Contents

Unit Title Page No

1 Nouns – Introduction to Nouns 1

2 Nouns – Countable and Uncountable 8

3 Nouns – Proper Nouns 15

4 Nouns – Collective Nouns 19

5 Nouns – Singular and Plural 22

6 Agreement 31

7 Gender 45

8 Possession (Nouns, Adjectives and Pronouns) 52

9 Forming Nouns 63

10 Forming Verbs and Forms of the Verb 71

11 Simple Present and Past Tenses 81

12 Present and Past Continuous Tenses 91

13 Present and Past Perfect Tenses 104

14 Simple Future Tense and ‘Going To’ Form 111

15 Infinitives 118

16 Modal and Semi-modal Verbs 124

17 Introducing Adjectives 133

18 Forming Adjectives and Comparison of Adjectives 147

19 Introducing Adverbs / Forming Adverbs 157

20 Prepositions 168

21 Personal Pronouns 171

Answers 175

1PRIMARY 4 GRAMMAR

Nouns - Introduction to Nouns

Introduction of nounsWhat are nouns and why are they important? When we express ourselves,

we almost always need nouns. Without nouns in our sentences, it will be difficult to know who or what we are talking about.

So, what is a noun? A noun is the name of a person, animal, place or thing.

Examples: plant, child, nurse, bicycle, mansion are nouns

A noun can be expressed in singular or plural forms.

Examples: this dictionary (singular)

a dinosaur (singular)

that necklace (singular)

these handbags (plural)

many shirts (plural)

those buses (plural)

PRIMARY 4 GRAMMAR2

Exercise 1ACircle the nouns in these sentences.

1. I used to live in that house down this street.

2. The grocer put in as much cat food as he could into the bag.

3. The two women are cooking in the kitchen.

4. The florist sells tulips, roses and gerberas in the shop.

5. There are more than five hundred pages in the guide book.

6. Jacky found some milk and pancakes in the fridge.

7. The doctor gave Julia some medicine for her cough and flu.

8. The old lady keeps ten dogs and thirteen cats in her house and her backyard.

9. The robber was chased down the road by a few policemen.

10. Peter’s hobby is collecting stamps and comic books.

11. Fiona bought her dancing shoes in that shop along this street.

3PRIMARY 4 GRAMMAR

12. Mickey is going to the theatre tonight to watch a musical performance.

13. Janet and her best friend participate in the same activities.

14. We enjoy listening to music and playing soccer.

15. Mrs Malarkey chose June to be the class monitor and group leader.

16. Stephan is a diligent student and a caring brother.

17. Yogi, the rabbit, hopped into the kitchen and made off with a carrot in his mouth.

18. Samantha exercises on her treadmill twice a week.

19. The church choir rehearses every Monday and Thursday.

20. Mabel ordered a pizza and a milkshake over the cashier counter.

PRIMARY 4 GRAMMAR4

Exercise 1BFill in the blanks with the correct words from the box. Use each word only once.

shoes playground walk tuxedo

mammal scenery monkeys lap

bear sport castle sandcastles

pen pal meat mouse

1. The whale is the largest _______________ on Earth.

2. The cobbler is someone who mends _______________.

3. There are many children playing on the slide in the _______________.

4. The king lives in a _______________.

5. Kim loves building _______________ at the beach.

6. _______________ love to eat bananas.

7. Kathy took her dog out for a _______________ .

8. Enjoy the beautiful _______________ of the mountains.

5PRIMARY 4 GRAMMAR

9. Keith appeared in a _______________ and he looked dashing.

10. Katherine writes to her _______________ every so often.

11. Little Mandy sat on her grandfather’s _______________.

12. The child hugged his toy _______________ so tightly and fell asleep.

13. Horse-riding is a _______________ that my sister loves.

14. Do lions and tigers eat _______________?

15. He bought a computer, a keyboard and a _______________.

PRIMARY 4 GRAMMAR6

Exercise 1CFill in the blanks with suitable nouns.

Example: Jacob went to the _______________ to buy some pencils.

Jacob went to the bookstore to buy some pencils.

1. _______________ are sweet.

2. Mindy’s new _______________ is fashionable and sleek.

3. Please help me hang this _______________ up on the wall.

4. The team members are taking a break at noon to eat _______________.

5. Too much sugary cakes and _______________ are not good for our health.

6. Nate bought five tickets to the rock _______________ on Saturday night.

7. She enjoys listening to classical _______________ while drinking iced lemon tea.

8. _______________ hate sunlight and sleep in caves during the day.

