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Contents
Preface
1 The Organization……………………………………………………………………… 1
1.1 Mandate………………………………………………………………..………… 1
1.2 Structural Set-up…………………………………………………………..…….. 2
1.3 Financial Management……………………………………………………...…… 2
2 Highlights (2010 – 11)…………………………………………………………………. 3
3 3. Facilities………………………………………………………………………………... 3
3.1 Remote Sensing Centre……………………………………………………..…… 3
3.2 Printing and Photography Cell…………………………………………….……. 5
3.3 Soil Laboratory…………………………………………………………..….…… 6
3.4 Cartographic Laboratory………………………………………………………… 6
3.5 Library………………………………………………………………..………….. 6
3.6 Documentation and User Services…………………………………..………….. 6
4 Programmes and Progress……………………………………………………………. 7
4.1 Soil and Land Resource Survey………………………………………..……….. 7
4.1.1 Rapid Reconnaissance Surveys (RRS)…………………………..……. 7
4.1.2 Detailed Soil Surveys (DSS)……………………………………….….. 8
4.1.3 Soil Resource Mapping (SRM) using Remote Sensing Technique....... 8
5 Publications……………………………………………………………………………. 9
5.1 Rapid Reconnaissance Survey Reports……………………………….…….….. 9
5.2 Detailed Soil Survey Reports………………………………………….….…….. 22
5.3 Soil Resource Mapping Reports………………………………………..………. 45
5.4 Impact Evaluation of Watershed Development Programme in Shifting
Cultivation areas of North Eastern States using Remote Sensing and GIS
Techniques - A case study of Kohima District, Nagaland………………………
57
6 Development of SLUSI Website.................................................................................... 64
7 Seminar, Symposium and Conference……………………………………………….. 66
8 Training organized………….………………………………………………………… 67
9 List of Officers during 2010-11……………………...………………….…………….. 68
1
1. The Organization
The Soil and Land Use Survey of India (SLUSI), an apex organization in the country
established in 1958 deals with soil survey and land resource mapping in the country. The
origin of the organization is from the All India Soil Survey Scheme that marked the
beginning of nationwide systematic soil survey in the country. It is a subordinate field
organization under Department of Agriculture and Cooperation, Ministry of Agriculture.
SLUSI is primarily engaged in conducting soil survey of different intensities in order to
provide scientific database for developmental programmes encompassing soil and water
conservation planning, watershed development, scientific land use planning etc. The database
generation of the organization commensurate with the requirement of soil and land use
information of various land based development programmes. The organization is well
equipped with modern facilities of soil analysis, cartography and air and space borne remote
sensing data interpretation laboratories.
It operates soil survey activities from Headquarters at New Delhi through seven centres
located at Noida, Kolkata, Nagpur, Bangalore, Hyderabad, Ahmedabad and Ranchi. The task
of development of digital spatial data base using GIS and RDBMS for both at catchment and
district level and image processing using Image Analysis System is dealt by Remote Sensing
Centre of the organization established in 1982. SLUSI has sanctioned staff strength of 448
comprising 40 Group “A”, 190 Group “B” and 218 Group “C” staff.
1.1. Mandate
The mandate of the organization is to provide detailed scientific database on soil and land
characteristics to the various State User Departments for watershed based soil and water
conservation planning and for natural resource management and development. The major
activities of the organization are as under.
Delineation and codification of watersheds up to microwatershed level on 1:50000
scale giving a unique national code to each microwatershed.
Development of platform free geospatial database for dissemination of state wise
microwatershed information to the local user and to upload the same in SLUSI’s Web
site.
Rapid reconnaissance survey on 1;50000 scale in the catchment areas including the
catchments of centrally sponsored River Valley Projects (RVPs) and Flood Prone
Rivers (FPRs) for prioritizing microwatersheds based on adjudged Sediment
Yield/Run-off Potential for planning soil conservation and integrated watershed
management programmes.
Detailed soil survey on 1:4000 to 1:15000 scale in high and very high priority
microwatersheds to provide a detailed scientific database for execution of soil
2
conservation measures and recommendations for sustainable agricultural development
consistent with soil and land characteristics and terrain features.
Land Degradation Mapping on 1:50000scale using Remote Sensing Technique, which
provide base line information of different types of degraded lands, with its severity
and showing their extent on map on district level.
Development and promotion of space borne remote sensing techniques by developing
applications in mapping and monitoring of soils, land use, land degradation, land
development programme, etc. and in identifying priority microwatersheds as well.
Development of digital map library for RVP/FPR catchments using GIS and RDBMS.
Development of Watershed, Land and Soil Information System for data banking using
GIS and RDBMS.
Documentation and updating of soil survey status of the country for providing
preview of the nation-wide availability of data to draw realistic balance sheets for soil
survey programs.
Consultancy projects related to watersheds prioritization, monitoring and evaluation
of the impact of watershed development, soil resource mapping and development of
digital soil data base using Remote Sensing and GIS.
Biannual Short Course Training for Officers of State User Departments.
1.2. Structural Set-up
The Chief Soil Survey Officer looks after the overall administrative and technical activities as
Head of the Department of the organization. He is assisted at the headquarters by one Senior
Soil Survey Officer and two Assistant Soil Survey Officers to operate various soil survey and
mapping activities of the organization.
A Soil Survey Officer with the support of Assistant Soil Survey Officers manages the
activities of all the seven centres of the organization as Head of the centre. Besides, an
Assistant Soil Chemist and a Cartography Officer assist the Head in managing the respective
sections at Noida, Kolkata, Bangalore and Nagpur centres.
The Chief Soil Survey Officer is also a National Project Director of the UNDP aided project
on Remote Sensing and GIS. Two Assistant Soil Survey Officers, a Computer Programmer
and a Printing Officer support him for application of remote sensing and GIS in developing
digital spatial data base and other activities of the Remote Sensing Centre.
1.3. Financial Management
The total expenditure for the year 2010-11 was Rs.1368.20 lakhs under Plan and Rs. 209.89
lakhs under Non-plan against approved budget of Rs. 1,503.00 lakhs and Rs. 213.00 lakhs,
respectively.
3
2. Highlights (2010 – 11)
The organization steps in the 53rd
year of soil survey activities in the country.
SLUSI has made significant progress, during the period, on prioritization of
watersheds in the catchment areas, detailed soil survey of selected watersheds, district
wise soil resource mapping on 1:50000 scale using remote sensing techniques,
consultancy projects and other scientific/ technical programmes for which the
organization is committed.
Keeping abreast with the advancement in the field of soil survey and mapping,
development of digital data base and hoisting of Web services, the organization has
reoriented its activities.
Infrastructure has been created at Ahmedabad, Hyderabad and Ranchi centres for
application of Remote Sensing and GIS in soil survey.
Rapid Reconnaissance Survey (RRS) for prioritisation of microwatersheds was
undertaken in RVP/FPR/Non-RVP catchments covering an area of 126.29 lakh ha,
which spread over Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Meghalaya, West Bengal, Uttar
Pradesh, Orissa, Gujarat, Punjab and Himachal Pradesh during the year.
Detailed Soil Survey was carried out in selected priority subwatersheds of RVP/FPR
catchments covering an area of 2.325 lakh ha, which spread over Andhra Pradesh,
Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Karnataka and Uttar Pradesh. The data generated were
interpreted for scientific land use planning, irrigation development, crop suitability,
land and soil reclamation for the area and non-agricultural uses like forest
management, plantation, grassland development and engineering applications.
Soil Resource Mapping using Remote Sensing Technique on 1:50000 scale was
carried out in 26 districts spread over Andhra Pradesh, Uttrakhand, Assam,
Meghalaya, Nagaland, Sikkim, Gujarat and West Bengal states of the country
covering an area of 126.02 lakh ha.
During the year under report, the results of surveys were published in 16 Soil Survey
Reports comprising 8 reports of Rapid Reconnaissance Survey, 6 reports of Detailed
Soil Survey, 2 reports of Soil Resource Mapping
3. Facilities
3.1. Remote Sensing Centre
The Remote Sensing Centre of Soil and Land Use Survey of India is located at C-4, Sector-1,
NOIDA. It has requisite infrastructure and equipment support for both visual and digital
image analysis of the remote sensing data and generation of spatial and non-spatial digital
database under GIS environment. The centre is equipped with a number of advanced
hardware and software. IRS and PAN Digital Data and False Colour Composites (FCC) paper
4
prints, covering major part of the country are available with the Remote Sensing Centre. The
major equipments procured to deal with development of spatial and non-spatial database and
updating with remote sensing techniques are listed below.
