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1 | P a g e
CAPACITY BUILDING &
ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT
FOR
VILLAGE LEVEL ENTREPRENEURS
2 | P a g e
CONTENTS FOR CAPACITY BUILDING AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME FOR VLEs
SL NO. CONTENTS PAGE NO.
1 Brief Introduction of the Programme 3 ‐ 8
2 Project Management 9 ‐ 12
3 Rural Entrepreneurship 13 ‐ 15
4 G2C for Enabling Rural Entrepreneurship 16 ‐ 18
5 Dealing with Multiple Stakeholders 19 ‐ 22
6 Digital India ‐ Various Components & Relavance to CSC 23 ‐ 26
7 Financial Inclusion : 27 ‐ 39
A. Insurance Services 28 ‐ 31
B. Financial Services 31 ‐ 36
C. Pension Services and DBT 36 ‐ 39
8 Transaction through Portal 40 ‐ 43
9 Educational Services : 44 ‐ 451
A. National Digital Literacy Mission/DISHA 45 ‐ 46
B. NIOS Service 46 ‐ 47
C. NIELIT Services 47 ‐ 50
D. CyberGram Yojana 50 ‐ 51
10 UIDAI Services 52 ‐ 56
11 Tele ‐ Helath Care 57 ‐ 59
12 Skill Development 60 ‐ 63
13 Basic Accounting Principles and Fund Management 64 ‐ 72
A. Basic Accounting Principles 65 ‐ 69
B. Banking and Fund Management 70 ‐ 72
14 E‐Commerce 73 ‐ 76
15 Grievance Redressal 77 ‐ 79
16 Advocacy, Communication & Awareness 80 ‐ 84
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Brief Introduction of the Programme
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Introduction
The Programme is being conducted to sensitize the VLEs about various aspects of the CSC
Scheme, the roles and responsibilities of the Village Level Entrepreneurs, Management of CSC
business, managing fund, skills required to manage the CSC business, various services that are
available for delivery through CSC Network, the essentiality of service delivery to the citizens
through the CSC network, process flow for delivery of services, maintaining relationship with
various stakeholders of CSC Scheme, etc. The entire exercise has been designed to Capacity
Building and enhancing entrepreneurial ship skill of the VLEs.
About CSC Scheme
National e‐Governance Plan (NeGP) envisages making all the government services accessible to
the common man in his locality through ICT enabled one stop shop called Common Services
Centres and ensure efficiency, transparency and reliability of such services at affordable costs to
realise the basic needs of common man. Common Services Centres (CSCs) are envisioned to facilitate a platform that will enable
government, private and social sector organisations to integrate their social and commercial
goals and bring benefits of information and communication tools to the remotest corners of
the country. It is believed that CSCs will bring rapid socio‐economic change in rural India.
CSCs were envisaged as internet enabled centres allowing doorstep access to citizens to
government, private and social sector services.
The CSC Scheme also envisions reducing the digital divide and incentivizing private sector to
realize the value at the bottom of the pyramid. The CSC Scheme has been designed to be
implemented under NeGP on Public‐Private‐Partnership (PPP) Platform.
The CSCs would act as the change agents and would be much more than the mere service
delivery points in the rural areas with structured platform.
A CSC promotes rural entrepreneurship; builds rural capacities and livelihoods enable
community participation and support collective action for social change through a bottom
up approach with focus on rural citizens.
The CSC eco‐system has been modeled to seamlessly work at the local level, but with a
single point focus of achieving the goal of rural prosperity at the national level. The Common Services Centre (CSC) Scheme was approved by the Government of India in September,
2006. The Scheme aimed at establishment of one lakh ICT enabled front‐end service delivery outlets,
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equitably across rural India in the ratio of one CSC per 6 (six) villages, thereby covering all the 6 (six)
lakh villages of the country. Additionally, 10% of the total mandated CSCs could be set up in urban
areas; however, no financial assistance would be available for such urban CSCs.
CSC 2.0 Scheme
On the basis of the outcome of the original CSC Scheme and to overcome the shortcomings of
the original Scheme, the Government of India has formulated the CSC 2.0 Scheme. CSC 2.0, approved
in August 2015, aims to establish self sustaining network of 2.5 lakhs CSC centres at Gram Panchayat
(GP) level (at least one CSC at each Gram Panchayat) under Digital India‐ Pillar 3‐Public Internet
Access Programme – National Rural Internet Mission and deliver various citizen centric services.
The model of CSC 2.0 is envisaged as transaction based and service delivery based model with an
effort towards optimum utilization of infrastructure created in the form of SWAN, SSDG, e‐
District, SDC and other ICT infrastructures created by the States for delivering a large bouquet of
e‐services through a single delivery technological platform, which would increase the
sustainability of the CSCs across the country.
This would include strengthening and integrating one lakh CSCs already operational under the
existing CSC Scheme and at the same time to operationalise the additional 1.50 lakh new CSCs at
the Gram Panchayat and Municipal Ward level.
The new CSC Scheme helps the VLEs to interact directly with the SDA through government
agencies like DeGS. The SDA will address the concerns of VLEs immediately through local
language help desk with support of CSC‐SPV.
The CSC 2.0 Scheme envisages developing a collaborative institutional framework model
involving the below named key stakeholders –
Department of Electronics & Information Technology (DeitY)
CSC e‐Governance Services India Limited (CSC SPV)
State Government
State Designated Agency (SDA)
District e‐Government Society (DeGS)
Village Level Entrepreneurs (VLE)
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Implementation Framework
CSC 2.0 is a complete entrepreneurship model, with State/UT Administration leading to
enablement of the factors that would lead to self sustenance of the CSC outlets. CSC SPV is the implementing agency for rollout of CSC 2.0 and the implementation would be
done through the involvement of State‐UT Administration/ State Designated Agency (SDA)/
District e‐ Governance Society (DeGS). In order to meet the expectation of all these stakeholders,
Government of India has installed the CSC ecosystem at all levels. The CSC ecosystem consists of –
However, in case the State/UT requires support from a Third Party (TP) to set up and
operationalise the CSC network in identified Districts, the State/UT Administration may engage a
TP through a suitable mechanism at the respective DeGS level and would be functional under the
framework of DeGS. These CSCs under the rollout of such TP/s would be compulsorily transacting
through the universal CSC technological platform that would be developed for CSC 2.0 and would
comply with the revenue sharing guidelines of the project.
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It is required that a collaborative effort of all concerned Departments / Ministries like
Department of Telecom, Ministry of Panchayati Raj, Ministry of Rural Development etc. is essential to
take forward the expansion of CSC Network for an enhanced process of service delivery.
CSC 2.0 recommends that revenue sharing with the VLEs is at least 80% of the income from the
commission on the transactions and balance 20% shall be apportioned to other stake‐holders,
leading to sustainability of VLEs.
CSC 2.0 envisages development of an integrated universal technological CSC platform to improve
the service delivery. The platform would be a secured cloud based platform and CSC SPV would
be required to make it live for the rollout of CSC 2.0.
Universal Technology Platform for Service Delivery
One of the four cornerstones of CSC 2.0 is the consolidated delivery of services through a
Universal Technology Platform. CSC 2.0 envisages development and deployment of a robust
universal technological platform for consolidated delivery of services to the citizens. The
platform would be a cloud based aggregation platform that would enable the VLE to deliver
service of any State/UT from its CSC. The CSCs will offer a standard list of services across the country supplemented by State/UT
specific services. While finalizing the list of State/UT‐level services and its pricing, the State/UT
may take into consideration the local requirements as well as sustainability of the CSCs. The
universal CSC technological platform will be connected through an appropriate open API to the
e‐Taal enabling transaction counts at national level on real time basis.
The services platform will include a cash management system for the VLEs (pre‐paid wallet,
mobile payment solutions, etc) as well as a MIS reporting system to enable seamless
reconciliation of transactions across various service providers along with financial settlement
across all stakeholders.
Consolidated Delivery of eServices
CSC 2.0 envisages consolidated delivery of e‐services through CSCs, therefore in this regard the
State/UTs, with suitable support from CSC SPV, would be required to make the CSCs sustainable
by enabling more services for delivery at the CSC outlets and undertaking various programmes to
increase the sustainability. For achieving the goal of consolidated delivery, following would be
required to be implemented :
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All respective service applications will be integrated with the proposed universal CSC
technological platform (managed by CSC‐SPV) for all the services. This includes mandatory
integration of the State/UT portals, TP portals, the e‐District services as well as portals of utility
services and other government department portals not included in e‐District.
All State/UT/TP and other B2C service providers participating in the CSC eco‐system will also be
required to integrate their services with the universal CSC technological platform and ensure that all VLEs
transact through this platform without which CSCs will not be considered as a part of the CSC Scheme.
The State/UT shall ensure the standard for e‐service delivery and enforce the same with requisite
service level agreements (SLAs) for service delivery by various Departments and Service Providers.
For sustainability of the CSCs, it is essential that all the possible e‐services are created and made
operational during the first year of the project. The State / UT may adopt a policy for ensuring
availability of minimum portfolio of active services, including those made available through the
state initiatives/SSDG/e‐District, etc, under this project.
HOW TO BE COME A VLE
Who can be a Village Level Entrepreneur (VLE) ? An ordinary resident of a Gram Panchaayat having fulfilled the following criteria may apply for
setting up a Common Services Centre in any village under a Gram Panchayat where his name is
recorded in the Ordinary Resident Register/Register of the Gram Panchayat. The Age of Applicant should be minimum 18 years on the date of his/her application.
Applicant should preferably have passed the 10th level examination from a recognized Board
of Secondary Education.
Applicant should be fluent in reading and writing the local dialect and should also have basic
level knowledge of English language.
Prior Knowledge in basic computer skills would be advantage.
Applicant should be motivated enough to be prime driver of social change and disperse his
or her duties with utmost dedication.
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Requirement of CSC Infrastructure
The VLE is required to make necessary investment for setting up a CSC. He/she may make the
investment from his/her owned resources or by taking loan from the financial institutions. The
following infrastructures are required for setting up a CSC – PC with Licensed Windows XP‐SP2 or above operating system.
At least 120 GB Hard Disc Drive
At least 512 MB RAM.
CD/DVD Drive.
UPS with 5 hrs battery backup/Portable Genset.
Printer/ Color Printer.
Web cam/digital camera.
Scanner.
Broad band/Wireless data card / V Sat
connection
Biometric/ IRIS Authentication Scanner for
Banking Services
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PROJECT MANAGEMENT
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Introduction
Project management is the discipline of carefully projecting or planning, organizing, motivating
and controlling resources to achieve specific goals and meet specific success criteria. A project is
a temporary endeavor designed to produce a unique product, service or result with a defined
beginning and end (usually time‐constrained, and often constrained by funding or deliverables)
undertaken to meet unique goals and objectives, typically to bring about beneficial change or
added value. The temporary nature of projects stands in contrast with business as usual (or
operations), which are repetitive, permanent, or semi‐permanent functional activities to produce
products or services. In practice, the management of these two systems is often quite different,
and as such requires the development of distinct technical skills and management strategies.
The primary challenge of project management is to achieve all of the project goals and objectives
while honoring the preconceived constraints; the information are usually described in a user or
project manual, which is created at the beginning of the development. The primary constraints
are scope, time, quality and budget. The secondary — and more ambitious — challenge is to
optimize the allocation of necessary inputs and integrate them to meet pre‐defined objectives.
Why invest in Project
Entrepreneurs earn profit more than what a normal bank depositor earns, because they take
risk. They invest the funds in various activities the return or pay off of which is not guaranteed or
determinate. The actual return is known only after a project is undertaken and the resources are
invested in it. This is the reason for which there arises a need for proper evaluation of business
opportunities before setting up of a business.
By project management, we mean the optimum allocation of resources so as to earn the
maximum amount of profits from the resources. The main resources of the organisation are –
Capital Funds – Money and other resources
People
Time
Further, since the resources are limited, the entrepreneur will not be able to undertake all the
profitable business opportunities. Therefore, the entrepreneur should evaluate all available
options and undertake that project where there is a potential to earn the maximum amount of
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profits. Further, the extent of risk associated with each project should also be considered in the
decision making process.
While calculating the profitability of an opportunity, one should evaluate the following – 1. Identification of alternatives : Before going for a particular project, one should evaluate
all the possible alternatives that are available to achieve the end result/product.
