CONTEXT OF DECISION MAKING

Session 3

Session Objectives

Explain the context of decision making

Define the concept of stakeholders

Explain the importance of involving stakeholders throughout the data use in decision-making cycle

Introduce the Stakeholder Analysis and Engagement tools

Session Overview

Context of decision making Stakeholders

Decisions

Data

Small Group Activity 3: Stakeholder Analysis and Engagement

Group Participation

How can we ensure that information is being used to make diagnoses

and inform decisions?

Stake-holders

Decisions

Context of Decision Making

Data

Stake-holders

Decisions

Context of Decision Making

Data

What Is a Stakeholder?

Any person, group, or organization with a particular interest in a policy or program Government agencies Beneficiaries Policymakers Funding agencies Providers / implementers Civil society Researchers M&E specialists

Stakeholders

Nongovernmental organizations

Professional associations

Religious leaders

Journalists/media

Private sector/business

Data Producers vs. Data UsersData producers think that decision makers:

• Value “political” considerations over evidence

• Are unprepared to measure or evaluate the consequences of their decisions

Decision makers or data users think that health researchers and M&E specialists:

Lack responsiveness to priorities Favor numbers / jargon over transparent

communication Prefer written reports to face-to-face conversation

Importance of Knowing Your Stakeholders

View activities from different perspectives

Have different degrees of understanding

Need / want different information

Need information at different levels of complexity

Have different intensities of interest

Have different roles in the decision-making process

Results of Involving Stakeholders in Data Use Process

Relevance of data

Ownership of data

Appropriate dissemination of data

Use of data

Stakeholder Analysis Matrix & Engagement Plan

Clarify who has interest in a program and

what that interest is

Identify who can help a program and

how, and who can hurt it

Help you use this information for the

success of the planning effort

Stakeholder Analysis Matrix

The Stakeholder Analysis Matrix is a framework and process for:

Identifying stakeholders

Defining their roles and resources

Identifying dynamics among stakeholders

Setting the optimum stakeholder group

Stakeholder Analysis Matrix

Name of Stakeholder organization, group or individual

Stakeholder descriptionPrimary purpose, affiliation, funding

Potential role in the issue or activity

Level of knowledge of the issue

Level of commitmentSupport or oppose the activity, to what extent, and why?

Available resourcesStaff, money, technology, information, influence

Name of stakeholder organization, group, or individual

Stakeholder descriptionPrimary purpose, affiliation, funding

Potential role in the issue or activity

Level of knowledge of the issue

Level of commitmentSupport or oppose the activity, to what extent, and why?

Available resourcesStaff, money, technology, information, influence

National AIDS Control Committee (NACC)

Involved in planning, implementation, M&E of all HIV/AIDS programs in the country; approves donor and NGO-funded HIV/AIDS programs

Facilitates the stakeholder meeting, prepares for meeting by identifying data sources and preparing an agenda

High – receives reports on PMTCT activities from MCH division at MOH; Medium level of knowledge of int’l guidelines and studies

Strongly supports activity but hesitant to use international data sources. NACC opposes use of the DHS and most recent international estimates, as it considers these sources to overestimate HIV prevalence

Staff available to facilitate; room and computers available for meetings at NACC headquarters

Stakeholder Analysis Matrix Program issue Develop plan (inc. M&E plan) to scale up PMTCT programs throughout system.Proposed activity Convene stakeholders to identify priorities based on available data and develop action plan.Date November 2006

How to Involve Stakeholders

Quarterly program management meetings

Quarterly meetings to interpret RHIS data

Involvement of facility staff to interpret program data

M&E system improvement

Indicator planning and/or harmonization

Data quality review meetings

Stakeholder Engagement Plan

Stakeholder organization, group,

or individual

Potential role in the activity

Engagement strategy

How will you engage this stakeholder in the activity?

Follow-up strategyPlans for feedback

or continued involvement

Program issueProposed activityDate

Stakeholder Engagement Plan

Stakeholder organization, group, or individual

Potential role in the activity

Engagement strategyHow will you engage this

stakeholder in the activity?

Follow-up strategyPlans for feedback or

continued involvement

National AIDS Control Committee (NACC)

Facilitates the stakeholder meeting, prepares for meeting by identifying data sources and preparing an agenda that allows for the sources to be discussed

The NACC is the lead in this activity. It will be important for the NACC to involve more specifically the PMTCT coordinator, clinical care coordinator, and National AIDS Program Coordinator

The NACC is responsible for following up with the prioritized stakeholders

Program issue Develop plan (inc. M&E plan) to scale up PMTCT programs throughout system.Proposed activity Convene stakeholders to identify priorities based on available data and develop action plan.Date November 2006

Stake-holders

Decisions

Context of Decision Making

Data

Decision Areas

Program design and evaluation

Program management and improvement

Strategic planning

Advocacy and policy development

Program Design and Evaluation

Design

Select messages for prevention campaigns

Evaluation

Determine if new program approaches are needed to ensure that health impact objectives are met

Program Management and Improvement

Management

Determine if the program is meeting its process objectives

Improvement

Develop new strategies to increase coverage

Strategic Planning

Identify geographic areas of highest need

Determine human resource allocation

Determine which of offered services is making the greatest impact

Advocacy and Policy Development

Identifying and quantifying underserved populations

Identifying focus areas for new policies

Stake-holders

Decisions

Context of Decision Making

Data

Data and Information Census Vital events data Surveillance data Household surveys Facilities-level service statistics Financial and management information Modeling, estimates, and projections Health research

Stake-holders

Decisions

Factors Other than Data that Influence Decisions

Data

Political Ideology

Competing Priorities

Power Relationships

Public Opinion

Arbitrariness

StakeholdersStakeholders Involve new counterpartsnew counterparts

Strengthening the Decision-making Process

DecisionsDecisions Understand service delivery realitiesrealities

DataData May require additional datadata

Key Messages

Every decision is made in the context of

available data and stakeholders

Critically assessing and involving stakeholders

will facilitate data-informed decision making

Small Group Activity 3: Instructions Break into small groups.

Each group should select a decision that they make in their work settings and complete the Stakeholder Analysis Matrix around that decision.

A minimum of 7 stakeholders should be identified.

Complete the Matrix across the columns for 1–2 stakeholders.

Select 1 stakeholder and complete the Stakeholder Engagement Plan for that stakeholder.

Time for activity: 45 minutes

Group Work Report Back

Have note taker transfer your final Stakeholder Analysis Matrix onto flip chart paper

Share the decision your group chose

Share the priority stakeholders selected

Choose 1 stakeholder and share the entire row from the Matrix for that stakeholder

Share the Engagement Plan for the same stakeholder

Time for report back: 10–15 min per group

THANK YOU!MEASURE Evaluation is a MEASURE project funded by the U.S. Agency for International Development and implemented by the

Carolina Population Center at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partnership with Futures Group International, ICF Macro, John Snow, Inc., Management Sciences for Health, and Tulane University. Views expressed in this presentation do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the U.S. Government.

MEASURE Evaluation is the USAID Global Health Bureau's primary vehicle for supporting improvements in monitoring and evaluation in

population, health and nutrition worldwide.

Visit us online at http://www.cpc.unc.edu/measure