Hardware:
Computers and peripherals:
HP Desktop Workstation (High End) – 2
HP Desktop Workstation (Mid End) – 7
4TB NAS Drive Server – 1
HP PC – 4
Magellan Triton 500 GPS – 1
Scanners and Digitizer:
Context Colour Scanner – A0 size
HP Scanjet ADF Scanner – A4 Size
Printers:
HP 4000 Designjet Plotter in – A0 size
HP Colour Laser Jet 5550 dn – A3 size
HP DeskJet 1220C Printer – A3 size
HP Colour Laser Jet 2605 dn – A4 size
HP DeskJet 710C Printer – A4 size
HP LaserJet 6L Gold Printer – A4 size
HP Laserjet 3380 (printer-fax-scanner-copier)
Software:
ArcGIS 10 – 8 License (GIS software)
ERDAS Imagine 9.3 – 2 Licence (Digital Image Analysis Software)
Oracle 10g – 1 License (RDBMS software)
Windows XP, Windows 98
MS-Office – 2007
Under a collaborative project between DAC (SLUSI) and NIC for development of Digital
Spatial Data Base for GIS based applications under G2G domain for planning purposes and
hoisting of GIS based Web services, the following additional Hardware and Software has
been installed in the Remote Sensing Centre. Under Phase – III some additional hardware and
software has been also been added to the existing facilities including a 10 MBPS leased line
between SLUSI and NIC has also been set up by Railtel.
Hardware:
Wipro Desktop Server – 1
CISCO Router – 2821
5
Wipro Rack Server – 2
HCL PC – 4
Wipro PC – 8
Software:
Arc GIS 10 – 1 License
Arc View 9.3 – 3 License
ArcGIS Server 10 – 1 License
Landsat MSS/TM and IRS data in the form of computer compatible tapes (CCT), CD’s and
DVD’s, black and white imagery, False Colour Composites (FCC) paper prints,
covering major part of the country are available with the Remote Sensing Centre. Besides,
SAR data and simulated MOMS data for certain areas are stored in the centre. A library of
various image analysis routines, sub routines and programme of general utility is being
maintained at the centre.
3.2. Printing and Photography Cell
The Printing Cell is equipped with one Duplo digital printer model DP 43S of A3 size,
Digital printer model DP 3100 of B-4 size, Collator model DC-10, Spiral and Spico binding
Machines are functioning at the Headquarters. A Senior Photographic Assistant who is
assisted by one Photographic Assistant look after the activities of the Cell. The printing jobs
accomplished during the year are given below.
S.
No.
Printing Job Accomplished Total
Impression
1. Compendium on Soil & Land Resource Mapping for Integrated Watershed
Management for Gujarat.
24,000
2. Evaluation Study papers for SLRM for IWM venue at Vadodra, Gujarat. 240
3. Compendium on Soil and Land Resource Mapping for Integrated Watershed
Development.
64,260
4. Rapid Reconnaissance Survey Report No. Agri. 1423 5,650
5. Rapid Reconnaissance Survey Report No. Agri. 1422 8,800
6. Annual Report 2009-10 9,000
7. Agenda Notes for Annual Meeting of the Heads of SLUSI on February 24-
25, 2011
520
8. Minutes of the Annual Meeting of Heads of the Offices of all the Centres of
SLUSI held on 24th
& 25th
February, 2011.
560
9. Manual – The Right to Information Act, 2005 (Revised Edition) dated 8th
March, 2011.
570
Total 1,13,600
The photography cell is equipped with one Nikkon, one Yashika 35 mm camera and one
canon digital camera.
6
3.3. Soil Laboratory
Each Centre is well equipped with soil laboratory for analysis of soil and water samples to
support the field observations and supplement data for sound interpretation and
recommendations. The laboratory of each centre is managed by an Asstt. Soil Chemist
and/or other technical staff. Soil analysis comprising both physical and chemical parameters
is carried out in these laboratories for characterization of soils to derive interpretation
groupings for utility purposes besides soil classification, soil management and to understand
the development of soils.
3.4. Cartographic Laboratory
Cartographic Laboratory for preparation and reproduction of the maps exists in each centre of
the organization. The unit at each centre is under the charge of Cartography Officer/ Asstt.
Soil Survey Officer. The laboratory is equipped with an optical reflecting projector,
ammonia printing machine, NC scriber and Drafting table exist at each of the centres. Large
format optical enlarger having capability of 4 times enlargement accommodating 9″ x 9″
format has also been installed at Nagpur and Kolkata centre.
3.5. Library
A central library containing selected reference books, reports, reprints, bulletins and
periodicals relating to pedology, soil survey, soil conservation, remote sensing, office
procedures and other allied subjects has been established at the Headquarters of the
organization at New Delhi. Soil survey reports, project reports, bulletins and other regular
publications of the organization are available in the library for reference. Cataloguing,
documentation and dissemination of the literature is being looked after by an officer assisted
by technical staff.
Each centre maintains a library containing selected reference books on soil science, soil
survey, remote sensing and other allied disciplines. Copies of the soil survey reports and
other publications of Soil & Land Use Survey of India as well as those received from other
central and state organizations are available in these libraries.
3.6. Documentation and User Services
SLUSI publishes the results of various kinds of soil surveys and special projects in the form
of soil and land use survey reports and maps. So far, 1389 reports have been published by the
Organization, out of which 16 reports, covering 8 reports of Rapid Reconnaissance Survey, 6
reports of Detailed Soil Survey and 2 reports of Soil Resource Mapping.
These reports are made available to the user agencies of states and central departments,
agricultural Universities/ Institutions and related organizations for planning various
developmental programmes on soil and water conservation, water management, farm level
planning, land reclamation, etc.
7
4. Programmes and Progress
4.1 Soil and Land Resource Survey
The major activities of the organization include conducting various types of soil surveys
comprising mapping of soils and land use and preparation of soil survey reports for research
and development programmes. Other activities include special surveys of degraded lands,
waterlogged areas, remote sensing application studies and soil and land resources data
management at national level. Details on progressive achievements made on various kinds of
soil survey and mapping are furnished in Tables 1-3.
4.1.1 Rapid Reconnaissance Surveys (RRS): In view of the vast areas of catchments
involved in planning and implementation of soil conservation/integrated watershed
development programmes against limited manpower, expertise and finance available, a
selective approach of confining treatments in the more vulnerable areas at the first instance
has been conceptualized, SLUSI has developed a methodology for prioritization of
microwatersheds based on computation of Sediment Yield Index (SYI) and Run-off Potential
Index (RPI) for each microwatershed within RVP and FPR catchments respectively. The
achievements under rapid reconnaissance survey are given in Table 1.
Table 1: Achievements under Rapid Reconnaissance Survey during 2010-11
(Area in lakh ha)
S. No. Catchment State Area
1. Sutlej (1A1), Beas (1B1), Ravi (1C1) and
Middle Ganga (2B3)
Punjab, Himachal Pradesh
and Uttar Pradesh
20.41
2. 3A1E 1-9 Assam and West Bengal 6.00
3. 3B2A 8-9 Assam and Meghalaya 2.03
4. 3C1A 1-7 Meghalaya 4.34
5. 3B1A 1-6 Assam and Meghlaya 4.20
6. 3B1C 1(P), 2(P), 3(P), 4(P), 5,6 & 7(P) Meghalaya 2.51
7. 3C1B1-6 Meghalaya 2.80
8. 3C2A1-5 Assam and Meghalaya 3.31
9. 3C1C1-3 Meghalaya 2.54
10. 3C2C1 (P), 4,5(P) & 6(P) Assam & Meghalaya 3.04
11. 3A5A1-5 Assam 3.65
12. 3A4A4-7 Assam & Arunachal Pradesh 3.16
13. Godavari 4E1A,B,D,G & E Andhra Pradesh 33.75
14. 4F1A,B,C,D & E Andhra Pradesh & Orissa 10.00
15. 5H1A & B Gujarat 15.00
16. Mahanadi (Left Bank from Katak to
Hirakud Dam 4G1D1-6)
Orissa 2.75
17. Mahanadi (Right Bank from Tel
Confluence with Mahanadi to Undora
Orissa 6.80
Total 126.29
8
4.1.2. Detailed Soil Surveys (DSS): Detailed Soil Surveys of medium intensity is
undertaken in very high and high priority subwatersheds identified in RVP/FPR catchments
to generate basic data on soil and land characteristics needed for planning and
implementation of soil conservation and integrated watershed management programmes.