2. Evaluation of alternatives : The entrepreneur should then try to evaluate all the
alternatives under various criteria.
3. Form of Organisation
The entrepreneurs may decide to set up the business on their own or may decide to start jointly
with others. There are a number of forms of organisation – Company, Partnership, Proprietary,
Society. The various factors that one needs to consider while deciding on form of organisation
are funds required, risk associated with the projects, length of the projects, political stability in
the region, etc.
4. Sources of Funds
The entrepreneur should calculate and segregate the total funds required under the following
heads ‐ (i) Fixed Capital Requirement, and (ii) Working capital requirement :
5. Measurement of Cash Flow
To evaluate the profitability of various alternatives, one needs to consider the net cash flow
under the various alternatives. For this, the entrepreneur has to estimate the cash inflow and the
cash outflow in each of the future years after considering general business trends and future
competition.
6. Evaluation of Profitability
Profitability should not be measured in terms of absolute profit amount; rather profitability
means the returns as a percentage of capital invested in the business.
Why to Invest in CSC Project ?
CSCs would be the platform for fundamental transformation of the ways in which development
challenges would be met in rural India. This has made CSC project an investment destination for
the educated and unemployed rural entrepreneurs.
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The CSC project requires small investment
A resident of the same Gram Panchayat can run the CSC business and, hence, he is a known
person in the locality. Therefore, he requires minimum effort to popularize the CSC.
A CSC normally functions on every day of week and may function at odd hours and on
holidays depending on the needs of the local people.
All government services are to be available at CSCs for delivery to the residents living in
the Gram Panchayat. All utility bills can be paid at the CSC. In the process, a CSC is
transformed to a credible institution and carries the stamp of Government sponsorship.
All Business services are supposed to be available at CSCs alongwith government
services and information. Thus, a CSC in true sense becomes a one stop shop for
government, private and social services.
A VLE does not require high level of educational qualification. A XII standard passed
person having basic computer education and e‐transaction skill can easily handle the
CSC business. The only thing he should acquire is the basic entrepreneurial skill and
willing to do hard work and patience.
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RURAL ENTREPRESEURSHIP
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Entrepreneurship
Defining entrepreneurship is not an easy task.
To some, entrepreneurship means primarily innovation;
To others it means risk – taking;
To others a market stabilizing force; and
To others still it means starting, owning and managing a small business.
Who is an Entrepreneur ? An entrepreneur is a person –
Who either creates new combinations of production factors such as new methods of production,
new products, new markets, finds new sources of supply and new organizational forms; or
Who is willing to take risks; or
Who by exploiting market opportunities, eliminates disequilibrium between aggregate supply
and aggregate demand or as one who owns and operates a business.
Why entrepreneurship in Rural Areas ?
As rural economies change, new strategies for sustaining rural communities, such as
encouraging entrepreneurship, must be explored.
Entrepreneurship has the potential to boost local economies by tapping local talent and
resources and to help keep rural populations from declining even further.
Through entrepreneurial growth, rural economies can diversify and become less dependent
on the economic pendulum swings affecting agriculture and other rural industries.
In short, entrepreneurs can ensure that rural communities will survive.
What is Rural Entrepreneurship?
Most of the rural population depends, directly and indirectly, on small‐scale food crop
agriculture, fishery, pastoral animal husbandry or rural wage labour associated with plantations
and ranches, and ancillary activities linked to rural townships. Many rural families need to
diversify their sources of income and employment in view of increasingly smaller parcels of land,
low agricultural productivity, volatile weather conditions and soil erosion. The rural non‐farm
economy plays an important role for wealth creation and well‐being across countries. Community Support for Entrepreneurs
Before communities can realize the benefits of entrepreneurship, they must foster an entrepreneur‐
friendly environment. While it is true that entrepreneurship fundamentally relies on individuals to be
creative and take risks, community support is a cornerstone for success.
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Factors in Entrepreneurial Process
There are a number of factors in the entrepreneurial process. The factors identified are : Talent : It belongs to individuals who "recognize market opportunities and then create
organizations to take advantage of these opportunities"; Opportunity : It is defined as the ability to fill a need in the community; Capital : The financial resources to fill such a need; and knowhow : The opportunity to network in order to gain expertise and technical knowledge. Ability to take risk : There is a risk of suffering business loss. The entrepreneur should have the
ability to take such risk. Ability to work with various Stakeholders : Dealing with multiple Stakeholders is a
challenging job. Citizens, communities, employees, service providers and Government Agencies
are the key Stakeholders, an entrepreneur has to deal with. An entrepreneur should have this
ability, otherwise the business will not survive. Effective Communications : Effective communication is very important and powerful tool for a
rural entrepreneur, because, everything that a rural entrepreneur does involves communication.
Selection of business location, purchasing of equipment, arranging finances, finalization of
contracts with suppliers/vendors, promoting business in village – everything depends heavily on
effective communication. Leadership : Leaders are the life‐blood of small towns and rural communities. The success or
failure of community development efforts often rests with the degree of leadership local citizens
are willing to provide. The rural entrepreneur should have the qualities of leader with which
he/she can drive the challenging job of run rural business and make it sustainable. Benefits of Entrepreneurship
An entrepreneur earns return on his investment through his entrepreneurial initiatives.
In addition to the economic benefits of entrepreneurship, there are intangible benefits that
can boost a community's spirit. As rural communities experience economic decline, their
sense of security, optimism and community pride may wane. A culture of entrepreneurship
has great potential to lift those spirits.
Entrepreneurship not only helps retain wealth in a community; it also retains talent.
Entrepreneurs in rural areas are more likely to become community leaders and reinvest
through philanthropy and volunteer work.
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G2C for Enabling Rural Entrepreneurship
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G2C Service Delivery through CSC Network
One of the key mandates of the CSC Scheme is to deliver G2C Services. E‐District MMP
implementation across all States/Districts shall enable delivering of a number of G2C services
through CSC network.
CSC Programme is based on Public‐Private‐Partnership Platform that makes e‐Governance
services available at the village level, thereby dramatically reducing the time and trouble it takes
for villagers to pay utility bills, apply for various government certificates, and carry out other
administrative tasks and narrowing the digital divide that exists in rural India.
NeGP Vision
The aim of India’s National e‐Governance Plan (NeGP) is to ensure last mile connectivity to
make all services accessible to the common man in his locality through common services
delivery outlets and to ensure efficiency, transparency and reliability of such services at
affordable costs to realize the basic needs of the common man.
Introduced in order to boost e‐Governance initiatives in the country especially in the rural areas.
Common Services Centre
CSCs are envisioned as the front‐end delivery points for government, private and social
sector services to the citizens of India by taking the benefits of information and
communication tools (ICT) to the remotest corners of the country for the delivery of
government, business and social services at the village level.
CSCs will deliver services in the areas of government certificates, land records, ration cards,
pension, payment of wages, telecom, agriculture, health, education, entertainment, FMCG
products, banking and financial services, utility bill payment, etc.
Under original CSC Scheme, each CSC was expected to serve a cluster of 6‐7 villages, thereby
covering more than 6 lakh villages in India.
Government of India has introduced the CSC 2.0 Scheme which provides for at least one CSC
for every Gram Panchayat.
The model of CSC 2.0 is envisaged as transaction based and service delivery based model,
delivering a large bouquet of e‐services through a single delivery technological platform,
which would increase the sustainability of the CSCs across the country.
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Benefit of CSC Programme
e‐Governance services like on‐line application forms, submission of applications for various
government certificates, submission of on‐line applications for various competitive
examinations being conducted by Public Service Commissions/Recruitment Boards, payment
of utility bills, Aadhaar enrollment.
CSC Programme aims to provide high quality and cost effective audio‐visual and text content
and services on the web platform in order to provide information and services in the areas of
education, health, agriculture, tele‐medicine, entertainments, etc.
G2C Services Enabling CSCs
The CSC Programme has been rolled out nation‐wide and currently bolstered by CSC 2.0, to
all States and Union Territories. Operating at the village level makes e‐Governance services
more readily available to all rural residents in the country.
The availability of e‐Governance services at the CSCs makes the CSCs reliable institutions.
These services widen the scope of expanding CSC business and bring the opportunities of
increasing business and employment.
The VLEs can commercialize their offerings so that villagers can monetize their experience
and have the means to purchase more products and services from the CSCs. The CSCs thus
can provide avenues to the farmers to sell their produce and wares to earn money.
In this way, the CSCs are scaling their operations. A large number of CSCs across the country
have employed more than one operator and deployed multiple numbers of computers at the
CSCs for smooth and seamless delivery of services to the local residents.
Challenges
Effective roll out of nation‐wide CSCs requires an understanding of e‐Governance. Though the
potential for providing much needed government services to rural areas is huge and the
prospects are encouraging, the effectiveness of the CSC programme has not been even across
the country due to the fact that in many States, government services are yet to be made on‐line
and available for delivery through CSCs.
The CSCs focus on content customization and multi‐lingual delivery of end‐to‐end services for
income enhancement in the rural areas. There is a low level of awareness among the villagers
about the CSC Programme. On the other hand there is demand for services which the local
governments are yet to be ready for delivery on on‐line mode and also through CSC network.
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DEALING WITH MULTIPLE STAKEHOLDER –
GOVERNMENT, CITIZENS AND SERVICE PROVIDERS
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Introduction
Dealing with multiple stakeholders is practically is a challenging job if one operates a business in
a public forum. While the VLEs have always been a concerned stakeholder, other prominent
groups typically have a vested interest in the way a VLE conducts his business. Citizens,
communities, employees, Service Providers and government agencies are the key stakeholders a
VLE has to deal with in CSC business. To effectively manage these various stakeholder
relationships, the VLE must consider them within his business strategy.
Steps in effective dealing with multiple Stakeholders
The first step to effectively deal with multiple stakeholders is to have a plan. This begins with
identification of various stakeholders and the ways in which each is affected by CSC business. A
VLE can address his commitments in his business activities, and in promotional messages.
Maintaining Ethical Standard
A critical point in managing stakeholder relationships is that beyond owners who invest in the
business, ethics and business practices of the VLE are a primary concern. Customers expect that VLE treats them fairly, honestly and with transparency in marketing
and communications. Keeping customers satisfied is a major factor in long‐term growth and
sustainability.
Communities expect that VLE would operate with integrity, show care for the community
and its people, and contribute in some way, such as with charitable giving or volunteer
programs.
Business partners, suppliers and buyers all expect you to operate honestly, to pay your bills
on time, and to protect your reputation. Communication
Effective communication is vital to managing multiple relationships, whether personally,
professionally or in business. Customers and communities rely on openness in business plans and
the nature of your business operation, as well as in your promotional messaging. Regular in‐
person, telephone and e‐mail communication with business partners helps you maintain trusting
and valuable partnerships.
CrossOrganizational Teams
A number of businesses try to better understand and meet the needs of multiple stakeholders
through cross‐organizational teams.
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Dealing with the Citizens
The more customer‐oriented programmes bring more benefits and satisfaction to the citizens.
The technological development has made radical change in this regard along with other public
administration concepts. In this regard, government has decided to establish a Universal
Technology Platform to combine and make all government official websites interactive.
At present there are State specific Portals and portals of different service providers. General
people now can submit their applications in most of the States through online to get necessary
public services. Government breaks the rigid boundary between government offices and citizen
and reaches to the people so that they can get public services from their houses.
However, a citizen while availing of the government or any commercial services at the Common
Services Outlet, would be interested to get the following benefits –
The user charge should be affordable and the rate should be approved by government.
The transaction should be transparent.
There should be a definitive and reasonable timeline for getting the delivery of the
service applied for.
The internet speed should be quicker enough so that the citizen needs not to wait long
for getting a service at the outlet.
Above all, the CSC owner and operator should be service oriented, non‐discriminating
and fair while charging for providing the services and well behaving taking care of
inconveniences of the individual citizens.
Dealing with Government
The government and government agencies play a very important role in the sustainability of a
Common Services Outlet. They provide the government services for delivery through the
Common Services Outlets. With the introduction of National e‐Governance Plan (NeGP), Government has undertaken
various awareness campaigns to sensitize the communities about the NeGP and its most
important initiative under NeGP, the Common Services delivery outlets to be set up at village/GP
level for delivery of various government, commercial and social sector services. The government has to facilitate the internet connectivity upto GP level, uninterrupted power
supply without which e‐Services could not be delivered and other infrastructure like data centre,
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financial management of transactions, and above all a large bouquet of services from the
delivery of which the VLE will earn his/her livelihood and make the Outlet sustainable. An owner of the Common Services Delivery Outlet expects all these things from the government.