9. Cars have four _______________.

10. There are seven days in a _______________.

11. Hannah loves going bowling at _______________.

12. The _______________ flew off an hour ago.

13. The _______________ called me up to remind me about my appointment with the doctor.

14. They went to the _______________ to do some research.

15. Henry was late for school and was punished by his _______________.

7PRIMARY 4 GRAMMAR

Exercise 1DFill in the blanks with suitable nouns from the box. Each word may only be used once.

grandfather voice attention sound stairs

corridor ward choice eyes heart

Joe went up the (1) _______________ and entered the hospital

(2) _______________ which led to the different wards. Then, he heard loud

wailing. He turned towards the (3) _______________ and saw a pale-looking

man wailing at the top of his (4) _______________ in one of the wards he

passed by. The sick patient was looking for (5) _______________ and tried to

grab the nurse who was approaching him.

Joe saw what happened and it startled him. He became afraid to go further

to the next (6) _______________ as he dreaded what he would see next. But,

he had to because his (7) _______________ lay in the next ward, so he had no

(8) _______________ but to push on.

Joe’s (9) ____________ was pounding away when he heard belching sounds

ahead. Try as he might, Joe could not turn away and his (10) _______________

led him to a disgusting sight.

PRIMARY 4 GRAMMAR8

Nouns – Countable and Uncountable

Countable and Uncountable NounsWhen we express ourselves, it is important to not only use nouns, but

also to determine whether we can or cannot count them. There are two types of nouns you have to know: Countable and Uncountable. Look at the tables below.

Table A (Countable Nouns)

a few apples many books a few students

a number of rats

several horses

We can count the nouns in Table A. They are called countable nouns: apples, books, students, rats, horses.

Note: Words such as ‘a’, ‘an’, ‘a few’, ‘many’, ‘a number of’ and ‘several’ go with countable nouns.

Table B (Uncountable Nouns)

plenty of water some rain a little flour too much juice

a lot of soup a great deal of pain too little money not much salt

We cannot count the nouns in Table B. They are called uncountable nouns: water, rain, flour, juice, soup, pain, money, salt.

Note: Words such as ‘some’, ‘a lot of’, ‘plenty of’, ‘a little’, ‘too much’, ‘too little’ and ‘a great deal of’ go with uncountable nouns.

9PRIMARY 4 GRAMMAR

Table C (Countable/Uncountable Nouns)

Question: Negative Answer:

Do you have any cash/flowers? I don’t have any water/books.

The word ‘any’ can be used with both countable and uncountable nouns. It often appears in questions and negative statements.

Exercise 2ASelect the countable and uncountable nouns and put them into the correct group.

water cats salt zebra hand air

biscuit toes sand fingers car tea

grass snow coffee dust sugar rice

chicken bread cows sun soup trash

moon sunlight rainbow rain furniture hair

feathers ships singer food dictionary schoolbag

Countable nouns Uncountable nouns

Water,

PRIMARY 4 GRAMMAR10

Exercise 2BFill in the blanks with the given words in the box. They may be used more than once. These are words used with countable or uncountable nouns:

a an a few a little

1. _______________ flowers 2. _______________ tables

3. _______________ chair 4. _______________ elephant

5. _______________ storybooks 6. _______________ pencils

7. _______________ child 8. _______________ dresses

9. _______________ magazines 10. _______________ spoons

11. _______________ sand 12. _______________ textbooks

13. _______________ cars 14. _______________ water

15. _______________ fresh air 16. _______________ buildings

11PRIMARY 4 GRAMMAR

Exercise 2CFill in the blanks with the given words in the box. They may be used more than once. These are words used with countable or uncountable nouns:

a an many some

1. _______________ egg 2. _______________ hour

3. _______________ movie 4. _______________ chilli sauce

5. _______________ computers 6. _______________ soup

7. _______________ hat 8. _______________ soldiers

9. _______________ farmers 10. _______________ rice

11. _______________ field 12. _______________ soccer match

13. _______________ pies 14. _______________ bridge

15. _______________ flowers 16. _______________ sugar

PRIMARY 4 GRAMMAR12

Exercise 2DUnderline the correct word in the brackets.

Example: Sophie has (a little, many) chickens in the coop.

Sophie has (a little, many ) chickens in the coop.

1. Linda found (a few, a little) ants in the jar.

2. My mother gave me (a little, a few) dollars.

3. Ken took (some, a few) money from his father’s wallet.

4. There isn’t (many, much) pepper left in the bottle.

5. What a (large number, large amount) of lemonade there is in the jug!

6. There are (many, much) children running in the field.

7. Candy keeps (many, a little) coins in her piggybank.

8. Add (a few, a little) sugar to the coffee.

9. Cook (a few, some) vegetable soup.

10. (Many, A little) rabbits escaped from their hutch.

11. Plant (a few, much) seeds in the flower pot.

12. The child took (much, a few) bites of the sandwich and smiled.

13. She did not eat (much, many) sweets today.

14. Don’t watch too (much, many) television.

15. The children made (a few, little) noise at the party.

16. Jodie fell into the pool and drank (a lot of, a few) water.

17. Take (some, many) medicine and go to bed.

18. (Some, A little) cars were stuck in the flooded street.