Detailed Soil Surveys of medium to high intensity are undertaken in other areas to generate
detailed database on soil and land characteristics for planning and implementation of
agricultural and non-agricultural development programmes and for development of scientific
land use planning. In addition, these surveys provide information on spatial distribution of
soils in the form of maps and utilitarian interpretations or urban and rural land use planning,
irrigation development, land reclamation planning, engineering applications, etc. The
achievements under detailed soil survey are given in Table 2.
Table 2: Achievement under Detailed Soil Survey during 2010-11
(Area in lakh ha)
S. No. Catchment State Area
1. Ken FPR Madhya Pradesh 0.660
2. Nagarjunasagar Karnataka 0.920
3. Narmada Madhya Pradesh 0.260
4. Kurnool Andhra Pradesh 0.160
5. Sabarmati 5F1B1q1 & q2 Gujarat 0.096
6. Sabarmati 5F1B3b2, f1 & d1 Gujarat 0.089
7. Lower Rapti 2B1C7q1, q2, r1, s1,
s2, t2, u2 & w2
Uttar Pradesh 0.140
Total 2.325
4.1.3 Soil Resource Mapping (SRM) using Remote Sensing Technique: Soil resource of
any region is vital to mankind for very existence. Accurate information on nature extent and
potential of soil resources is, therefore, essential for optimal utilization of the soil resources
for sustenance. The techniques of gathering soil information have improved over the period
of time commensurate with the advancement of remote sensing and information technology
with continual reduction of time and manpower required for ground surveys. The details are
provided in Table 3.
Table 3: Achievements under Soil Resource Mapping during 2010-11
(Area in lakh ha)
S. No. State District Area
1. Assam Kokrajhar 3.16
Dhubri 2.79
Nagaon 4.10
Marigaon 1.70
2. Meghalaya East Garo 2.60
South Garo 1.84
West Khasi 5.24
Jayantiya 3.81
9
S. No. State District Area
3. Sikkim Sikkim (Part) 2.00
4. Nagaland Nagaland (Part) 4.00
5. West Bengal Murshidabad 5.30
Hooghly 3.14
Birbhum 4.50
6. Andhra Pradesh Cuddapah 8.00
Chittoor 15.50
East Godavari 10.80
Ranga Reddy 7.49
West Godavari 3.00
7. Gujarat Sabarkantha 7.39
Ahmedabad 8.70
Mehsana 4.39
Gandhinagar 0.65
8. Uttarakhand Nainital 3.86
Chamoli 8.03
Bageshwar 2.25
Champawat 1.77
Total 126.02
The activities under the resources surveys are briefly discussed below for the benefits of the
users.
Publications
5.1 Rapid Reconnaissance Survey Reports
Report No. Agri. 1373: Report on Demarcation of Priority Microwatrsheds of 2C3A1-5
watersheds in 2C3A (Pahuj) subcatchment of 2C3 (Sindh Kunwari) Catchment of Yamuna
Basin, Districts Datia, Gwalior, Bhind, Shivpuri & Tikamgarh of Madhya Pradesh and Jhansi
& Jalaun districts of Uttar Pradesh.
The report covers an area of 4,07,788 ha. The survey area forms a part of Sindh Kunwari
Catchment of Yamuna Basin spreading over Bhind, Datia, Gwalior, Shivpuri & Tikamgarh
districts of Madhya Pradesh and Jhansi & Jaula districts of Uttar Pradesh. Geographically the
survey area lies between 25° 15′ to 26° 26′ North Latitude and 78° 15′ to 79° 13′ East
Longitude and is covered by Survey of India Topsheet No. 54J/12, 54K/5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 13,
14, 54N/3, 4 and 54O/1.
Physiographically, the survey area comes under Bundelkhand Plateau of Central India. The
important features of Bundelkhand topography is its smooth and undulating character and
entire region is marked by subdued topography that tends to grade into a level plain towards
north. The northern plain area is monotonously flat and commonly known as Trans-Yamuna
plain and stands in strong contrast with undulating peneplain with scattered hills and hillocks
towards south. The segments of landscape, classified in the survey area are as follows (i)
10
Denudational hills (ii) Subdued hills/ Foot hill slope (iii) Gently sloping to undulating
peneplain (iv) Alluvium plain/ Flood plain & (v) Ravines.
Two main geological systems represented in the survey area namely (i) Bundelkhand granite
complex of Archean system (ii) Quarternary alluvium of recent deposits. Archean system is
represented by Bundelkhand granite complex which is largely composed of coarse to fine
grained granite gneiss and these constitute of Pahuj formation.
The climate of the area is semi-arid type having hot and dries in summer and cold in winter
season. The average annual rainfall is 876 mm of which about 90% falls between middle of
June to September and mean annual temperature is 24.5 °C. The mean maximum and mean
minimum varies widely which are 33.9 °C and 15.1 °C respectively. The area remains dry
for more than 90 cumulative days and qualified for ‘Ustic’ moisture regime except in nearly
level to level low land area where ‘Aquic’ moisture regime is predominant. The difference
between the mean summer (29.0 °C) and mean winter temperature (18.4 °C) is greater that 5
°C which indicates the area is under ‘Hyperthermic’ temperature regime.
The soils of the area show marked variation depending upon their geographical location and
parent material. Besides this, climate and vegetation played an active role in the formation of
the soils. The soil formation of the very gently to undulating peneplain and alluvial plain
appears to be comparatively rapid under prevailing climate condition. Weathering and
leaching are so intensive that the soils developed in this region are mostly deep to very deep
except in the valley terrain. In situ soils are restricted to hilly terrain and peneplain area while
transported soils occurs in the alluvial/flood plain area.
The southern tract of the subcatchment is gently to undulating type with open scrub and stony
rocky phases, degraded forest and poor in fertility. The general agriculture of this tract is of
very low order. The difficult terrain coupled with low fertility and water scaricities are the
main factor responsible for low productivity. On contrary the northern part of the catchment
is intensively cultivated. The predominant crops grown are wheat, gram, jowar, pulses like
arhar, lentil, oil seeds like mustard and til. In Bundelkhand peniplain, rainfed agriculture is
predominatly practiced. In kharif season mainly jowar is grown and in rabi season wheat,
mustard, vegetables, etc. are being grown. A large area comes under culturable waste and
fallow lands.
Priority Categories of Microwatersheds
S. No. Priority Category No. of Microwatersheds Area in ha Percentage
1. Very High 36 21,301 5.22
2. High 97 65,286 16.01
3. Medium 164 1,01,857 24.98
4. Low 315 2,15,409 52.82
5. Very low 4 3,935 0.97
Grand Total 616 4,07,788 100.00
11
District-wise Distribution of Priority Area
State District Full/
Part
Very
High
High Medium Low Very Low Total
No
. o
f M
WS
Are
a
No
. o
f M
WS
Are
a
No
. o
f M
WS
Are
a
No
. o
f M
WS
Are
a
No
. o
f M
WS
Are
a
No
. o
f M
WS
Are
a
Madhya
Pradesh
Bhind Full 2 1,165 6 3,533 21 14,182 40 27,567 - - 69 46,447
Part 3 1,835 13 4,281 13 2,876 18 6,203 - - 47 15,195
Datia Full 4 2,625 9 7,998 33 22,939 100 68,626 - - 146 1,02,188
Part 5 1,609 12 4,370 8 3,764 44 16,522 - - 69 26,265
Gwalior Full - - 3 1,425 22 12,306 43 28,144 - - 68 41,875
Part - - 3 707 10 2,212 50 16,780 - - 63 19,699
Shivpuri Full - - 2 1,576 - - - - 1 1,162 3 2,738
Part 5 1,246 11 3,665 3 303 - - 1 374 20 5,588
Tikamgarh Full - - - - - - - - - -
Part - - 1 376 - - - - - - 1 376
Uttar
Pradesh
Jalaun Full 2 1,208 21 10,952 28 15,753 23 17,224 - - 74 45,137
Part 3 125 11 2,819 14 4,387 6 1,584 - - 34 8,915
Jhansi Full 20 11,397 27 18,709 33 21,325 44 28,705 2 1,205 126 81,341
Part 2 91 11 4,875 8 1,810 14 4,054 1 1,194 36 12,024
Report No. Agri. 1389: Report on Demarcation of Priority Microwatrsheds of Leini and
Teju Watersheds (FPR) in Senapati and Ukhrul Districts of Manipur and Phek, Tuensang and
Zunheboto Districts of Nagaland.