However, there are expectations of the government from the VLEs. These are –
Transparency in transactions
No over‐charging for service delivery
Happily willing to deliver the demanded services, if available
To maintain regularity in running the Outlet and to be ready for providing services at odd
hours too
To keep the local citizens aware of the services available at the Outlets and the rates of
user charges
To keep the computer hardware and software in running condition
Good behavior to the citizens
To make available all records of business to Auditing Agency and government officials on
inspection
To comply with the NeGP guidelines.
Dealing with Service Providers
Under original CSC Scheme, the VLEs were not supposed to interact directly with the service
providers. All their relationship with the service providers, be they government agencies or
private service providers, used to be maintained through the Service Centre Agency. However,
under CSC 2.0 Scheme, the VLEs could directly interact with the Government agencies relating to
service delivery. For redressal of any of their business related issues, they can now lodge
complaints with the CSC‐SPV or the government. They can lodge their complaints with the local
help‐desk being set up at the State level.
On the other hand, the VLEs are to maintain direct relationship with the supplier in the field of e‐
Commerce. They are to maintain absolute business integrity in respect of buying and selling of
goods and products under e‐Commerce.
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Digital India – Various Components and
relevance to CSC
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What is Digital India Programme ?
The Digital India programme is a flagship programme of the Government of India with a vision to
transform India into a digitally empowered society and knowledge economy. E‐governance
initiatives in India took a broader dimension in the mid 1990s for wider sectoral applications with
emphasis on citizen‐centric services. The major ICT initiatives of the Government included, inter
alia, some major projects such as railway computerization, land record computerization, etc.
which focused mainly on the development of information systems. Later on, many states started
ambitious individual e‐governance projects aimed at providing electronic services to citizens.
The isolated and less interactive systems revealed major gaps that were thwarting the successful
adoption of e‐governance along the entire spectrum of governance. They clearly pointed
towards the need for a more comprehensive planning and implementation for the infrastructure
required to be put in place, interoperability issues to be addressed, etc. to establish a more
connected government.
Digital India is a Programme to prepare India for a knowledge future.
The focus is on being transformative – to realize IT + IT = IT
The focus is on making technology central to enabling change.
It is an Umbrella Programme – covering many departments.
It weaves together a large number of ideas and thoughts into a single, comprehensive vision
so that each of them is seen as part of a larger goal.
Each individual element stands on its own. But is also part of the larger picture.
It is coordinated by DeitY, implemented by the entire government – both at the Centre and State.
The weaving together makes the Mission transformative in totality
The common branding of programmes as Digital India highlights their transformative impact.
What are the Vision Areas of Digital India ?
The Digital India programme is centred on three key vision areas : Digital Infrastructure as a Core Utility to Every Citizen
Governance and Services on Demand
Digital Empowerment of Citizens
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What are the Foundations of Digital India ?
Nine Pillars of Digital India
Digital India is a highly ambitious programme to prepare India for a knowledge future with a
focus on three areas: Digital Infrastructure as a Utility to Every Citizen; Governance & Services on
Demand; Digital Empowerment of Citizens. The programme has nine strong pillars and CSC 2.0 is
being implemented under the pillar 3‐“Public Internet Access Program‐ Rural Internet Mission”‐
of the programme. The none pillars are ‐ 1. Broadband Highways
2. Universal Access to Mobile Connectivity
3. Public Internet Access Programme
4. E‐Governance – Reforming government through Technology
5. e‐Kranti – Electronic delivery of services
6. Information for All
7. Electronics Manufacturing – Target NET ZERO Imports
8. IT for Jobs
9. Early Harvest Programmes
Digital India – Relevance to CSC
CSC 2.0, approved in August 2015, aims to establish self sustaining network of 2.5 lakhs CSC
centres at Gram Panchayat (GP) level under Digital India‐ Pillar 3‐Public Internet Access
Programme – National Rural Internet Mission and deliver various citizen centric services. The
model of CSC 2.0 is envisaged as transaction based and service delivery based model, delivering a
large bouquet of e‐services through a single delivery technological platform, which would
increase the sustainability of the CSCs across the country.
The CSC 2.0 envisages establishment of at least 2.5 lakh CSCs covering all Gram Panchayats of the
country over a period of four years. This would also include strengthening and integrating the
existing one lakh CSCs already operational under the existing CSC Scheme and making
operational an additional 1.5 lakh CSCs at Gram Panchayat (preferably at GP premises). It is
envisaged as a service/transaction oriented model with a large bouquet of services made
available at the CSCs for delivering to the citizens.
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Envisaged outcome of CSC Scheme under Digital India
(i) A self sustaining network of 2.5 lakh Common Services Centres delivering e‐services to
citizens, with one CSC in each Gram Panchayat (more than one would be preferred). (ii) Direct interaction of VLE with Government with empowered DeGS managing the CSC outlet
network in the district with an aim to increase sustainability. (iii) Setting a regime for increased entrepreneurial spirit of VLEs by regularizing their share in
the revenue earned through delivery of services. (iv) Increased transactions of CSCs through enablement of large bouquet of services by
State/UT and other service providers. (v) Consolidated delivery of services through a universal technological platform at all the CSCs
across the nation, thereby making the e‐services, particularly G2C services, accessible any where
across the country. (vi) A regular framework of technological driven monitoring of the CSC network through the
universal technological platform, thereby making the service delivery at CSCs outlets
accountable, transparent, efficient and traceable, with a technology‐driven relationship between
all stakeholders.
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FINANCIAL INCLUSION
Insurance Services
Banking Correspondent
Pension Services & DBT
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A. INSURANCE SERVICES
Introduction
The Government of India is committed to extend the financial products and services to its
citizens especially those living in rural India. One of the significant components of the Financial
Inclusion is Insurance. Insurance penetration in India was just 3.96 per cent in 2012. To
encourage insurance penetration in rural areas, IRDA issued guidelines for utilizing the CSC
network in India in the year 2013.
CSC SPV – An Authorized Intermediary
On 12th Sept 2013 the License to CSC e‐Governance Services India Limited has been granted by
Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority (IRDA) to work as an Authorized Intermediary
to market specifically approved insurance products through the Rural Authorised Persons (Village
Level Entrepreneur’s) under the CSC Scheme of National e‐Governance Plan under the IRDA
Guidelines on Common Service Centres, 2013. Required Standard for carrying out Insurance Business
On the Regulatory Authority satisfying itself that the RAP candidate posses the required
standards, a license is granted to the candidate for carrying out Insurance Business. After the VLE
is licensed as a RAP he/ she can solicit or negotiate an Insurance policy of ‘ALL THE INSURANCE
COMPANIES’ with which CSC SPV has an agreement. Coverage under Licence
The License permits both Life and Non Life Insurers in India to Market Retail Insurance products
and Services through Common Service Centers Network. This facility to market insurance
products and offer services near to homes would significantly expand insurance penetration in
rural areas which would in turn improve the overall economy of the nation. The following Insurance products will be available to VLEs like Life, Motor, Crop, Health, Cattle,
and Personal Accident etc...
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Insurance Domain
In order to streamline the Insurance work flow a new domain http://insurance.csc.gov.in/ has been
launched by CSC e‐ Governance Services India Ltd in the month of August 2015. These Insurance are
useful for all the stakeholders as it provides :
1. Details About Latest Insurance Tie‐ups for Product Sales
2. Details About Latest Insurance Tie‐ups for Renewal Collection
3. Company Specific , Product Specific Information
4. Training PPTs for the VLEs
5. Customer Servicing
6. Details about JAN SURAKSHA schemes of Govt. of India
7. JEEVAN PRAMAN coming shortly
As per the new flow the entire RAP Flow is divided into five steps as follows –
1. RAP Registration
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2. Fee Payment
Once the VLE submits the form, he will be re‐directed to Payment Page where the VLE can make
the payment of Rs 350/‐ towards Examination & Licensing. The bifurcation of Rs.350 fees is Rs.
250/‐ (Towards Examination) + Rs. 100/‐ (Towards Licensing fees) is paid by the VLE. The Fee is
paid by the VLE by using his e‐wallet.
3. VLE Information Update
The VLE can later also update their details after filling the Registration form (like upload documents /
Photograph etc… ) for which the VLE needs to click on VLE INFORMATION UPDATE.
4. Insurance Training
In order become a RAP every VLE has to complete 20 HRs of online training , The training content
has been created by Insurance Institute of India. The LMS has 20 modules and once the modules
are completed by the VLEs can undergo self assessment at the end of each module. CSC SPV has
uploaded 20 Hrs Training content on the Learning Management System (LMS). The content is
available in English, Hindi, Kannad, Punjabi & Tamil. 5. OnLine Examination
NIELIT has introduced ONLINE RAP Exam for the VLEs in the CSC Center using the online
proctoring application. This new development has significantly increased the % age of VLEs
number appearing in the Exam. Currently we are conducting the exams on every Tuesday,
However with the support of NIELIT we would be conducting the examination on a daily basis.
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The training of VLEs for RAP has already started and so far total of 21,552 VLEs exam has been
scheduled by NIELIT from February 2014 – Aug 2015. As on 30 November, 2015, there are total
4006 VLEs who are licensed as RAP.
B. FINANCIAL SERVICES
Financial Inclusion : Focus on Banking for the unbanked
Initiative of DFS
On 21st February 2012, Department of Financial Services (DFS) had issued instructions to banks
to engage CSCs in North Eastern states, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh as
Business Correspondent’s Agents (BCAs). SBI took the initiative and engaged more than 200 CSCs
as BCAs in North Eastern states.
Engagement of CSCs as BCAs
Further, at the instructions of DFS all the Public Sector Banks (PSBs) signed agreement with CSC‐
SPV on 6th December 2012 for engagement of CSCs as BCAs across the country. DFS issued
guidelines to all the PSBs on 20th December 2012 regarding engagement of CSCs as BCAs. Total
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45 Banks (including RRBs and Private banks) have signed agreements with CSCSPV for
engagement of CSCs as BCs.
PMJDY – A Flagship Programme of Banking Services
In order to provide the much needed thrust a flagship programme in mission mode called the
Pradhan Mantri Jan‐Dhan Yojna (PMJDY) was launched by Hon'ble Prime Minister on 28th August
2014. With this launch, The VLEs as Bank Mitr / Banking Correspondent Agent (BCAs) at the Grass
Root level has now become the extended arm of the Banks, these BCAs have a vital role in
successful implementation of Financial Inclusion and PMJDY.
Banking TieUps
CSC SPV as a corporate Banking Correspondent has signed agreement with 42 Banks (Public
Sector Banks, Regional Rural Bank and Private Sector Banks) for enabling CSCs to become
Banking Correspondent Agents / Customer service points that deliver various banking and
financial services in a number of States across the country. CSC SPV is also supporting the State
Designated Agencies in States in proactively supporting these initiatives, thereby increasing the
sustainability of these initiatives.
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Salient Features of Agreements executed with Banks
It includes Enrollment of customers, including collection of biometric and other details.
Provide transaction facility
Deposit of money in an account with any bank
Withdrawal of money from an account with any bank
Remittances from an account with a bank to an account with the same or any other bank
Balance Enquiry and issue Receipts/ Statement of Accounts.
Disbursal of credit facilities to borrowers involving small amounts strictly as per the
instructions of the Bank
Recently launched social security schemes (PMJJBY/ PMSBY/ APY)
Products
No Frills Savings Bank account
Recurring Deposit Accounts
Remittances
Fixed Deposit
Overdraft/Retail loans
KCC/GCC
Third party financial products (with prior approval of the concerned Bank)
AEPS System/ E‐KYC
PMJJBY/ PMSBY/ APY
Banking Domain
In order to streamline the Banking work flow a new domain http://164.100.115.10/banking/ has
been launched by CSC e‐ Governance Services India Ltd in the month of November, 2015. The
web domain has been created as a front end for two categories of VLE (Interested for becoming
Bank Mitr & Existing Bank Mitr of CSCs).
