Context-Aware ComputingABHILASH SREERAMANENI Department Of Computer Science & EngineeringSeoul National University Of Science And Technology2014

Content Layout

Introduction to Context-Aware Computing

What Is Context?

What Is Context Awareness (CA)?

Context-Aware Applications (CAA)

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Introduction to Context-Aware Computing

Computers are not currently enabled to take full advantage of the context on human computer dialogue.

Increase the richness of communication in human-computer interaction.

Improving language, humans can interact with computers.

Increasing amount of situation information made available to computers

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Introduction to Context-Aware Computing

Human to interact in natural input techniques like speech andgestures, this way is very clear to computer what user is saying.

Goal of CA computing is to give absolute context to improvehuman-computer interaction.

CAA is developed to collect absolute contextual informationthrough automated means.

Mobile computing and ubiquitous computing have given to usersto collect information. 4

What Is Context?

Unclear idea of context is not sufficient, in order to use contexteffectively.

Better understanding of context will enable application designersto choose what context to use in their applications.

Provide understanding data need to support quality idea andmechanisms require to support CA computing.

Context(1994) is defined as location, identities of nearby people and objects, and changes to those objects.

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What Is Context?

Important aspects of context (1994), where you are, whom youare with, and what resources are nearby.

Context to be constantly changing execution environment:

Computing, User, Physical environment’s.

Finally, Dey and Abowd (2000) define context as any informationthat can be used to characterize the situation of an entity

An entity is a person, place, or object that is considered relevantto the interaction between a user and an application. 6

What Is Context?

Context is all about the whole situation relevant to an applicationand its set of users.

CAA looks at who’s, where’s, when’s and what’s of entities.

Application does not actually determine why a situation isoccurring, but the designer of the application does.

Location, identity, time, and activity are important context typesfor characterizing the situation

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What Is Context?

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What Is Context Awareness(CA) ? First discussed in 1994 as software, adapts according to its location

of use, the collection of nearby people and objects, as well aschanges to those objects over time.

Context-aware has become synonymous with, adaptive, reactive,responsive, situated, context sensitive and environment directed.

Ability of computing devices to detect and sense, interpret andrespond to aspects of a user’s local environment and the computingdevices themselves. 9

Architecture of Context-Aware System

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What Is Context Awareness ?

Use of context to automate a software system, to modify an interface,and to provide maximum flexibility of a computational service.

Application that monitor input from environmental sensors acts uponcontext is restrictive.

Narrow view of context automatically provide information and takeactions according to the user’s present context as detected by sensors.

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Categorization of Features for Context Aware Application Two orthogonal dimensions (Schilit), whether the task is to obtain

information or to execute a command, and whether the task is executedmanually or automatically.

Retrieve information for user manually based on available context is“Proximate selection Application”. Automatic retrieve is classified as“automatic Contextual reconfiguration”.

“Contextual Command”, execute commands manually on user’s context.

“Context trigger actions”, service executed automatically when rightcombination of situation exists based on if-then rules.

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Categorization of Features for Context Aware Application Pascoe (1998) consider overlap between two taxonomies with crucial

difference and identify classes to CAA.

First Feature is “contextual Sensing”, ability to detect information and present it to user’s sensory system.

“Contextual Adaption”, execute are modify service automatically. “Contextual resource discovery”, same as “automatic Contextual reconfiguration”.

“Contextual Augmentation”, ability to associate digital data with user’s context. 13

Categorization of Features for Context Aware Application Dey and Adowd consider three categories:

1. Presentation of information and services to a user.

2. Automatic execution of a service.

3. Tagging of context to information for later retrieval.

Final feature presents two important feature “Information and Service”.It does not use exploitation of resource discovery.

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Context Awareness

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Context Aware Application(CAA)

Historical of CAA:

Active Badge system (1992) is commonly viewed as the First CA system, application users wore Active Badges, infrared transmitters that transmitted a unique identity code.

Early work in CA computing known as “Location-Based Services”.

PARKTAB work(1995), provided systems and present information to users based on proximity to services.

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Context Aware Application Pattern

SEEK

ENLARGE

EXAMINE

MODEL

MODIFY

CLEAR

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Active Badge application

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Active Badge application

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Location-Based Application

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Context Aware Application(CAA)

CA in a huge no.of domains consider three canonical classes of application, tour guides, reminder systems, and environmental control.

Tour Guides:

Mobile Tour Guide is most canonical CAA.

Later systems(1997) consider user’s, interest and amount time they spent in choosing information to show and (1998)what tourist locations to recommend.

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Context Aware Application(CAA)

Reminders:

Second canonical CAA is CA reminder system, to indicate individualstriggered by chance in context.

Location –based service, deliver reminders when users is at particularlocation.

Sophisticated reminder system(2006) use a combination of different formsof context to triggered remainders to deliver right reminder & situationmore appropriately.

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Context Aware Application(CAA) Environmental Controls:

Third canonical context-aware application is a system to control an environment’s heating and lighting, generally for the purposes of being saving users effort.

Contemporary Context-Aware Applications

These CAA are quite simple today and moving from world of researchers in to commercial use.

Researchers and developers built application in a wide variety of domains.23

Context Aware Application(CAA) Interpersonal communications including instant messaging (2008).

Interrupt in office and while mobile (2005).

Phone calls (2000), Health care (2008), Location-aware systems.

Agriculture & Application personalization (2008).

Peripheral displays of information(1998).

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ConclusionMore important to point out that the field of CA computing is headed in

the right direction.

Crossing a threshold in maturity, researchers and developers are focusing their attention not on showing what is possible, but on what is compelling.

Greater number of researchers are building context-aware applications, but their focus is not context awareness.

Context awareness will certainly have reached an appropriate level of maturity when it is commonly viewed as an application feature, rather than as the focus of an application.

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Reference Abowd, G. D., Atkeson, C. G., Hong, J., Long, S., Kooper, R., and Pinkerton, M. (1997).

Cyberguide: A mobile context-aware tour guide. ACM wirless Networks(5).

Abowd, G. D., Dey, A. K., Orr, R. J., and Brotherton, J. (1998). Context-awareness inwearable and ubiquitous computing virtual riality3.

Assad, M., Carmichael, D., Kay, J., and Kummerfield, B. (2007). PersonisAD: Distributed, active, scrutable model framework for context-aware services.

Bardram, J. E. (2005). !e Java Context Awareness Framework (JCAF)—A service infrastructure and programming framework for context-aware applications.

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