The report covers an area of 2,18,013 ha under Leini and Teju watersheds which spread over
Senapati and Ukhrul district of Manipur and Tuensang, Phek and Zunheboto districts of
Nagaland. The surveyed area is situated between 25° 5′ 30″ to 26° 13′ North Latitude and 94°
17′ to 94° 45′ 30″ East Longitudes covered by Survey of India Toposheet No. 83J/12, 83K/5,
6, 7, 8, 9 & 10.
Physiographically, the survey area can be grouped into four divisions namely i.e. Hill tops,
Mountain side slopes, Piedmont plains and Fluvo-colluvial intermontane narrow valleys. The
relief of the survey area mostly comes under excessive relief. The elevation of the mountains
terrain of Leini and Teju watersheds ranges from 544 m to 2841 m above msl.
Geologically, the survey area is located in the north-east extension of the Arkan Yoma ranges
which are of Tertiary Cretaceous age and belong to a young belt of earth. The parent material
sequence is of the geo-synclinal fecies and represented by the Disang group, Borail group,
Surma and Tipam group, Wasang beds and the Dihing group. The Disang group of rocks
12
includes splintery nodular shale, hard and compact with or without siltstone/fine grained
sandstone. The Borail group of rocks includes alternate unites of sandstone and shale.
The climate of the area ranges from sub-humid to sub-temperate depending on the altitude of
the catchment area which varies from 200 m to 38126 m above mean sea level. The climate
of the area have three distinct seasons viz. summer, monsoon and winter. The mean summer
temperature is 20 °C and means winter temperature is 12.3 °C. The difference between the
mean summer and mean winter temperature is 7.7 °C. However, the difference between mean
summer temperature and mean winter temperature is more than 5 °C. Hence soil temperature
regime is “thermic” in higher elevations and “hyperthermic” in lower elevations bordering
Assam.
The soil of the area show marked variability depending upon their geo-physical position and
parent material from which they have developed. Climate and vegetation played an active
role in the formation of the soils in such high relief area. In-warm and humid climate, the
weathering & leaching are so intensive that the soils developed are deep and acidic in
reaction. Sedentary or in-situ soils are observed in the mountainous/ hilly terrain while
transported soils in the valley area are commonly found.
Agriculture is the main source of livelihood. The hilly/mountainous land suffers from low
productivity due to adverse topographical situation, high run-off and non availability of
proper irrigation facilities etc. In the hilly region of leini and Teju watersheds, “shifting
cultivation” popularly known as “jhum” is practiced extensively by tribal families or Jhumia
families during monsoon leading to degradation of soil and land as well. Agriculture is the
most important activity in the survey area which occupies 68.03% of the working force.
Besides agriculture, people engaged themselves in weaving, black smithy and other
handicrafts to meet their daily requirements during off-season but not much of commercial
purpose. In the jhum land and terraced slope, mixed cropping is practiced and crops like
paddy, maize, millets, chillies etc. are grown.
Priority Categories of Microwatersheds
S.
No.
Priority Category No. of
Microwatersheds
Area in ha Percentage
1. Very High 41 34,430 15.79
2. High 104 93,640 42.95
3. Medium 81 76,745 35.20
4. Low 14 13,198 6.06
Grand Total 240 2,18,013 100.00
13
District-wise Distribution of Priority Area
S.
No.
Priority
Category
Nagaland Manipur Total %
Ph
ek
Tu
ensa
ng
Zu
nh
ebo
to
To
tal
%
Uk
hru
l
Sen
ap
ati
To
tal
%
1. Very
High
1,639 1,095 12,158 14,892 10.8 13,520 6,599 45,183 32.4 35,011 16.1
2. High 11,718 5,713 30,818 48,249 34.9 29,684 15,499 12,519 9.0 93,432 42.9
3. Medium 45,263 1,722 16,868 63,853 46.1 5,254 7,265 1,872 1.4 76,372 35.0
4. Low 10,345 - 981 11,326 8.2 1,872 - 79,693 57.2 13,198 6.0
Grand Total 68,965 8,530 60,825 1,38,320 100.0 50,330 29,363 1,39,267 100.0 2,18,013 100.0
Report No. Agri. 1419: Report on prioritization of Microwatersheds of 3C3A subcatchment
of Gumti RVP catchment (3C3A 6 watershed) of Brahmaputra Basin, Districts South Tripura
and Dhalai of Tripura.
The survey area forms a part of Gumti catcment of Brahmaputra Basin covering an area of
58,056 ha spreading over South Tripura, Dhalai district of Tripura, lies between 91° 44′ 30″
to 91° 58″ East Longitudes and 23° 21′ to 23° 42′ North Latitude and is covered by Survey of
India toposheet No. 79 M/10, 14 & 15.
Physiographically, the catchment area is a land of high hills, hillocks inter-spreads with rivers
and valleys. A series of hill ranges running through north and south divide the state into
broad parallel valleys, consisting of undulating to rolling tillas/hillocks. There are three hill
ranges in the catchment i.e. the South Baramura, Deotamura and Atharamura hill ranges.
Geologically, the area is represented by sedimentary rock which range in age from Miocene
to loosely consolidated sediments of recent age. The rocks are sandstone, siltstone and shales
grading into clay. These rock types are repeated as layers one above the other. Depending on
their mineralogical character and the presence of fossils, these sedimentary rock sequences
are divided into Surma group, Tipam group and the Dupitila group. The nature of grains and
the texture imprinted on these rocks, it is inferred that originally the sediments were
deposited in the sea and later converted in to rock.
Climatically, the climate of area is humid sub-tropical characterized by high rainfall. The
average annual rainfall ranges from 2317 mm to 2523 mm. The humidity ranges from 42-
100%. The summer temperature ranges from 27.7 °C to 28.0 °C where as mean winter
temperature varies from 17.5 °C to 21.5 °C. The difference between the mean summers and
mean winter temperature is greater than 6 °C. Thus, the soil temperature regime, is
“hyperthermic”. The average rainfall of South Tripura is 2231.5 mm. The soil moisture
regime may be presumed as “Udic”.
14
The soils of the area show marked variation depending upon their geographic condition and
parent material. Besides this, climate and vegetation played an active role in the formation of
the soils. In situ soils are restricted to hilly terrain and undulating and rolling areas while
transported soils found in the alluvial plain. The soils of the catchment may be classified into
three broad soil groups i.e. Forest and Hill soil, Red and Yellow soil and Alluvial soil.
The major land use and land cover categories identified within the study area are forest,
normal agriculture land and Jhum land. About 58% area of the state is occupied by forest
followed by net area shown. The valley land locally known as “Lunga” is well suited for
common agricultural crops mainly paddy, while the high lands locally called as “Tilla” are fit
for plantation crops but are often used for shifting cultivation.
Priority Categories of Microwatersheds
S.
No.
Priority Category No. of
Microwatersheds
Area in ha Percentage
1. Very High 26 15,920 27.42
2. High 14 9,871 17.00
3. Medium 21 14,300 24.63
4. Low 25 17,204 29.64
5. Very Low 1 761 1.31
Grand Total 87 58,056 100.00
Districtwise Distribution of Priority Area
S.
No.
Priority
Category
No. of
Microwatersheds
District Total
Area
%
Dhalai South Tripura
1. Very High 26 8,131 7,789 15,920 27.42
2. High 14 6,094 3,777 9,871 17.0
3. Medium 21 12,706 1,594 14,300 24.63
4. Low 25 15,791 1,413 17,204 29.64
5. Very Low 1 761 - 761 1.31
Total 87 43,483 14,573 58,056 100.00
Report No. Agri. 1421: Report on Prioritization of Microwatersheds in 2A2C Sub-
catchment (Rupnarayan River) of 2A2 Catchment, East and West Medinipur, Hugli, Haora
and Barddhaman districts of West Bengal.