The banking domain has the following features :
Aadhaar (EKYC) based centralized registration for Bank Mitr
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Centralized Grievance redressal system
For better support to BCA / VLE ‐ Toll Free Number facility 180030003468
Centralized support team – 10 People dedicated for banking related activity
Dedicated email id for addressing the queries of the stake holders‐ [email protected]
Online access to Commission details & dashboard for the BCA’s
Online self download TDS certificate for the BCA’s
Dedicated person at CSC HO to address Issues related to Commission
VLEs can directly buy devices (Biometric & PIN PAD) from the Portal without any hassle
For the existing BCA of the CSC network the domain provide the support activities to be able to
know about Bank wise offerings on the following aspects :
Training
Technical –Day to day Basic trouble shootings for BCA’s
Operational Aspects related to Banks
Copy of the latest Circulars issued by the banks
Kiosk Banking URL
Online fee payment & Training for Bank Mitr IIBF Training‐ To be Launched
Online examination – To be launched
As per the new flow the entire Banking Flow is divided into Six steps which are as follows
How does a VLE can Register for BC Services ?
All the VLEs of the CSC Network need to register on the given URL
http://164.100.115.10/banking/registration/ for banking services. The registration will ensure
that we have the latest information related to the VLEs like his mobile no, email id etc… The
feature is available for Existing Banking Correspondent agents of CSC as well as for people who
are interested in becoming Banking correspondent agent (BCA).
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The registration for people who are interested in becoming Banking correspondent agent (BCA)
happens by using Aadhaar on the EKYC platform of CSC SPV. The VLE only inputs his Aadhaar No.
on the Application form, after Biometric / OTP authentication the data in most of the fields are
auto‐filled from the information received from UIDAI. This activity ensures that only genuine
people will be allowed to register for BC Services. So far, after the launch of banking domain total
of 8,042 VLEs have registered on the new system.
VLE Information Update
On the new banking domain http://164.100.115.10/banking/ , this feature is available for both
the categories of VLE (Interested for becoming Bank Mitr & Existing Bank Mitr of CSCs). This
Feature Allows the VLE to update his profile details like his Mobile no, email id, details about the
PAN if he does not have it at the time of registration, Pictures of the shop etc…
VLE Commission
On the new banking domain http://164.100.115.10/banking/ , this feature is available for
Existing Bank Mitr of CSCs. This option allows the VLE to check the details related to the
commission earned.
Fee Payment for IIBF Certification
On the new banking domain http://164.100.115.10/banking/ , this feature is available for both
the categories of VLE (Interested for becoming Bank Mitr & Existing Bank Mitr of CSCs). This
feature allows the VLEs / BCAs to pay the Fee for Bank Mitr certification on banking portal of the
CSC. After providing the VLE details, the VLEs are Re‐directed to Fee Payment Page. The payment
is done from the Prepaid Wallet of the VLE.
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Once the VLE submits the form he will be re‐directed to Payment Page where the VLE can make
the payment of Rs 350/‐ towards Study, Examination & Certification. The Fee is paid by the VLE
by using his e‐wallet.
Training to Bank Mitr
On the new banking domain http://164.100.115.10/banking/ , this feature is available for both
the categories of VLE (Interested for becoming Bank Mitr & Existing Bank Mitr of CSCs). Once
the Payment is done, the VLE are able to login into Learning Management System (LMS) using
registration number and valid password which is provided to the VLE.
After login VLE needs to go through four Bank Mitr training modules and their respective
assessments. The VLEs have to study Four Modules either in English or Hindi. Once the modules
are completed by the VLEs can undergo self assessment at the end of each module.
OnLine Examination
On the new banking domain http://164.100.115.10/banking/ , this feature is available for both
the categories of VLE (Interested for becoming Bank Mitr & Existing Bank Mitr of CSCs). The
ONn‐Line Bank Mitr Exam will be conducted in the CSC centre itself using the online proctoring
application.
C. PENSION SERVICES & DIRECT BENEFIT TRANSFER
Pension Services
Pension plans provide financial security and stability during old age when people don't have a
regular source of income. Retirement plan ensures that people live with pride and without
compromising on their standard of living during advancing years. Pension scheme gives an
opportunity to invest and accumulate savings and get lump sum amount as regular income
through annuity plan on retirement.
National Pension System
To provide social security to more citizens the Government of India has started the National Pension
System and established Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority (PFRDA) on 10th
October, 2003 to develop and regulate pension sector in the country. The National Pension
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System (NPS) was launched on 1st January, 2004 with the objective of providing retirement
income to all the citizens.
Initially, NPS was introduced for the new government recruits (except armed forces). With effect
from 1st May, 2009, NPS has been provided for all citizens of the country including the
unorganised sector workers on voluntary basis.
Pension Scheme for Unorganised Sector Workers
Additionally, to encourage people from the unorganised sector to voluntarily save for their
retirement the Central Government launched a co‐contributory pension scheme, 'Swavalamban
Scheme in the Union Budget of 2010‐11. Under Swavalamban Scheme ‐ the government will contribute a sum of Rs.1,000 to each eligible
NPS subscriber who contributes a minimum of Rs.1,000 and maximum Rs.12,000 per annum. This
scheme is presently applicable upto F.Y.2016‐17. Features of NPS
NPS offers following important features to help subscriber save for retirement : The subscriber will be allotted a unique Permanent Retirement Account Number (PRAN). PRAN will provide access to two personal accounts :
Tier ‐ I Account : This is a non‐withdrawable account meant for savings for retirement.
Tier ‐ II Account : This is simply a voluntary savings facility. The subscriber is free to
withdraw savings from this account whenever subscriber wishes.
Coverage under NPS
Central Government Employees
NPS is applicable to all new employees of Central Government service (except Armed Forces) and
Central Autonomous Bodies joining Government service on or after 1st January 2004.
State Government Employees
NPS is applicable to all the employees of State Governments, State Autonomous Bodies joining
services after the date of notification by the respective State Governments. Any other Central or State government employee who is not mandatorily covered
under NPS can also subscribe to NPS under "All Citizen Model" through a Point of
Presence Service Provider (POPSP).
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Corporate
A Corporate would have the flexibility to decide investment choice either at subscriber level or at
the corporate level centrally for all its underlying subscribers. The corporate or the subscriber can
choose any one of and also the percentage in which the funds are allocated in various asset classes.
DIRECT BENEFIT TRANSFER (DBT)
On 1 January 2013, the government of India launched an ambitious Direct Benefits Transfer
(DBT) programme. The programme promises to transform service delivery in India by
transferring government benefits including pension and other pensioner benefits and subsidies
directly into the hands of residents through a biometric based identification system (Aadhaar),
speeding up payments, removing leakages, and enhancing financial inclusion.
Why DBT?
The DBT programme builds on the foundation provided by Aadhaar, allowing for direct, time‐
bound transfers of benefits to people. DBT enables the government to transfer benefits using
just an individual’s Aadhaar number—in effect the Aadhaar number becomes the financial
address of every individual.
Aadhaar as proof of identity
Aadhaar stores each person’s demographic and biometric data in a secure depository, and allows
for real‐time online verification over a simple mobile phone network. That is why Aadhaar has
been installed as the proof of Identity.
Collateral benefits of the AadhaarDBT system
DBT has a number of collateral benefits. A vast network of business correspondents brings banking to the doorsteps of the rural poor
who earlier did not have access to modern financial services, in addition to creating
hundreds of thousands of jobs.
The portability of the entire system ensures that entitlements like pensions and scholarships
are delivered at one’s doorsteps.
It provides an efficient and transparent system for transferring remittances. This will
dramatically change with DBT.
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Aadhaar linkage in the databases of the government and banks databases will provide, for
the first time, end‐to‐end transparency of subsidy and benefits payments from the
government to the beneficiaries, which does not exist today.
Ongoing challenges
Like every transformational project, Aadhaar‐DBT has its own set of challenges. First, Aadhaar‐
DBT requires different agencies to work together —central ministries, district officials, banks,
frontline government officials etc. Enrolment in Aadhaar needs to be universalised. Existing
government databases need to be digitised. Bank accounts need to be opened and linked to
Aadhaar. Banks and post offices need to be linked to the APB and AEPS systems. Getting every
link in the chain to work in tandem is a challenge. Second, there are issues with technology implementation on the ground, such as ensuring
foolproof fingerprint recognition, especially for manual workers and the elderly. There is also the
issue of ‘connectivity’—ensuring real‐time online authentication where there is little or no
mobile phone network.
Concluding thoughts
Aadhaar‐DBT is a genuine, transformational effort to fix the delivery system. In fact, Aadhaar‐
DBT is probably the world’s largest anti‐corruption programme. It is indeed an idea whose time
has come. And it is time to give it our unqualified support.
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TRANSACTION THROUGH PORTAL
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CSC Portal – Core of CSC System
The CSC scheme is a gateway of opportunities for the rural as well as urban citizens of the
country, which enables easy access to Digital Services. The core of the system is the CSC portal
which provides a platform for electronic service delivery for G2C, B2C as well as C2C services. The
Central and State Governments as well as Local authorities and Autonomous bodies can directly
deliver the services to the citizens across the country through the CSC Portal.
Coverage under CSC Portal
CSC’s emerging platform offers unlimited coverage to States which envisage service delivery
through electronic means. Below mentioned are few areas but not limited, where benefits can
be delivered through the electronic medium, thereby creating awareness as well income
generation opportunities for citizens : (a) State Service Delivery portals connected to the CSC platform creates a single window
platform for such services which are created & maintained at the local level and with the
CSC they are enabled for the citizen (E‐district portal). (b) Education & Scholarships would be an area of equal interest targeted to specific segments
unique to local scenarios whereby such opportunities can be enabled for people living far & wide. (c ) Agriculture and farmer connect for sharing of knowledge and thus increasing the
knowledgebase of the community. (d) Services of Rural bodies & urban local bodies can be consolidated and be delivered through
the electronic medium and through CSC enable access to service across the country.
(Municipal Portals). (e) Localized services which are unique & region specific may be brought online for larger
audience.
Service Enablement : CSC Portal
CSC SPV has designed a central Portal for the CSC Scheme which enables dissemination of
schemes related information and on‐line monitoring and reporting on the Scheme progress,
delivers on‐line services and collects business intelligence on the rural consumer, hosts a
Stakeholder Community Forum and provides a helpdesk facility for VLEs.
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How to do Portal Transaction
The Portal has a secured pre‐paid cash management system for VLEs, which VLEs can manage
using internet banking, mobile banking (IMPS), credit card and debit card. APNA CSC Portal
(Central CSC Portal) has been designed to centrally deliver services through the CSC Network.
PrePaid Wallet System
APNA CSC Portal has an integral pre‐paid wallet mechanism based on best industry practices for
automated payment for service delivery. VLE collects cash from the citizens against delivery of
services as per pre‐fixed user/user charge and his wallet is deducted automatically for the pre‐
fixed amount. Amount collected is automatically shared between Service Providers at specified
periodicity without any delay. All payment related communication happens securely on HTTPS
protocol for added SSL/TLS encryption layer to protect the information.
Key Features
E‐Services stores for on‐line service delivery and pre‐paid cash management system which VLEs
can manage using internet banking, mobile banking (IMPS), credit card and debit card with a real
time transaction monitoring.
EWallet Maintenance
1. VLE to Submit the Application of OMT ID to the CSC SPV with his/her KYC Documents.
2. CSC SPV will do the Verification of VLE and confirm it is OK.
3. After Verification of VLE he will get OMT ID from CSC SPV through Mail.
4. He will register the OMT ID through OMT Tool on CSC SPV Portal.
5. After registration of OMT ID he will link his/her wallet with his Bank Account by confirmation
and authentication received on mobile.
6. Bank Account of VLE get linked with his wallet and now he can recharge his wallet through
his Bank Account with the help of Platform provided by Billdesk and PayU.
