, and 3)cut stump

Red mangrove

Some Common and Not-so-Common Invasive Vines and

Brush Found in Natural Areas of Florida

Old World Climbing Fern(Lygodium microphyllum)

Northern Everglades

Dense Infestation – Jonathan Dickinson S.P., Martin County

Foliar spray Poodle-cut

- Low growing, not climbing into canopy

- Climbing into canopy- Cut at 4-5 feet above ground

X

New growth from spore germination

- Typically takes two treatments to get OWCF cover to < 5%- Follow-up treatments will be required

Ground TreatmentsInitial Treatment:• Glyphosate (1-3% product)• Metsulfuron methyl (2 oz / 100 gallons)• Triclopyr (1-3% product)• Imazapic (1% product)• Imazamox (?)

Follow-up Treatments:• Use a different herbicide than used in initial treatment• Tank mixes• Imazapyr (?)• Aminopyralid (?)• Fluroxypyr (?)

Japanese climbing fern(Lygodium japonicum)

HerbicidesGlyphosateTriclopyrMetsulfuron

Japanese Climbing FernTwice Compound (3-pinnate)

Old World Climbing FernOnce Compound (2-pinnate)

HerbicidesGlyphosateTriclopyrAminopyralid?Imazamox?

Air potato, winged yam(Dioscorea bulbifera)(D. alata)

Skunk vine(Paederia foetida)

HerbicidesGlyphosateTriclopyrImazapicAminopyralid

MethodsFoliarBasal barkCut stem

Japanese clematis(Clematis terniflora)

HerbicidesTriclopyrGlyphosate

MethodsFoliarBasal bark

Cat’s-claw vine (Macfadyena unguis-cati)

Triclopyr ester - cut vine, pull away from tree and treat cut surface and bark

Rosary Pea(Abrus precatorius)

• Foliar spray – “dense”infestations-glyphosate, triclopyr amine

• Cut – treat base with triclopyr ester

• Collect seed pods

Flame Vine (Pyrostegia venusta)

- Cut stems above nodes- Treat nodes with 10% triclopyr ester

Coral ardisia(Ardisia crenata)

Foliar•Triclopyr•Imazapic•Triclopyr+Imazapic

Basal bark•Triclopyr ester (?)

Cerulean flaxlily (Dianella ensifolia)

Foliar spray- Imazapyr- Metsulfuron

Australian Pine(Casuarina equisetifolia)

Basal bark, hack and squirt, or cut stump• triclopyr ester

Brazilian Pepper(Schinus terebinthifolius)

FoliarTriclopyrImazapyrImazamox (?)Metsulfuron (?)

Basal barkTriclopyrFluroxypyr

+ ImazapyrCut stump

TriclopyrGlyphosate

+ Imazapyr

Model - impacts of invasive plants

0

50

100

150

200

0 25 50 75 100

Invasive Plant Cover (%)

Nat

ive

Plan

t Cov

er (%

)

?Initial

Invasion

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Time (?)

Inva

sive

Pla

nt C

over

(%)

Eradication possible

Managementstage

Eradication unlikely

Hobbs and Humphries, 1995

Books – available at IFAS bookstore (http://ifasbooks.ifas.ufl.edu/ or 1-800-226-1764 )

Websites - management plans, images, publications, law, and lots of other information

http://plants.ifas.ufl.edu/ http://www.fleppc.org/

Wunderlin, R. P., and B. F. Hansen. 2008. Atlas of Florida Vascular Plants (http://www.plantatlas.usf.edu/). [S. M. Landry and K. N. Campbell (application development), Florida Center for Community Design and Research.] Institute for Systematic Botany, University of South Florida, Tampa.

Source of Range Maps:

University of South Florida Herbarium