The report covers an area of 1,55,745 ha which falls in the East and West Medinipur, Hugli,
Haora and Barddhaman districts of West Bengal. The area is situated between 21° 01′ to 23°
08′ North Latitude and 87° 34′ to 88° 12′ East Longitudes and covered by Survey of India
toposheet Nos. 79B/3, 4, 73M/16, 73N/10, 11, 13, 14, 15 & 16.
Physiographically, the survey area represents remnant of Alluvial plains comprising of
Recent and Old Genetic Alluvial Plain. The major rivers of the survey area are Palaspui and
15
Mundeswar which also drained in Rupnarayan River. The most spectacular feature in the
drainage pattern is sub-parallel to parallel.
Geologically, the survey area is a part of alluvial and deltaic deposits of Quaternary period.
These Quaternary sediments have been sub divided into two main groups namely i) Recent to
Sub-recent – Newer Alluvium, ii) Pleistocene – Older Alluvium.
The climate of the survey area experiences a hot and monsoonal climate. It is defined as sub-
humid tropic with three well distinct seasons i.e. summer, monsoon and winter in succession.
The average annual rainfall and temperature in the area are 1699 mm and 26.5°C
respectively. The mean maximum and mean minimum temperature of the
watersheds/catchment area are 32.0°C and 21.2°C respectively. The temperature data revels
that the difference between mean summer and mean winter air temperature is 8.2°C which is
used to assume the soil temperature class as “Hyperthermic”.
The area is characterized by recent to sub recent and old alluvial plain. Rupnarayan and its
tributaries play vital role in transporting and depositing the alluvial materials. The frequent
flooding in the area leads to the formation of immature, irregular stratification of soil profile.
The soils of the flood plain are very deep, coarse silty to fine silty texture having imperfectly
drainage condition while riverine soils have immature soil profile development with very
deep coarse loamy to coarse silty texture.
Agriculture is the main and principal source of livelihood for the people in the area.
However, collection of Sal leaves from the forest and selling it in the local market as addition
income. Lands on favourable slope with proper bunding and terracing are extensively
cultivated for paddy in winter and summer. Wheat, mung, til, potato are also grown in the
uplands, riverside, homestead areas during rabi season.
Priority Categories of Microwatersheds
S.
No.
Priority Category No. of
Microwatersheds
Area in ha Percentage
1. High 27 20,773 13.34
2. Medium 166 1,34,140 86.13
3. Low 2 832 0.53
Grand Total 195 1,55,745 100.00
Districtwise Distribution of Priority Area
S.
No.
Priority
Category
District Total
Area
%
Baddhaman East Medinipur Haora Hugli West Medinipur
1. High 7,772 5,580 2,238 - 5,183 20,773 13.34
2. Medium 7,522 64,977 33,769 24,592 3,280 1,34,140 86.13
3. Low - - - 832 - 832 0.53
Grand Total 15,294 70,557 36,007 25,424 8,463 1,55,745 100.00
16
Report No. Agri. 1422: Report on Reprioritization of Microwatersheds of Chambal RVP
Catchment (Part of 2D4 Catchment), Dhar, Indore, Mandsaur, Neemuch, Ratlam and Ujjain
districts, Madhya Pradesh and Chittaurgarh district, Rajasthan.
The report covers an area of 12,14,689 ha situated in Chambal RVP Catchment and falls
within the administrative jurisdiction of Dhar, Indore, Mandsaur, Neemuch, Ratlam and
Ujjain districts of Madhya Pradesh and Chittaurgarh district of Rajasthan. Geographically,
the area lies between 22° 28′ to 24° 38′ North Latitude and 74° 49′ to 75° 42′ East Longitude
covered by Survey of India toposheet Nos. 45L/14, 15, 45P/2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 46I/13,
14, 46M/1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 46N/1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10 & 11.
Physiographically, the survey area has been grouped into eight major landforms i.e. hills,
Sub-dued hills, Plateaus, Pediments, Plain lands, Ravinous lands, Valleys & Stream banks.
Geologically, the survey area falls into four geological formations i.e. Alluvium, Basalt,
Laterite and Sandstone shale complex. Baslatic landscape is occupying major portion of the
survey area. Central and southern part of survey area is made up of Basalt only. Basalt is gray
to dark gray in colour and exhibit typical spheroidal weathering. Sandstone and its complex
are identified in the northern portion of survey area near Gandhisagar dam and along the
watershed boundary in the northwest part of survey area. Sandstone is quite hard, compact
and pinkish in colour. Laterites are identified mostly in northwest part of survey area in
patches. Alluvium is occupying all along streams in linear patches throughout the survey
area.
The climate of the area is monsoonic in nature. The temperature data denotes that the area
experiences warm, semi humid to semi arid climate during the year. The mean maximum
temperature of 32.5 °C to 37.0 °C and mean minimum temperature of 16.9 °C to 18.1 °C is
experienced in the survey area. The area experienced a main annual temperature of 25.1 °C to
27.0°C. The mean annual soil temperature is more than 22 °C. Mean summer soil
temperature is 26.4 °C to 30.1 °C and mean winter soil temperature is 20.8 °C and the
difference between mean summer and mean winter soil temperature is less than 5 °C. Hence
the soil temperature regime is “hyperthermic”.
Parent material, relief, climate and vegetation have played an important role in the
development of soils of the area. Genetically, soils of the area are grouped into two
categories based on their place and mode of development/formation as insitu soils and
alluvial soils. Insitu soils extend over an area of 9,98,108 ha (82.17%) while alluvial soils
extend over an area of 1,97,405 ha (16.25%).
Agriculture is mainly prevalent throughout the area, while forest is mainly restricted to
northern and southern portion, except for few small patches here and there. Open scrub and
grasses are scattered over the area. Nearly 74.44% of the total area is under agriculture,
22.07% under open scrubs and grasses, 1.91% under forest and remaining 1.58% area is
under miscellaneous. There are mainly two crop seasons viz. kharif and rabi in the survey
area. Kharif begins with onset of monsoon and crops are harvested by the end of September
17
and October. Jowar, urad, moong, til and paddy are the main crops grown in the area during
the kharif season. Wheat, barley, mustard, gram, potatoes, etc. are the crops grown during
the rabi season.
Priority Categories of Microwatersheds
S.
No.
Priority Category No. of
Microwatersheds
Area in ha Percentage
1. Very High 25 18,051 1.49
2. High 32 22,954 1.89
3. Medium 177 1,25,169 10.30
4. Low 466 3,38,794 27.89
5. Very Low 970 7,09,721 58.43
Grand Total 1,670 12,14,689 100.00
District-wise Distribution of Priority Area
S.
No.
Priority
Category
Rajasthan Madhya Pradesh Total
Area
%
Ch
itta
urg
arh
Dh
ar
Ind
ore
Man
dsa
ur
Nee
mu
ch
Ratl
am
Ujj
ain
1. Very High 3,178 183 3,683 4,484 4,459 1,468 596 18051 1.49
2. High 2,593 - 1,025 9,399 3,945 4,853 1,139 22,954 1.89
3. Medium 6,882 837 3,612 40,334 19,791 39,420 14,473 1,25,169 10.30
4. Low 18,308 9,286 8,681 1,06,182 60,860 84,077 51,400 3,38,794 27.89
5. Very Low 68,240 1,49,880 47,604 1,03,,254 84,828 1,11,600 1,44,315 7,09,721 58.43
Grand Total 99,201 1,60,186 64,605 2,63,653 1,73,883 2,41,238 2,11,923 12,14,689 100.00
Report No. Agri. 1423: Report on Demarcation of Priority Microwatersheds of 2C3E
Subcatchment of Sindh Kuanwari FPR Catchment, Bhind, Gwalior, Morena, Sheopur and
Shivpuri districts, M.P., Etawah and Jalaun districts, U.P.
The report covers an area of 7,16,548 ha and area is a part of Sindh Kuanwari complex FPR
Catchment and falls within the administrative jurisdiction of Bhind, Gwalior, Morena,
Sheopur and Shivpuri districts, M.P., Etawah and Jalaun districts, U.P. lies between 25° 39′
to 26° 47′ North Latitude and 77° 11′ to 79° 13′ East Longitudes covered by Survey of India
toposheet Nos. 54F/7, 8, 11, 12, 14, 15, 16, 54G/1, 5, 6, 9, 13, 54J/1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 10, 14, 15
& 54N/2, 3.