7. He can recharge his/her wallet as and when his/her wallet got empty or less balance.
Services on APNA CSC Portal
G2C Services
PAN Card Services
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E‐Aadhaar (UID) Card Services
Passport Services
Electoral Services
PFRDA (Pension Services)
State Electricity and Water Bill collection Services
E‐District Services
Jeevan Pramaan
Registrations
Grievances redressed mechanism Education Services
Adult Literacy
Brilliant Tutorials
Digital Literacy
IGNOU Services
NIELIT Services
NIOS
CyberGram (Basic Computer literacy to Madrasha Students) B2C Services
Mobile/DTH Recharge
CSC Bazar
IRCTC and Bus Ticketing
Bill Payments
Money Transfer
Data Card Recharge
LIC Premium payment Other Services
Agriculture
Health
Skill Development
Recruitment
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EDUCATIONAL SERVICES
NDLM/DISHA NIOS NIELIT CYBERGRAM YOJANA
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National Digital Literacy Mission (NDLM)/Digital Saksharata Abhiyan (DISHA)
The Programme
The National Digital Literacy Mission (NDLM) Scheme has been formulated under NeGP to
impart digital literacy to 52.5 lakh persons, which includes general beneficiaries as well as
Anganwadi and ASHA workers and authorised ration shop dealers in all the states across the
country so as to enable them to actively and effectively participate in the democratic and
developmental process and enhance their livelihood. The general beneficiaries, comprising one
person each from every non‐IT literate household, would be selected from all the blocks/districts
of each States/UTs, relevant to their need.
The programme would be implemented through the CSCs, NIELIT centres, Adult Literacy Centres
under MHRD, IGNOU centres, NGOs involved in IT literacy, Rural Self‐Employment Training
Institutes, companies with CSR provisions, etc. Beneficiaries to be trained
Altogether 52.5 lakh persons, including general beneficiaries and Anganwadi, ASHA workers and
authorized ration shop dealers will be trained under the programme in two phases. In the first
phase, 10 lakh beneficiaries will be trained under the scheme. Out of this, 6.3 lakh beneficiaries will
be trained on Level‐1 and 2.7 lakh beneficiaries will be trained on Level‐2. Nine lakh beneficiaries will
be eligible for training fee support from the government. The rest 100,000 beneficiaries will be
trained by the industry and civil society partners. Under Phase II, 42.50 lakh persons will be trained,
which also includes Anganwadi and ASHA workers and authorised ration dealers.
Implementation Process
Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) has been signed between the respective State
Implementing Agencies and CSC SPV in several States/UT namely, Jammu & Kashmir, Jharkhand,
Maharashtra, Mizoram, Nagaland, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Telangana, Uttar Pradesh,
Goa, Arunachal Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Haryana, Chandigarh, Punjab, Bihar, West
Bengal, Tripura, Odisha, Sikkim and Uttarakhand.
Household survey is an integral part of the Scheme implementation. The survey is conducted in
the selected Districts/ Blocks/ Gram Panchayats in each of the States/ UTs with the help of a
survey questionnaire that has been approved by the Empowered Committee. Moreover, training
is also provided to VLEs on the conduct of survey at the State workshops.
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Project Highlights
Till May 6, 2015, household survey has been conducted in 12,38,226 households in 27 states.
The NDLM examination, which has been suspended till recent time, resumed in mid‐
November in a phased manner. Under the new system, approved by DeitY, stringent
monitoring are being exercised and an invigilator will be present at the centre during the
examination. Examination has begun in North‐East States, Jammu & Kashmir, Tamil Nadu,
Odisha, Chhattisgarh, West Bengal, Maharashtra and Haryana.
33,31,468 beneficiaries, including Anganwadi and ASHA workers and authorised ration
dealers, have been registered under the Scheme from 30 States and 4 UTs.
So far, 6,06,520 beneficiaries have been certified under the Scheme by NIELIT.
NIOS Services
What is NIOS ?
The National Institute of Open Schooling (NIOS) formerly known as National Open School
(NOS) was established in November, 1989 as an autonomous organisation in pursuance of
National Policy on Education, 1986 by the Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD),
Government of India.
NIOS is providing a number of Vocational, Life Enrichment and community oriented courses
besides General and Academic Courses at Secondary and Senior Secondary level. It also offers
Elementary level Courses through its Open Basic Education Programme (OBE). Government of India
through a gazette notification vested NIOS with the authority to examine and certify learners
registered with it upto pre degree level courses whether Academic, Technical or Vocational.
Agreement with CSCSPV
The National Institute of Open Schooling (NIOS) and CSC SPV have come together to make CSCs
as NIOS Facilitation Centres. Under this partnership, CSCs can promote open schooling in rural
India, register students, pay registration and examination fee, know the status of admission, and
declare results. Benefits of NIOS Services
VLEs can now register students of rural areas for undergoing NIOS certified Vocational, Life
Enrichment and community oriented courses besides General and Academic Courses at
Secondary and Senior Secondary level.
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VLE can also offer Elementary level Courses, to the rural students living in the vicinity of the
CSC, as offered by NIOS through its Open Basic Education Programme (OBE).
Till November 30, 2015, 7910 candidates have successfully registered in this course. Of
these, 4170 have registered for admissions and 3740 have registered for examinations.
NIELIT Services
What is NIELIT ?
National Institute of Electronics & Information Technology (NIELIT), an Autonomous Scientific
Society under the administrative control of Department of Electronics & Information Technology
(DeitY) was set up to carry out Human Resource Development and related activities in the area of
Information, Electronics & Communications Technology (IECT).
NIELIT has endeavored to establish standards to be the country's premier institution for
Examination and Certification in the field of IECT. It is also one of the National Examination Body,
which accredits institutes/organizations for conducting courses in IT in the non‐formal sector.
TieUp with CSCSPV
CSC SPV has entered into an arrangement with NIELIT to conduct examination of candidates
who are completing their training under various Computer education programmes at CSCs.
Accordingly, NIELIT has been conducting examination for the beneficiaries under E‐Inclusion :
IT Training Programme for SC/ST/Women beneficiaries of rural areas, NDLM, CyberGram to
assess the quality level of the training imparted through CSC Network. Apart from conducting examination for the trainees under different Programmes, NIELIT also
impart basic and advance computer education to the VLEs through its BCC, CCC, O Level, A Level,
B Level and C Level computer courses. It is made mandatory that any VLE wants to provide basic
computer education to any beneficiary, he/she must have at least cleared BCC course of NIELIT. These programmes offer basic computer training to people in rural areas, equipping them to use
computers in day‐to‐day life for professional or personal use. The topics covered in the
programme include basics of a computer and operating system, word processing, using
spreadsheet, making presentations, introduction to Internet and various communication tools.
Benefits of Tieups with NIELIT
NIELIT has conducted examination of 45000 beneficiaries under E‐Inclusion – IT Training
Programme for rural SC/ST/Women communities.
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NIELIT has already conducted examination and certified more than 6 lakh persons under
NDLM/DISHA Mass Literacy Programme.
NIELIT has conducted examination of around 48000 Madrasa students under CyberGram Project.
The persons who have been certified by NIELIT under various Training Programmes can
utilize their earned skills to use computers in day‐to‐day life for professional or personal use.
Till November 30, 2015, 19,065 candidates have successfully registered in NIELIT run BCC,
CCC, O Level, A Level, B Level and C Level courses, out of which 18,268 have appeared in the
examinations.
NIELIT FACILITATION CENTRE
What types of Institutions are eligible to become a NIELIT Facilitation Centre ? The following institutions are eligible to become a NIELIT Facilitation Centre :
1. All schools, which are affiliated to any recognized board in any part of the country.
2. All colleges, which are affiliated to any recognized university in any part of the country.
3. All societies, which are registered under Societies Registration Act 1860.
4. All registered NGOs.
5. All registered charitable trusts.
6. Registered Private training institutes.
7. Registered welfare associations.
8. Panchayats.
What are the Criteria for registration of an Institution as NIELIT Facilitation Centre ?
The institution seeking registration as Facilitation Centre for conduct of training and fielding candidates
for CCC and BCC on self‐certification basis are required to have sufficient infrastructure facilities as
mentioned below : Infrastructure
Must have own premises; if hired, on a long‐term lease, of a minimum period of 11 months, with a
reasonable assurance of continuity. Minimum carpet area should be better than 30 Square meters, to
cater to at least one class room to seat 25 students, one computer laboratory with at least 05 PCs for
hands on training, a printer, a scanner and power backup facility, a library, reception area and proper and
adequate washroom facilities, this should vary upwards depending on number of students. Must have
internet connection preferably broadband.
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Faculty :
The Faculty members should posses the qualification and experience as per below : QUALIFICATION EXPERIENCE FULL TIME PART TIME
MCA / M.Sc (Computer Science) / BE /
B. Tech/DOEACC O/A/B/C Qualifier/ BCA / B.Sc
(Computer Science) / PGDCA / Graduate in any
Stream plus Diploma in computers of at least
six months duration.
Minimum 6 months
to 1 year experience
is required
1 1
Licensed Hardware and Software :
Should possess its own hardware and software at site as per the specifications given in the
Syllabus. All software should be licensed keeping in view the national/international norms for
Intellectual Property Rights.
General Instruction for applying for Registration as Facilitation Centre
A willing institution would require to apply for registration as “Facilitation Centre for training and
fielding candidates for NIELIT’s CCC and BCC on self‐certification basis” on a prescribed
Application Form along with Cover letter to the Controller of Examinations (CCC and BCC), NIELIT.
NIELIT FRANCHISE CENTRE
How to get affiliation/franchisee/study centre of NIELIT ?
NIELIT accredits courses conducted by institutes/organizations particularly in the non‐formal
sector of IT Education & Training. As such, institutes/organizations can offer their own course
whose curricula approximately maps with that of NIELIT Course against which accreditation is to
be sought.
Computer training institutes/organizations in the non‐formal sector, meeting well‐defined
criteria, are granted accreditation for specified levels of courses offered under it viz. O
(Foundation) Level, A (Advanced Diploma) Level, B (MCA) Level and C (M.Tech) Level.
What are the criteria for getting accreditation/Franchisee ?
An institute/organization seeking accreditation must be registered with Central/State
Government and is required to have :
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Own premises with minimum carpet area better than 90 square metres (or if hired, Lease
must be on a long term basis that varies from level to level); Faculty made up of both ‘teaching’ and ‘support faculty’; The necessary hardware as well as licensed software to conduct training as per syllabus of a
particular level/course; A library with a good selection of books and periodicals of standard quality, and sound
financial status of the institute/organization; Should have conducted similar courses (computer/IT related) for at least two years prior to
the date of submission of an application that must be accompanied with documentary
evidence of the same.
How to apply for getting accreditation/Franchisee?
Institutes/organizations seeking provisional accreditations need to apply separately for each
level/location. All details are available in the Prospectus (containing Application Form and detailed
norms as well as detailed criteria for accreditation) for each O/A/B/C Level that is priced at Rs. 500/‐.
CyberGram Yojana
The Scheme
The Cyber Gram Yojana is part of the Multi‐sectoral Development Programme (MsDP), being
implemented by the Ministry of Minority Affairs.
The programme is being implemented by CSC SPV in West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan
and Tripura, where basic digital literacy training is being imparted to minority students,
especially girls studying in Madrasas.
In the first phase, these students will be equipped to not just operate a computer, but also
use ICT to further gain education, access financial and public services and improve their
livelihood opportunities.
The beneficiaries will also be provided with free Internet access for 30 days, post completion
of their training, in order to reinforce their learning.
Benefits of CyberGRam Yojana
Under this project, a total of 67 districts have been identified in the states of West Bengal,
Tripura, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh.
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Students studying in Madarsas having no facility for computer education are the targeted
beneficiaries.
Students from classes VI to X of government schools having no facility for computer
education are the targeted beneficiaries.
Based on the beneficiary selection criteria, the VLEs have so far identified 3,71,657
beneficiaries from 1135 madrasas and 589 schools in the four project states.
A total of 95,266 beneficiaries have been registered from West Bengal, Rajasthan and
Tripura, of which 58439 have completed their training. Examinations have been conducted
for 48,997 beneficiaries from West Bengal.
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UIDAI SERVICES AND PROCESS
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About Aadhaar
Aadhaar is a 12 digit individual identification number issued by the Unique Identification
Authority of India on behalf of the Government of India. This number will serve as a proof of
identity and address, anywhere in India. Any individual, irrespective of age and gender, who is a
resident in India and satisfies the verification process laid down by the UIDAI can enroll for
Aadhaar. Each individual needs to enroll only once which is free of cost. Each Aadhaar number
will be unique to an individual and will remain valid for life.