Physiographically, the survey area has been grouped into six major landforms i.e. hills,
Alluvial Plain, Plateau Plain, Stream banks, Ravinous lands and Valleys. Relief of the hilly
area is excessive to very excessive whereas the plain area has normal to subnormal relief. The
18
altitude/ height of the area gradually increases from east to west and reaches maximum height
in the western portion of surveyed area and as a result the slope and general direction of flow
of river Kuanwari is from west to east. The minimum and maximum altitude of the area is
180 m to 440 m above mean sea level respectively.
The principal geological formations of the survey area are Alluvium and Sandstone shale
complex. Alluvium landscape is occupying major portion of the survey area. Sandstone shale
complex are identified in the area. Sandstone is quite hard, compact and pinkish in colour.
The landscapes have given n rise to soils of the area.
The climate of the area is monsoonic in nature. On an average, the area receives an annual
rainfall of 796 mm. Mean maximum temperature of 36.8 °C and mean minimum temperature
of 14.9 °C is experienced in the survey area. The mean annual soil temperature is more than
22 °C. Mean soil summer temperature is 31.2 °C and mean winter soil temperature is 16.8 °C
and the difference between mean summer and mean winter soil temperature is less than 5 °C.
Hence the soil temperature regime is “hyperthermic”.
Genetically, soils of the area are grouped into two categories based on their place and mode
of development/formation as in situ soils and alluvial soils. Insitu soils extend over an area of
2,80,965 ha (39.21%) while alluvial soils extend over an area of 4,24,280 ha (59.21%).
Relief, climate and vegetation have played an important role in the development of soils of
the area.
Nearly 3,65,409 ha area of the total area is under agriculture. Rainfed as well as irrigated
agriculture is practiced in the area. Rainfed agriculture is practiced in an area of 1,25,641 ha
(17.53%), while irrigated agriculture is practiced in an area of 2,39,768 ha (33.46%) which is
through canal, reservoir, tanks and bore wells. 1,83,324 ha area (25.59%) under open scrubs
and grasses, 1,56,512 ha area (21.84%) under forest and remaining 11,303 ha area (1.58%) is
under miscellaneous land use. There are mainly two crop seasons viz. Kharif and Rabi in the
survey area. Kharif begins with onset of monsoon and crops are harvested by the end of
September and October. Jowar, urad, moong, til and paddy are the main crops grown in the
area during the Kharif seasons. Wheat, barley, mustard, gram, potatoes, etc are the crops
grown during the Rabi seasons.
Priority Categories of Microwatersheds
S. No. Priority Category No. of Microwatersheds Area (ha) Percentage
1. Very High 247 1,62,984 22.75
2. High 378 2,65,441 37.04
3. Medium 185 1,34,958 18.83
4. Low 196 1,53,165 21.38
Grand Total 1,006 7,16,548 100.00
19
District-wise Distribution of Priority Area
S.
No.
Priority
Category
Madhya Pradesh Uttar Pradesh Total
Area
%
Bhind Gwalior Morena Sheopur Shivpuri Etawah Jalaun
1. Very High 15,924 55,485 70,708 11,495 - 9,057 315 162,984 22.75
2. High 31,438 35,439 1,02,559 74,855 18,180 2,970 - 265,441 37.04
3. Medium 23,748 6,235 94,750 10,225 - - - 134,958 18.83
4. Low 54,739 7,222 89,603 1,601 - - - 153,165 21.38
Grand Total 1,25,849 1,04,381 3,57,620 98,176 18,180 12,027 315 7,16,548 100.00
Report No. Agri. 1425: Report on Demarcation of Priority Microwatersheds of 4H3D
Subcatchment (Subarnarekha Catchment), East and West Medinipur districts of West Bengal
and Balasore district of Orissa.
The report covers an area of 2,40,142 ha falling in the East and West Medinipur districts of
West Bengal and Balasore district of Orissa The area lies between 21° 33′ to 22° 06′ North
Latitudes and 87° 20′ to 88° 03′ East Longitudes and covered by Survey of India toposheet
Nos. 79B/4, 79C/1, 79N/12, 16, 79O/5, 6, 9, 10, 13 & 14.
Physiographically, the area forms of a part of lower Gangetic to Subarnrekha plains. Some
part is also coming under Coastal Alluvium & Aeolian landscape. The average lowest
elevation of the plain is 20 m and highest elevation is 120 m above msl. The main tributaries
of the subcatchment are Rasulpur, Pichhabani, Ramnagar Khal and Sarpai river flowing
towards west to south direction and ultimately meet with Bay of Bengal. The drainage pattern
is parallel to sub-parallel.
Geologically, the subcatchment is covered by alluvial and deltaic deposits of Quarternary
period. These Quaternary sediments are Recent to Sub recent, comprising recent Allvium and
old alluvium of Pleistocene age. The alluvium of sub recent to recent periods developed by
sediment deposition of the river Subaranrekha and its tributaries. Secondly, a part of the area
developed by sediments deposition of the sea, Bay of Bengal and it identified as coastal
Alluvium and Aeolian.
The climate of the area is sub-humid tropic with three distinct seasons namely summer,
monsoon and winter. The mean annual temperature is 26.1 °C with mean maximum air
temperature 30.9 °C and mean minimum air temperature 21.3 °C. Maximum temperature and
minimum temperature are 34.1°C and 11.8 °C recorded during the month May and January,
respectively. The average annual rainfall of the area is 1844.12 mm. The difference between
mean summer and mean winter air temperature is more than 5 °C which indicates the soil
temperature regime as “hyperthermic”.
Agriculture is the main occupation of the people in the region where both kharif and rabi
cropping are practiced. The principal crops of kharif season are paddy, sugarcane, jute, maize
kalai tie, etc. In rabi season, paddy, wheat, pulses, oilseeds vegetables such as potato, brinjal,
cauliflower, chills, etc. are grown.
20
Priority Categories of Microwatersheds
S. No. Priority Category No. of Microwatersheds Area (ha) Percentage
1. High 52 47,396 19.74
2. Medium 224 1,92,089 79.99
3. Low 1 657 0.27
Grand Total 277 2,40,142 100.00
District wise Distribution of Priority Area
S.
No.
Priority
Category
Status Orissa West Bengal Area %
Balasaur East Medinipur West Medinipur
No. of
MWS
Area No. of
MWS
Area No. of
MWS
Area
1. High Full - - 52 47,396 - - 47,396 19.74
Part - - - - - - -
2. Medium Full 4 4,728 199 1,68,698 9 7,611 1,81,037 79.99
Part 2 725 12 5,908 10 4,419 11,052
3. Low Full - - 1 657 - - 657 0.27
Part - - - - - - -
Grand Total 5,453 2,22,659 12,030 24,01,421 100.00
Report No. Agri. 1426: Report on Prioritization of Microwatersheds of 3A1B (1-4), 3A1C
(1-8) and 3A1D 4 (Part) watersheds of Tista RVP Catchment of Brahmaputra Basin (Right
Bank), Districts East, West, South and North of Sikkim and Darjeeling district of West
Bengal.
The report covers an area of 7,81,423 ha and forms a part of Tista RVP Catchment of
Brahmaputra Basin spread over East, West, South and North district of Sikkim and
Darjeeling district of West Bengal lies between 88° 0′ to 88° 55′ Eest Longitudes and 27° 05′
to 28° 09′ North Latitude covered by Survey of India toposheet Nos. 77D/8, 12, 16, 78A/1, 2,
3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 & 16.
The physiographic divisions of Darjeeling district are well marked with the tremendous
variation in the range of altitude. Geographically, the Darjeeling district has two fasic
features; the Terai, which is a low-lying belt comprising large number of rivers and streams
with the height of 300 ft above msl and the mountains ranging from 6000 ft to 10000 ft height
above msl. Sikkim, being a part of inner mountain ranges of Himalayas, is mountainous with
varied elevation ranging from 300 m to 8598 m above msl.
Geologically, the Darjeeling District, the Pre-Cambrian are represented by the Darjeeling
Gneiss, Lingtse Gneiss and Daling group of rocks. The Darjeeling Gneiss is, in general, a
migmatitic banded gneiss containing enclaves of high grade schist represented by garnet
staurolite-kyanite-mica schist, calc-silicate rocks, amphibole and graphite schist. The Sikkim
21
state is mostly covered by Precambrain metamorphites of low to medium grade (Daling
group), high grade gneisses, (Darjeeling gneiss and Kanchenjunga gneiss), Chunthang
formation (quartzite, calc. silicate rocks, marbles, graphite, schist’s and occasionally
amphibolites) with intrusive granites (Lingtse granite-gneiss) and phanerezoic rocks
including Gandwana and Tethyan sedimentaries. The palacozic and Mesozoic (Tethyan)
sequence in the north eastern and north western part of Sikkim and fossiliferrous.
Climattically, Darjeeling experiences three main seasons throughout the year namely winter,
summer and monsoonic. Darjeeling experiences very heavy rainfall annually. The average
rainfall is 2990.7 mm. The mean maximum temperature is 11.10 °C and means minimum
temperature is 1.70 °C. The climate of Sikkim is extremely varied, largely due to variation in
altitude. Sikkim has a Himalayan type or high mountain type of climate. The climate of the
state has been roughly divided into tropical, temperate and alpine zones. The average annual
precipitation is 3273 mm and maximum in the month of July. Average annual temperature is
18.9 °C having mean maximum 23.0 °C and mean minimum 14.7 °C. The mean summer
temperature is 22.8 °C and means winter temperature is 13.0 °C. The difference between the
mean summer and mean winter temperature is more than 5.0 °C which indicates the soil
temperature regime as “hyperthermic”.
The soils of the area show marked variability depending upon their geo-physical condition as
well as climate. Both the residual and alluvial soils are found to occur in the area. The
residual soils are derived from Granite-gneiss, where as alluvial soils are found to occur in
river terrace though the process of deposition by river. Cliamte and vegetation played a very
active role in the formation of soils in such a high altitude area. In cool and humid climate,
the weathering and leaching are so intensive that the soils developed are deep except in
erosional phases where soils are shallow to very shallow in nature. The soils of the area are
mostly moderate to strongly acidic, medium to high in organic matter content and low to
medium base status.
About 84 % of population lives in rural areas and dependent on agriculture for their
livelihood. The agriculture lands are mostly well bunded and terraced followed by poorly
managed to unmanaged cultivated lands. Maize, wheat, barley, millets and vegetables etc. are
being grown in the mountain range and paddy, wheat, maize, oilseeds, vegetables, cardamom
are being grown also in mountain range and in low hill type. The people generally produce
maize, millet and different kinds of vegetables in the dry field and wet or terraced field is
used only to produce rice.
Priority Categories of Microwatersheds
S. No. Priority Category No. of Microwatersheds Area (ha) Percentage
1. Very High 149 2,13,398 27.31
2. High 24 28,829 3.69
3. Medium 34 43,971 5.63
22
S. No. Priority Category No. of Microwatersheds Area (ha) Percentage
4. Low 38 58,502 7.49
5. Very low 355 4,36,723 55.89
Grand Total 610 781423 100.00
Districtwise Distribution of Priority Area
S.
No.
Priority
Category
No. of
MWS
West Bengal Sikkim Area %
Darjeeling East West North South
1. Very High 149 - 5,334 18,628 1,89,098 338 2,13,398 27.31
2. High 24 - 731 3,771 24,294 33 28,829 3.69
3. Medium 34 953 5,018 3,721 30,622 3,617 43,971 5.63
4. Low 48 952 5,046 9,806 36,509 6,189 58,502 7.49
5. Very low 355 68,751 79,978 80,908 1,43,957 63,129 4,36,723 55.79
Grand Total 610 70,656 96,107 1,16,834 4,24,520 73,306 7,81,423 100.00
5.2 Detailed Soil Survey Reports
Report No. Agri. 1409: Report on Detailed Soil Survey and Land Use of Af4m
Subwatershed of Ajoy FPR Catchment, P.S. Deoghar, Kunda and Sarawan, District Deoghar,
Jharkhand.
The report covers an area of 3,037 ha spread over Ajoy FPR Catchment situated in Kunda
and Sarawan of Deoghar district lies between 24° 22′ 15″ to 24° 29′ 0″ North Latitude and
86° 42′ 55″ to 86° 46′ 10″ East Longitude covered by SOI toposheet Nos. 72L/11 and
72L/15.
Physiographically, the area has been divided into Upper Pediplains, Lower Pediplains, D
epressions/Valley fills and Levies. The drainage pattern of the area is dendritic and sub-
dendritic in nature. The survey area is mainly drained by Karankol Vadi carrying enormous
silt and finally discharging to the main river Ajoy. The relief is normal in undulating and in
plains and sub-normal relief is observed in valley bottom and depression.
Geologically, the major part of the watersheds is formed by metamorphic rocks comprising
mostly granite gneiss. Mineral composition of the rocks is feldspar, quartz, muscovite,
biotite, mica and other heavy minerals. Besides granite gneiss, a considerable part of the area
is developed over alluvium. Mainly occur along the river and stream. They are of two types
i.e. Recent Alluvium and Old Alluvium.
Climatically, the survey area falls under the sub-humid, sub-tropical climate zone having
distinct three main seasons i.e. winter, summer and monsoon in succession. The annual
average rainfall of the surveyed area is 1405 mm and means annual temperature is 24.1 °C.
The average maximum and minimum temperatures recorded in the surveyed area are 38.5 °C
and 7.9 °C respectively. The area remains dry for about 90 cumulative days and the moist
period is more than 180 days which qualifies for Ustic moisture regime except the local
23
depressional sites where soil moisture control section is defined as Aquic moisture region.
Temperature data reveals that the difference between mean summer and mean winter
temperature is more than 6 °C and hence the soil temperature regime of the area is placed
under ‘Hyperthermic’.
Agriculture is the main source of livelihood for the people of the area. Nearly 75% of
population depends on agriculture and the others are engaged in business, service and other
petty jobs. Intensive cultivation following modern farming techniques is not practiced by
common cultivators in the area. Main cropping seasons are kharif and rabi. Lands on
favourable slope with proper bunding and terracing are intensively cultivated for paddy in
kharif season. Wheat, mung, mustard and maize are grown in the mid uplands and homestead
areas during the rabi season. Twelve soil series have been identified in the survey area brief
descriptions of which are as follows.
Baghapathar (BP): The soil of this series comprises very deep imperfectly drained
soils, developed over granite gneiss and occurring on very gently to gently sloping lower
pediplains. The soils are mainly bunded, terraced and adopted to paddy cultivation. A
considerable part of the area is either under rainfed minor crops or under waste land
susceptible to moderate erosion. The soil mapping units identified are BP5dB2, BP5hB2,
BP5hC(A)1, BP5kB(A)1 and BP5kB2.
Bathantoli (BT): The soil of this series comprises deep, moderately well to well drained
soils, developed over granite gneiss on very gently to gently sloping upper pediplains.
The soils are low in fertility status and are mainly under dry land farming, forest
vegetation and waste land but a considerable part of the area is taken under paddy
cultivation. The soil mapping units identified are BT4dB2, BT4dB2 S R, BT4dC2,
BT4dC3, BT4kB(A)1 and BT4kC(A)1.
Dumka (D): The soil of this series comprises shallow, well drained soils, developed
over granite gneiss and occurring on very gently to moderately sloping upper
pediplains/convex uplands. These soils are moderately to severely eroded with slightly to
moderately stoniness and rockiness surface and are mostly lying waste or under thin
bushy vegetation. Minor crops and paddy are occasionally practiced at some places. The
soil mapping units identified are D2dB(A)1, D2dB2, D2dB2 S R, D2dC2SR and
D2dD3 S R.
Hathiapathar (H): The soil of this series comprises very deep, poorly to imperfectly
drained soils, developed granite gneiss and occurring on very gently to gently sloping
lower pediplains. The soils are mainly adopted for paddy cultivation and well protected
by suitable bunding and terracing with none to slight erosion. The soil mapping units
identified are H5hC(A)1, H5kB(A)1 and H5kC(A)1.
Kanti (KT): The soil of this series comprises very deep, well drained soils, developed
over recent alluvium on very gently sloping levies. The soils have plentiful fine to
medium ferromanganese concretions. The soils are partly waste land or under thin bushy
24
and grassy vegetation. Minor crops are occasionally practiced at some places and are
moderately eroded. The soil mapping unit identified is KT5cB2.