Benefits of UID (Aadhaar)
• Bank Account Opening
• Obtaining PAN Card
• Obtaining Passport
• Obtaining Mobile Connection
• Railway/Bus/Flight Reservation
• Gas connection
• Jeevan Praman
• Obtaining Driving Licence
• Other Govt services
• Services under Financial Inclusion
Permanent Enrolment Center :
Permanent enrolment centers are required to facilitate the enrolment of residents left out in the
camps organized by the Registrars in the past. They would also serve as Update Centers ‐ both
for biometric and demographic update. These centers will have all the devices & enrolment
client required for doing enrolments as well as Demographic and Biometric Updates. These Permanent Centers will be known as “Aadhaar Kendra”. Aadhaar Kendra’s can be utilized
in more than one ways. Apart from enrolments and updates, these Kendra’s can also be used for
other services like finding the status of Aadhaar enrolments, e‐Aadhaar letter printing, Lost EID‐
UID issue handling and Aadhaar seeding.
Services Delivery through CSC/PEC :
1. New Aadhaar Enrolment
2. e‐Aadhaar Print
3. UCL (Update Client Lite)
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4. Advanced Search
5. Aadhaar Demographic Data Updation
6. Aadhaar Biometric Updation
7. Child Enrolment
Process of Resident Enrolment :
The population that could not be covered in the initial enrolment camps needs to be given an
opportunity to get enrolled into Aadhaar.New born will also be require a facility to be enrolled
for Aadhaar. The following steps are involved in Aadhaar Enrollment. Step 1: Filling of Enrolment form : The resident has to fill the Enrolment form. Step 2 : Verifier verifies the Resident’s Documents : Verifier will validate form details against PoI,
PoA, DoB, HoF documents. Step 3 : Entry/Updating of Resident Data in Enrolment Software : The Enrolment Operator enters
the verified demographic resident data into the Enrolment software from the Enrolment Form. Step 4 : Recording of Resident’s Consent for Information Sharing : The Enrolment Operator has to
ask the resident whether it is alright to share the captured information with
organizations engaged in delivery of welfare services.
Step 5 : Enrolment Operator Checks if the Resident has an NPR Receipt Number.
Step 6 : Enrolment of Children below 5 years of age happens based on Parent/Guardian Details
Step 7 : Checking by Enrolment Operator if the resident has any Biometric Exceptions
Step 8 : To link Resident’s Bank Account to Aadhaar Number.
Step 9 :Enrolment Operator Captures Biometrics ‐ Facial Image, Exception (if any), IRIS and
Fingerprints. Step 10 : Enrolment Operator Shows Data to the Resident for Validation. Step 11 : Enrolment Operator Provides Sign‐off for the Data Capture. Step 12 : Enrolment Operator Gets Supervisor’s Sign‐off for Exceptions, if any. Step 13 : Issue of Acknowledgement and Consent for Enrolment
Enrolment Operator Corrects data, if required, within 48 Hours of the Resident’s Enrolment and in the Presence of the Resident :
• An “acknowledgement of correction” and “consent for correction” will be printed at the
end of correction process along with the resident’s photo.
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Biometric Updates
• Age <5 years at the time of initial enrolment – The child requires to be reenrolled when the
child attains age of 5 years and all biometric data should be provided.
• Age 5‐15 years at the time of enrolment – All residents above the age of 5 years are enrolled
with their biometrics, but since the biometrics, especially the fingerprints undergo some
changes, UIDAI requires all such residents to furnish all biometrics for updates when the
resident attains age of 15 years.
• Age >15 years at the time of enrolment – Residents are recommended to update their
Biometric data every 10 years.
Demographic Updates in Aadhaar
Due to following reasons, there is a need to update the demographic information in Aadhaar – Changes in life events such as marriage, migration to newer locations, death of a relative,
etc. In addition, residents could have other personal reasons to change their mobile number,
email address, etc. Changes in various service delivery platforms may lead residents to request changes to
“information sharing consent”, and to add mobile number to CIDR etc. Any errors made during the enrolment process wherein the resident’s demographic data
may have been captured incorrectly. Advanced Search Option
The Advanced search option is a tool incorporated in the Aadhaar Enrolment Client through
which a resident can get his/her copy of E‐Aadhaar generated.
UCL (Update Client Life)
The residents who would have got enrolled with AADHAAR enrolment process may have some
information to be corrected either demographic or biometric. UCL (Phase 1) application shall
help user to update demographic details likes :
Email Id
Mobile number
Information Sharing Consent
The UCL allows to updates only on demographic details. For biometric details update, the
resident should visit an enrolment centre where Standard Update Client and necessary
infrastructure is available.
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Child Enrolment :
Children between the age group of 0‐5 yrs are enrolled for Aadhaar. Child’s demographic details
and photograph is captured. Child’s parent’s Aadhaar and fingerprint authentication is captured
to process the enrolment. Approved rate for UIDAI Services:
All Fresh enrolments are to be done free of cost to residents.
For per successful Aadhaar generation Rs.35/‐ will be paid.
For Child Aadhaar Generation through Android Tablet Rs.22/‐ will be paid.
For all update requests, demographic and/or biometric, where the resident visits the center
for Updates, a convenience fee of Rs.15/‐ per request can be charged from the residents.
For printing of e‐Aadhaar Letter, PEC would charge the residents Rs. 10/‐ per e‐Aadhaar Letter.
For enquiry related to individual Aadhaar through Advance Search option, PEC would
charge the residents Rs. 10/‐ per Advance Search.
Infrastructure required for Aadhaar PEC :
1. Laptop 6. Printer
2. IRIS Scanner 7. Scanner
3. Fingerprint Scanner 8. USB Hub
4. Webcam 9. White Background
5. TFT 10. Electricity Backup
Recommended hardware configuration
(i) 2Ghz,Dual core CPU or later Processor (ii) 3GB RAM or higher
(iii) 350 GB HDD (iv) Dedicated USB 2.0 Port
(v) Windows 7 and Above Operating System
Certifications Required:
UIDAI has prescribed mandatory certification for enrolment personnel to ensure adherence to quality
aspects. UIDAI has appointed Sify and NSE.IT as testing and certification agencies (TCA) to conduct on‐line
testing to assess the individual's ability to carry out enrolments according to its prescribed standards. Document Verifier :
As per UIDAI guidelines a Document Verifier presence is obligatory at the Enrolment Center.
Document Verifier verifies the residents documents (POI/POA/POB/POR). After the document
verifier verification only the Operator will enroll the resident. Link to apply for PEC: http://registration.csc.gov.in/uidreg/PECRegForm.aspx
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TELE – HEALTH CARE
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Social Endeavour for Telemedicine and Healthcare
Healthcare is a basic need but lack of quality infrastructure and dearth of medical facilities
thwarts its reach to the rural population. The key challenges in this case are : lack of awareness,
limited access to facilities
lack of affordable health solutions for the low income rural population. Common Services Centers (CSC), through its Information Technology (IT) enabled centres are
playing a key role in making these services accessible. CSC Health Services endeavors to provide
quality healthcare solutions like tele‐medicine, diagnostic services and generic medicine services
to the masses in rural and remote areas of the country, through its vast network of CSCs. What is TeleMedicine ?
Telemedicine is a simple process of the use of ICT for the delivery of clinical care. It makes it
possible to connect health specialists , to patients in the remotest corners.
The CSCs are using telemedicine, through its centers to provide expert health consultation
to millions of Indians in the remote areas of the country. The Telemedicine services blended with remote Diagnostic services, awareness programs on
health and hygiene and dispensing Generic Medicines through CSCs are bringing in a
change in the delivery of health care solutions. Effective healthcare service delivery at the
grassroots through high quality diagnostic services using Control‐H device: like BP monitoring,
Blood Glucose, ECG, etc. through select network. CSCs approved to deliver quality generic medicines and health awareness to the rural
population through Jan Aushadhi Stores under the Jan Aushadhi Scheme. The roll out is
expected soon. Jan Aushadhi Scheme
Jan Aushadhi Scheme, by the B.P.P.I., Under the Aegis of Department of Pharmaceuticals, GOI,
aims to provide affordable quality generic medicines to the citizens of India. Objectives of Jan Aushadhi Scheme
It aims to reduce and thereby redefine the unit cost of treatment per person. Create awareness
through education and publicity that quality is not synonymous with high price.
Create a demand for generic medicines “By All for All” by improving access to better
Healthcare through low treatment costs.
It will help provide access to any Over The Counter (OTC) drug in all therapeutic categories.
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Role of CSCs and Advantages to VLEs through Jan Aushadhi
Provision of Jan Aushadhi services pan India through CSCs.
CSC’s presence in hard to reach geographies can act as viable dispensing centres for Generic
medicines.
CSC will provide banners & pamphlets initially to help market the Jan Aushadhi store.
VLEs will be able to store and sell affordable high quality generic medicines through their
CSC centres.
VLEs will be eligible for margins on the sale price of JAS MRP of each drug.
Requirements for VLEs to register for Jan Aushadhi Medicine Store
VLEs qualified as pharmacist OR with access to a pharmacist
Must have Drug Sale License or can procure the same later.
Minimum required space of 120 sq. ft.
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SKILL DEVELOPMENT
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What is Skill Development Mission ?
Skill Development is a unique initiative by the Government of India that aims to offer 24 lakh
Indian youth meaningful, industry relevant, and skill based training. Under this scheme, the
trainees will be offered a financial reward and a government certification on successful
completion of training and assessment, which will help them in securing a job for a better future. Skill Development Mission, hopes to make India a hub of skilled manpower.
"This mission is not limited to skill; Our Govt. haslinked entrepreneurship to it,”. Why Skill Development ?
Next decade India will have a surplus manpower of 4‐5 crore and emphasized the need to
provide this youthful manpower with skills and ability to tackle global challenge. The launch of the
mission assumes significance as "India currently faces a severe shortage of well‐trained, skilled
workers. It is estimated that only 2.3% of the workforce in India has undergone formal skill training as
compared to 68% in the UK, 75% in Germany, 52% in USA, 80% in Japan and 96% in South Korea.
Large sections of the educated workforce have little or no job skills. Therefore, India must focus on
scaling up skill training efforts to meet the demands of employers and drive economic growth".
Challenge in Skill Development Programme ?
As India moves progressively towards becoming a global knowledge economy, it must meet the
rising aspirations of its youth. This can be partially achieved through focus on advancement of
skills that are relevant to the emerging economic environment. The challenge pertains not
only to a huge quantitative expansion of the facilities for skill training, but also to the equally
important task of raising their quality.
Implementation of the Skill Development Training
CSC e‐Governance Services India Limited has initiated Skill Development Programme with the
focus on providing the skill training in the rural areas which can be locally accessed by the rural
youth and get certified and become eligible for suitable employment opportunities or start
livelihood in their locality itself. In this effort to create awareness about the Skill development training, NSDC and SSCs will
partner with CSC SPV, state governments and use the administrative machinery extensively to
mobilize candidates from the grassroots level. CSC and NSDC have also partnered with various
business houses and corporate in an effort to garner mentorship for the candidates and to
secure placements once their training is completed.
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Operational Phase :
CSC Skill Schools will be approved by the SSCs on the basis of guidelines issued by NSDC.
1. Target Allocation: Job role wise target to be allocated to CSCs and TPs
2. Mobilization: VLEs to mobilize candidates.
3. Enrolments: VLEs to enroll candidates and upload the data on portal.
4. Training: CSC Skill Schools to provide trainings under designated job roles in
alignment with QP‐NOSs.
5. Assessments: Assessment agencies to conduct assessment and upload result on
SDMS. SSCs to approve the final results.
6. Certifications: SSCs to certify the candidates after successful completion of the
assessment and validation of identity of the candidate based on Aadhaar
Authentication.
7. Reward Disbursement: NSDC to disburse reward money to the candidate in their
bank account under the scheme as per the following rule. Aadhaar and bank
account details are mandatory for disbursal under the scheme.
8. Employment / Livelihood : Discussion with Industry‐Industry Linkage, Livelihood
Creation.
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BASIC ACCOUNTING PRINCIPLES AND
FUND MANAGEMENT
Basic Accounting Principles Banking & Fund Management
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A. Basic Accounting Principles
What is Account ?
Account is a systematic recording of transactions or events that effect assets, liabilities, equity,
revenue and expense areas. An account represents an area of similar economic interest. What is a Transaction ?
Transaction is an external event involving a transfer or exchange between two or more entities
and the consequence can be expressed in terms of money. What is an Event ?
Event is termed as happening of consequence. It may be external or internal. Event generally
triggers a change in assets, liabilities or equity (loan or share). Business Entity Concept
In accounting, business and owner are two different entities. Entity refers to the business,
organisation, activity for which accounting reports are prepared. An entity is separate from
owner. Accounts are kept for the business and not for the person running the business. What are Financial Statements ?
Financial Statements are the primary reporting vehicles for accounting information. They are the
results of collection, tabulation and summation of accounting data. The following 4 (four)
statements comprise a complete set of financial statements –
Balance Sheet
Income Statement (Profit & Loss Account)
Statement of Cash Flow
Statement of Retained Earnings Balance Sheet It is a statement showing financial condition of an enterprise at the end of the period. It reflects
“Assets” in one side and “Liabilities and Equity” in the other side. Both sides of the Balance Sheet
should always match. Income Statement (Profit & Loss Account The Income Statement shows the results of operations for the period. It matches the expenses
during the year to the corresponding revenues. The resultant of the account is either the profit
or loss for the period and the same is transferred to the retained earnings account.
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Statement of Retained Earnings
It is an additional financial statement that identifies changes in retained earnings from one beginning of
the accounting period to the next period. Statement of Cash flows This statement reports cash activity for the period in a summarized way. The cash flows are
grouped into operating, investing and financing flows. It shows the cash outflows and inflows
during the year under various heads. What is Double Entry System of Accounting ?
It is a logical method of recording transactions. It recognises that there are at least two events or
changes for each transaction and the method suggests recording of both aspects of a transaction
at a time. Debit (or sum of the debits) will always equal the credit (or sum of the credits). It can
also be defined as a system of recording transactions in a way that maintains the equality of the
accounting equation. Balance Sheet Equation Assets = Liabilities + Owner Equity
Assets will always equal the sources of those assets. That is, assets belong to either the creditors
or the owners. What are Assets ? Assets are accounts that add value to one’s individual or business worth. It includes resources
owned by a company and which have future economic value that can be measured and can be
expressed in terms of money. Assets are reported on the Balance Sheet usually at cost or lower. Assets are also part of the
accounting equation. Assets are classified as under –
Tangible and Intangible Assets
Fixed Assets and Current Assets Tangible assets are those that can be seen and touched. Most of the assets are of this type.
Intangible assets are those that cannot be seen or touched, but has some economic value.
Examples include goodwill, copyrights, trademarks, etc. It is very difficult to value these assets, as
the value is not directly paid in terms of cash but develop in course of time. Fixed assets are assets whose benefits extend to more than one accounting year. Since fixed
assets are used for more than one accounting year, we charge the cost of the asset to all the
years by writing off a part of the cost in each financial year (when the asset is used).
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Current assets refer to the assets whose benefit extends to a single financial year. They are
expected to be converted to cash in one accounting year. What is Depreciation ? Why Depreciation ?
The benefits of fixed assets extend to more than one accounting year, and, therefore, we charge
the cost of fixed assets to all the years in which the assets are in use by writing off a part of the
costs in each such year. The amount that is written off each year is called Depreciation for the
year. There are many methods of calculating depreciation, but the simplest method of
calculating depreciation is the straight line method. In this method – Depreciation for a year = (Original cost of an Asset – expected scrap value)/ (Estimated useful life
of the Asset). What are Liabilities ?
Liabilities refer to the obligations of a company or organisation. The organisation has to pay the
liabilities in future. They refer to the amounts owed to lenders and suppliers. Liabilities also include
amounts received in advance for a future sale or for a future service to be performed. Examples of
liabilities are bank loan, creditors, advance received from customers, outstanding expenses, etc.
What is Owners Equity ?
Owners’ equity and liability form sources of funds for company assets. It refers to the
contribution of owners of the business. Business and the Businessman are two different entities.
Equity is used to identify the individual contribution of money, or other financial equivalent,
invested in individual or business worth. Owners’ Equity = Total Assets – Total External Liabilities
= Capital + Retained Earnings
= [Opening Capital + New Capital invested during the year] +
[Profit (Loss) – Drawings/Dividends] What is Revenue Account ?
The Revenue Account is simply the account that tracks all income generated, e.g. value of
merchandise sold (sales revenue), fees earned from services, interest received, etc. Revenue
accounts are credited when goods are actually sold or the services are performed, no matter
whether cash has actually been received. If cash is not received, the amount is shown as asset
under the head “Amount Receivables”.
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Revenue may be operating or non‐operating. Operating revenue refers to revenues earned from
the main activity of the business. Non‐operating revenue comes from a secondary activity, for
example, interest earned by a businessman. Expenses
All costs that are incurred to raise the revenue are treated as the expenses of the organisation.
Expenses are accounted for in the same period in which the related revenue is recognized,
whether or not the amount has actually been paid. It is thus an item of cost applicable to the
current accounting period. Expenses can be classified as operating expenses and non‐operating expenses. Expenses
associated with the main activity of the business are called operating expenses, while expenses
associated with peripheral activity are non‐operating expenses. A particular expenses may be
operating for one business and non‐operating for another business. For example, intere4st paid
by a manufacturing company is a non‐operating expense, whereas, bank’s interest expense is an
operating expense. Expenditure
The expenditures in an accounting period equal the cost of all the goods and services acquired in
that period. Expenditure takes place when an entity acquires goods and services. Expenditure
can be either assets or expenses. If the cost benefits future periods, it is an increase in an asset.
However, if not, it is an expense. There are four types of situations concerning expenses and expenditure. They are – 1. Expenditure made this year that are also expenses of this year : Goods purchased and sold
during the year. 2. Expenditures made prior to this year that become expenses during this year – Insurance
charges paid in previous year for two year period (last year and current year). 3. Expenditure made this year that will become expenses in future years – Rent paid in advance
for the next year(s). 4. Expenses of this year that will be paid in a future year – Salary outstanding at the end of the year. Matching Concept
The entity should match all expenses that are related to the revenues that are accounted for by a
company during a specified time interval. It is based on “Cause and Effect Relationship”, i.e. all
expenses that are related to the accounted revenue should be accounted in the same accounting
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period and all revenues that are generated from an expense accounted during a accounting
period should be accounted in that period. For example : Sales Commission relating to a
particular sales transaction, whether paid or not, shall be charged in the same period in which
the sales were accounted. The underlying principle is : If a cost cannot be linked to revenues or
to an accounting period, it is treated as a loss and the amount will be recorded immediately. Accounting Period Concept
In accounting, we measure activities for a specified interval of time. This helps in effective
reporting the financial status to the owners of the organisation. The period may be different for
different organisation, though usually a period of one year (calendar year or fiscal year) is
considered one accounting period. Realization Concept
This concept states that the amount recognised as revenues is the net realisable value i.e.
amount that is reasonably certain to be realised.
Net Realisable Values = Amount likely to be received if an item is sold in atypical transaction –
any cost incurred in order to get the item sold. Accrual Concept of Accounting
Under Accrual Accounting Concept :
Income for a period = Revenues recognised during the period.
All expenses that are incurred (matched) to generate the revenues
Here, revenues and expenses are recorded as they are earned and incurred, not
necessarily when cash is received or paid.
Financial statements are prepared on accrual basis
The concept provides a more accurate picture of a company’s profitability
S to make more informed judgements concerning the company’s earning potential Profit Vs Cash Flow
Profit refers to amount calculated under accrual concept of accounting, whereas the net cash
flow is the cash received during the period less the cash payments. So, in case a particular
expense is not paid, it does not mean that the organisation has earned the money. Similarly, advance
received from a customer though results in cash inflow is not profit. Gross Profit Margin
Gross Profit Margin is calculated by dividing gross profit by total revenue. Basically, it is the
percentage of net sales remaining after subtracting cost of goods sold. Gross Profit Margin = (Sales Revenue – Cost of Goods Sold)/ Sales Revenue
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B. Banking and Fund Management
Why Banking ?
The role of banking in modern day business is very significant. Bank has become a vital part of
every business. Banks act as bridge (financial intermediaries) between depositors and borrowers.
The various functions that a banking system serves for a small business are – Giving loans to the businessmen at a reasonable interest rate.
Accepting deposits and paying interest on deposits. Banks maintain enough cash balance to
meet the demand of depositors as and when needed. So they provide liquidity to the depositors
and in the same time pay interest to the depositors with absolutely no risk of default.
Cheques book facility provides safety, as the account holder need not maintain cash balance.
Further, instruments like Demand Draft, etc helps in transferring money from one place to another.
Where to bank or which bank to select ?
Private Chit funds do personalised services and sometime offer better offer better interest rates
on deposits and easy processing of loans and advances, but risk of losing money is high. At the
same time, dealing with scheduled and other private banks is little bureaucratic and non‐
personalised, but the security of funds deposited is very high and a Village Level Entrepreneur
should be encouraged to deposit with recognised Bank or approved village cooperative banks.
Account Opening Process (Deposit Account) :
Decide on the type on account. Bank generally helps the depositors decide on the type of
account that will be helpful for them.
Decide whether to avail of the cheques book facility or not.
Arrange the following documents – Proof of Address (Ration Card, Voter’s ID Card, Aadhaar Card, letter from Gram
Panchayat, etc).
Two photographs of the account holder.
Introducer – An existing account holder need to certify that he/she knows the account
holder.
After paying the minimum deposit amount after submitting the above documents, bank
opens an account in the name of the Applicant. Cheque book is issued if the facility is
availed of.
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Cheque Book
The cheque book has space for the following – Name of the Payee. Here, we write the name of the person to whom we need to make the
payment.
Crossing – This is done by drawing two parallel lines in the upper left corner of the cheque.
Amount – The amount to be paid is to be written both in figures as well as in words.
Date of Cheque – Here we write the date of issue of cheque. An undated cheque is not
honoured for payment. Cheque clearance
Normally, if the bank of the payee and the payer is different, the bank takes 2‐3 days in
transferring funds to the account of the payee. The span of gap depends on whether the payer’s
bank is in the same city or in some other city. Further, there may be a few days gap between
issuing the cheque and actual presentation of the cheque for payment.
Types of Bank Accounts Deposit Accounts :
There are a number of different types of bank accounts available. Right one is to be chosen.
Savings Bank Account
Current Bank Account – Normally opened by business for day‐to‐day business transactions
Fixed Deposit Account – Opened to save money for a fixed duration
Recurring Deposit Account – A fixed amount is deposited at regular interval over the term of
the account.
Loan Accounts
Like Deposit Accounts, there are a number of Loan Account options –
Cash Credit – It is like a current account, except that the money in excess of actual deposits
can be withdrawn. Limit/sanction amount for such withdrawal is fixed subject to the value of
collateral security. Normally this facility is used to meet day‐to‐day working capital needs.
Overdraft Facility – Temporary facility to current bank account holder to withdraw money in
excess of deposit usually for a very short duration.
Term Loans – These are loans for a particular duration and are generally for a long term. This
type of loan is normally given to the borrowers for acquiring fixed assets.
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Bank Reconciliation Statement
Though the bank balance as per accounts (Cash Book) of the businessman should be same as the
balance as per bank pass book. However, the balance is usually not the same in both the books.
The difference may be because many reasons say, cheques deposited, but not cleared or may be
some bank charges imposed by bank, but not accounted for in Cash Book. Basically, the causes
for the difference can be grouped under two heads – Those arising from timing of the recording of the transaction
Errors made by the business or the bank. It is necessary for the account to track the differences in the balances as per the two books i.e.
Cash Book and Pass Book. In order to keep track of the differences, a statement stating the
reasons for variations is prepared at a regular interval. Such statement is called Bank
Reconciliation Statement.
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ECOMMERCE
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What is eCommerce ?
Electronic commerce, commonly written as e‐commerce, is the trading or facilitation of trading
in products or services using computer networks, such as the Internet. Electronic commerce
draws on technologies such as mobile commerce, electronic funds transfer, supply chain
management, Internet marketing, online transaction processing, electronic data interchange
(EDI), inventory management systems, and automated data collection systems. Modern
electronic commerce typically uses the World Wide Web for at least one part of the transaction's
life cycle, although it may also use other technologies such as e‐mail. What are the other Forms of eCommerce
Aside from traditional e‐Commerce, the terms m‐Commerce (mobile commerce) as well (around
2013) t‐Commerce have also been used. Mobile devices are playing an increasing role in the mix
of e‐Commerce. In 2014, one estimate saw purchases made on mobile devices making up 25% of
the market by 2017. What are the Mediums of eCommerce ?
E‐commerce businesses may employ some or all of the following :
Online shopping web sites for retail sales direct to consumers
Providing or participating in online marketplaces, which process third‐party business‐to‐
consumer or consumer‐to‐consumer sales.
Business‐to‐business buying and selling
Gathering and using demographic data through web contacts and social media
Business‐to‐business electronic data interchange
Marketing to prospective and established customers by e‐mail or fax (for example, with
newsletters
Engaging in pretail for launching new products and services
Magnitude of eCommerce trading
E‐Commerce has become an important tool for small and large businesses worldwide, not only to
sell to customers, but also to engage them. In 2012, ecommerce sales topped $1 trillion for the
first time in history. What can be ordered through eCommerce ?
Contemporary electronic commerce involves everything from ordering "digital" content for
immediate online consumption, to ordering conventional goods and services, to "meta" services
to facilitate other types of electronic commerce.
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On the institutional level, big corporations and financial institutions use the internet to exchange
financial data to facilitate domestic and international business. Data integrity and security are
pressing issues for electronic commerce.
How important is internet in eCommerce ?
Individual or business involved in e‐commerce whether buyers or sellers rely on Internet‐based
technology in order to accomplish their transactions. E‐commerce is recognized for its ability to
allow business to communicate and to form transaction anytime and anyplace. Whether an
individual is in the US or overseas, business can be conducted through the internet. The power of
e‐commerce allows geophysical barriers to disappear, making all consumers and businesses on
earth potential customers and suppliers. Thus, switching barriers and switching costs my shift.
How CSCs could address the challenge of digital divide in delivery of eCommerce ? CSCs are IT enabled kiosks which can deal in eCommerce.
Bridging the rural urban divide may be a challenge, be it in digitization, financial inclusion or
delivery in e‐Commerce. The CSC network comprising 145000 Common Services Centres,
established under the e‐Governance platform may hold the solution to the challenge. CSCs are IT
enabled access points established under public‐private‐partnership platform and are operated by
digitally literate entrepreneurs.
CSCs will enhance trade under eCommerce
Connect India, a startup providing logistics solutions for e‐Commerce companies across the
country, has announced that they would use these centres for delivery of e‐Commerce and
parcel services. Connect India is the logistic partner of CSC‐SPV. E‐Commerce giants like
Snapdeal, Flifkart, Infibeam have tied up with CSC SPV to enable buying and selling of products
through CSC network.
eCommerce Giants are out to capture rural markets through CSCs
Flipkart, Snapdeal, Infibeam – all the e‐Commerce giants have tied up with CSC‐SPV so that they
could utilizing the services of CSCs to enhance e‐Commerce avenues in rural areas. Their
initiatives will leverage the e‐Commerce giants’ platform. These tie‐ups lay emphasis on
development of ancillary industries (packaging, logistics) and employment avenues in rural areas,
reducing rural migration and enhancing the revenue generation opportunities of CSCs.
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Tieups with will help the rural artisans
The partnership will offer rural artisans and MSME’s the opportunity to build and establish their
brands nationally, access to financial, marketing and supply chain support and at the same time
will generate employment and enhance rural economy. Tieups to bolster rural entrepreneurship
This tie‐ups aims to enhance rural entrepreneurship through successful e‐Commerce models like
that of Flipkart, possible only by using technology which is proven, secure and simple to use even
for a rural customer.
These initiative will help the MSMEs sell their products directly to buyers across the nation. This
one of its kind initiative will not only create huge employment opportunities but will also reduce
the migration of rural population to the urban areas, which is a positive trend for a developing
economy like India.
eCommerce and Sustainability of CSCs
CSC 2.0 Scheme envisages that under this new Scheme the CSCs would be transaction based
units for sustenance. E‐Commerce would bring golden opportunity to provide world quality
products at reasonable and competitive rates to the rural population. It will enhance their
business scope and earnings from increased transactions. Through e‐Commerce, CSCs could
establish them as the trusted business entity of selling world class goods and products in the
rural vicinity.
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GRIEVANCE REDRESSAL
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Grievance Redressal
Grievance Redressal is a management and governance‐related process used commonly in India.
While the term "Grievance Redressal" primarily covers the receipt and processing of complaints
from citizens and consumers, a wider definition includes actions taken on any issue raised by
them to avail services more effectively.
Approach to Grievance Redressal
The traditional approach to Grievance Redressal, handled through letters and complaint forms,
has very little appeal and its usage rarely reflects the actual state of customer satisfaction or lack
thereof. However, government and private organizations have resorted to new Internet‐based
approaches, such as Public Grievance Portal (Govt of India), Trip Advisor, and ActPlease.com, etc.
Grievance Redressal mechanism is mandated in Government agencies and departments that are
directly involved with serving citizens and organizations.
How grievance is made ?
The grievances can be filed under appropriate category (District Administration/ Mantralaya
departments). Once grievance has been submitted, a tracking number will be generated. Citizens
can track the status of the grievance with the help of the tracking number. The grievance will be
addressed by the competent authority within a stipulated period.
Why Grievance Redressal for Rural Entrepreneurs ?
Rural transformation would require expansion of infrastructure at village level, better education
opportunities and change in the mindset of people. It is essential to ensure economic activities at
village level and facilitating rural entrepreneurship. The Village Level Entrepreneurs (VLEs)
managing the Common Services Centre are engaged in a unique business initiative in the rural
areas. Their endeavour is to transform rural areas and bridge the rural urban digital divide.
Therefore, it is essential that their business problems are attended to with utmost care and
promptness.
Grievance Redressal : Provision in Original CSC Scheme
The Service Centre Agencies were the prime driving force for implementation of CSC Scheme. It
was provided in the RFP as well as the MSA executed among the State Nodal Department, SDA
and the SCA that the SCA is to maintain a dedicated call centre to address the VLE grievances.
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Grievance Redressal : Provision in CSC 2.0
CSC 2.0 envisages to set up Local Level Helpdesk with suitable manpower, hardware and
software managed by CSC SPV. The Helpdesk will provide information and handholding support
for establishing CSCs and further, this will also handle/address VLE concerns and grievances, and
provide support for rendering services and for other operational issues. For G2C service related
issues, respective State/UTs would be the first point of contact for issue resolution and for other
services their respective service providers.
The location and extension of Help Desk to State/UTs (as may be deemed necessary) would be
managed by CSC SPV and supported by State/UT Administration wherever required.
There would be a suitable escalation matrix along with SLA for timely resolution of issues. The
Help Desk would function in co‐ordination with State/UT level and district level teams for timely
closing the issue tickets and issue resolution.
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ADVOCACY
COMMUNICATION
AWARENESS
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A. ADVOCACY
What is Advocacy ?
Advocacy in all its forms seeks to ensure that people, particularly those who are most vulnerable
in society, are able to : Have their voice heard on issues that are important to them.
Defend and safeguard their rights.
Have their views and wishes genuinely considered when decisions are being made about
their lives. Advocacy is a process of supporting and enabling people to :
Express their views and concerns.
Access information and services.
Defend and promote their rights and responsibilities.
Explore choices and options
Advocacy can be helpful in all kinds of situations where one :
Finds it difficult to make one’s views known.
Needs other people listen to him and take his views into account.
Why Advocacy ?
Advocacy is the process of actively supporting a cause that’s important to a person or a group or
organisation. Advocacy allows people to share how they feel about important things with public
officials. Advocacy is sometimes referred to as lobbying.
Advocacy is important because it is a way for you to access what you are entitled to within the
community and have your rights as an individual upheld the same as everyone else's. Here are
some more reasons why advocacy is so important : Advocacy can change community attitudes and misconceptions;
It can assist people to gain access to resources, funding and information;
Advocacy can help make service providers and organisations accountable ensuring there is
transparency in their actions and decisions;
Advocacy can help you have control over your situation;
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It ensures that you have a voice and that it will be heard;
Advocacy makes sure that there is recognition of the rights of people with a disability.
It can also promote positive change to the structure and policy of organisations, which will
be of benefit to people with a disability.
B. COMMUNICATION
What is Communication ?
Communication involves the transfer of a certain information or idea meaning from an individual
or group of individuals to another individual or group of individuals. If no information or idea is
conveyed, it means that communication has not taken place. However, for communication to be successful, the meaning must be clear and also understood. A
letter written in English addressed to a person who cannot read English cannot be considered
communication until it is translated into a language the person can read and understand.
Communication is the transferring and understanding of meaning. Perfect communication, if
such a thing was possible, would exist when a transmitted thought or idea was understood by
the receiver exactly as it was understood by the sender. What is Communication Process ?
Before communication can take place, a purpose, expressed as a message to be conveyed, must
exist. It passes between the sender and a receiver. The message is converted to symbolic form (called
encoding) and passed by way of some medium (channel) to the receiver, who translates the sender’s
message (called decoding). The result is the transfer of meaning from one person to another.
Why Communication is Important ?
Effective communication is very important and powerful tool for a village level entrepreneur.
Why ? Because, everything that a village level entrepreneur does involves communicating. Not
something, but everything! Locating a place to set up the business, the purchasing of equipment,
arranging finances, finalizing contracts with suppliers of goods or services, promoting the
business in the village – all these activities depend heavily upon effective communication. Village
level entrepreneurs, therefore, need to have effective communication skills. However, good
communication skills alone cannot make a successful entrepreneur. This is a complementary and
essential skill that needs to be built in by the entrepreneurs. Moreover, ineffective
communication skills can lead to serious problems fro the entrepreneurs.
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Methods of Communication
The most popular communication methods used by people are verbal or oral interaction, written
communications, non‐verbal communication and electronic media.
C. AWARENESS What is Awareness ?
Awareness is the ability to perceive, to feel, or to be conscious of events, objects, thoughts, emotions, or
sensory patterns. In this level of consciousness, sense data can be confirmed by an observer without
necessarily implying understanding. More broadly, it is the state or quality of being aware of something.
Awareness is the knowledge that something exists, or understanding of a situation or subject at the
present time based on information or experience.
The motivational pendulum of awareness which is round the clock should keep the people on the move of
learning through their experiences, thus strengthen the capabilities of the people to enable themselves to
draw out relevant strategies to the more organized and work in order to shift the cultural systems to their
favor ‐ to democratic and secular society.
Why Awareness is Important ?
Awareness is one of the essential ingredients of developing belief. Awareness has been
highlighted by many as a key indicator of success in a range of performance environments. It is
arguably the most important ingredient for belief as every other skill, quality and task you have
and undertake can be traced back to awareness. Being aware will give you an insight into your beliefs and whether they are positive or
holding you back.
Awareness will give us knowledge and if we have knowledge then we know what we need to
do to and the direction we need to go to make changes to improve and be successful.
It will make us seek out more information on the beliefs that are holding us back and how to
change them.
It will give us the information for next action thinking whereby we are aware of the very next
thing we need to do to move forward. If we are aware then this can then be switched and
used as a positive.
Awareness allows us to become proactive rather than reactive but we need to be specific,
very specific to really break down and peel away the layers to get the beliefs that are
influencing the behaviour we are showing. This is hard work and we need to assign time to
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constantly look at what we do and break this down, but improved awareness have a
dramatic and positive effect.
Awareness is a really important part of planning and developing training programmes.
Elements of Awareness
There are just 3 elements you need to be aware of and understand and everything can be linked
back to these 3 elements. Awareness of these 3 elements provides us massive amount
information. These 3 elements are : 1. You : You need to be aware of you, your strengths and weaknesses, your personality, your motivation. Awareness develops knowledge of you; what your strengths and weaknesses are as
an entrepreneur, as a person and what motivates and drives you. It will allow you to focus on
your strengths and develop strategies to improve your weaknesses. 2. The Environment : Examples of things within the environment are consumers, business
partners, the level of business. There will slight differences you need to be aware in different
business opportunities that will give you the knowledge to be successful. So ask yourself what
are the important things to focus on? Are there any relationships that need to be developed?
Removed? How do you fit into the ‘bigger picture?’ Are there any unique factors that knowing of
will give you the best chance of success.
3. The Enemy. Not literally but you need to know the strengths and weaknesses of other
players in your position, other products and seervices and your main competitors. How does
your enterprise compare to others? What makes you and your business unique that allows it to
achieve and be successful?
This awareness and knowledge will drive your planning and return maximise productivity.