Karya (K): The soil of this series comprises very deep, poorly drained soils, developed
over alluvial and colluvial wash materials of granite gneiss and occur on very gently
sloping depression of valley fills. There are dark yellowish brown to strong brown
mottles. The soils have very fine to fine stones and gravels very fine to fine and medium
ferromanganese concretions. The soils are well protected from erosion by suitable
bunding and terracing. They are under intensive paddy cultivation with very good yields.
The soil mapping units identified are K5hB(A)1 and K5kB(A)1.
Lachimpur (L): The soil of this series comprises moderately deep, well drained soils,
developed over granite gneiss and occurring on very gently to gently sloping upper
pediplain. These soils are mainly unbunded and susceptible to moderate to severe
erosion. They are low in fertility status and cultivated to rainfed minor crops and paddy
cultivation at places. The soil mapping units identified are L3dB2, L3dC2, L3dC2 S R,
L3dC3, L3dC3 S R and L3kC(A)1.
Madhuban (MB): The soil of this series comprises deep, well drained soils, developed
over granite gneiss and occur on very gently to gently sloping upper pediplains. These
soils are mainly adopted to dry land farming and at places with thin forest. These soils
are unbunded and susceptible to moderate erosion. The soil mapping units identified are
MB4dB2 and MB4dC2.
Munhari (M): The soil of this series comprises very deep, imperfectly drained soils,
developed over granite gneiss and occurs on very gently to gently sloping lower
pediplains. These soils are mostly under dry land farming and partly under paddy
cultivation. These are unbunded susceptible to slight to moderate erosion. The soil
maping units identified are M5dB2 and M5hC(A)1.
Pusaro (P): The soil of this series comprises very deep, moderately well drained to well
drained soils, developed over granite gneiss and occurring on very gently to gently
sloping upper pediplains. These soils are mainly adopted to dry land farming, forest
vegetation and at places lying as wasteland and are susceptible to moderate to severe
erosion. A considerable part of these soils which are well protected through suitable
bunding and terracing, are used for paddy cultivation. The soil mapping units identified
are P5dB2, P5dC3, P5kB(A)1 and P5KC3.
Sarua (S): The soil of this series comprises very deep, poorly drained soils, developed
over alluvial and colluvial materials of granite gneiss and occur on very gently sloping
depressions/ valley fills. These are well bunded and terraced. They are adapted to paddy
cultivation with good yield. Poor drainage and overflows are the major problems
associated with these soils. The soil mapping units identified are S5hB(A)1 and
S5kB(A)1.
25
Tetaria (H): The soil of this series comprises very deep, well drained soils, developed
over granite gneiss on very gently sloping lower pediplains. The soils are mainly adopted
to dry land farming. In general these soils are unbunded and susceptible to moderate
erosion. The soil mapping units identified are T5dB2 and T5kB2.
Interpretative Grouping of Soils
S.
No.
Soil
Mapping
Unit
Land
Capability
Class
Soil
Irrigability
Class
Land
Irrigability
Class
Paddy Soil
Group
Hydrologic
Soil Group
1. BP5dB2 IIes-1 A 2st 2 D
2. BP5hB2 IIes-1 A 2st 2 D
3. BP5hC(A)1 IIs-1 A 3st 2 D
4. BP5kB(A)1 IIs-1 A 2st 1 D
5. BP5kB2 IIes-1 A 2st 2 D
6. BT4dB2 IIe-1 B 2t 2 C
7. BT4dB2 S R IIe-2 B 3t 3 C
8. BT4dC2 IIIe-1 B 2t 3 C
9. BT4dC3 Ive-1 B 3t 3 C
10. BT4kB(A)1 II-1 B 2t 1 C
11. BT4kC(A)1 II-1 B 3t 2 C
12. D2dB(A)1 Ivs-1 D 4st 4 D
13. D2dB2 Ives-1 D 4st 4 D
14. D2dB2 S R Ives-2 D 4st 4 D
15. D2dC2SR Ives-2 D 4st 4 D
16. D2dD3 S R Vies-1 D 6st 4 D
17. H5hC(A)1 IIIsw-1 B 3dst 2 C
18. H5kB(A)1 IIsw-1 B 2dst 1 C
19. H5kC(A)1 IIIsw-1 B 3dst 2 C
20. KT5cB2 IIIes-1 C 3st 3 D
21. K5hB(A)1 IIw-1 B 2dt 1 C
22. K5kB(A)1 IIw-1 B 2dt 1 C
23. L3dB2 IIIes-2 C 3st 3 B
24. L3dC2 Ives-1 C 3st 3 B
25. L3dC2 S R Ives-2 C 4st 4 B
26. L3dC3 Ives-3 C 4st 4 B
27. L3dC3 S R Ives-3 C 4st 4 B
28. L3kC(A)1 Ivs-1 C 3st 3 B
29. MB4Db2 IIe-1 B 2t 2 C
26
S.
No.
Soil
Mapping
Unit
Land
Capability
Class
Soil
Irrigability
Class
Land
Irrigability
Class
Paddy Soil
Group
Hydrologic
Soil Group
30. MB4dC2 IIIe-1 B 3t 3 C
31. M5dB2 IIe-1 A 2t 2 C
32. M5hC(A)1 II-1 A 3t 2 C
33. P5dB2 IIe-1 A 2t 2 C
34. P5dC3 Ive-1 A 3t 3 C
35. P5kB(A)1 II-1 A 2t 1 C
36. P5KC3 Ive-1 A 3t 3 C
37. S5hB(A)1 IIsw-1 B 2dst 1 D
38. S5kB(A)1 IIsw-1 B 2dst 1 D
39. T5dB2 IIes-1 A 2st 2 C
40. T5kB2 IIes-1 A 2st 2 C
Report No. Agri. 1410: Report on Detailed Soil Survey and Land Use of Ma3h
Subwatershed of Mandira Dam Catchment, P.S. Simdega, Disrict- Simdega, Jharkhand.
The report covers an area of 4,410 ha spread over Mandira Dam Catchment, situated in P.S.
Simdega, Disrict - Simdega, Jharkhand lies between 22° 31′ 30″ to 22° 37’ 30″ North
Latitude and 84° 33′ 45″ to 84° 38′ 10″ East Longitude covered by SOI Toposheet No.
73B/10.
Physiographically, the area is a part of Chhotanagpur plateau. It has undulating and dissected
topography with complex slopes owing to numerous ridges and valleys. The elevation of the
tract ranges from 400 m to 631 m above mean sea level. The relief is sub normal and
excessive at places.The area has been divided into following units i) Pediplains, ii)
Depressions iii) Foot hill slope and iv) Hill side slopes. The drainage pattern of the area is
dendritic and sub-dendritic in nature.
Geologically, the formation of the major survey area is composed mainly Archean granite
gneiss with patches of Dharwar rocks i.e. Phyllite, Mica schists etc. Besides Granite gneiss, a
considerable part of the area is developed over alluvium.
Climatically, the area falls under the sub-humid, sub-tropical climatic zone having distinct
three main seasons i.e. winter, summer and monsoon in succession. The annual average
rainfall of the surveyed area is 1123 mm and mean annual temperature is 25.6 °C. The
average maximum and minimum temperature in the surveyed area are 32.1 °C and 19.1 °C
respectively.The temperature data reveals that the difference between mean summer and
mean winter temperature is more than 7.6 °C and hence the soil temperature regime of the
area is presumed to be ‘hyperthermic’.
27
Agriculture is the main source of livelihood for the people of the area. Nearly 80% of
population depends on agriculture and the others are engaged in business, service and other
jobs. Intensive cultivation following modern farming technique with the application of
fertilizers etc. is not practiced by common cultivators of the area. Wheat, mung, mustard and
maize are grown in the mid upland plain and homestead areas during rabi season and paddy
in kharif season. Eight soil series have been identified in the surveyed area. Brief descriptions
are as following.
Amra (AR): The soil of this series comprises shallow, well to excessively drained soils
developed over weathered granite gneiss and occur on moderately steep to very steep
sloping hill side slope. The soils are severely eroded with severe surface stoniness and
rockiness and mostly under thin to thick forest vegetation and partly waste land. The soil
mapping units identified are AR2dF3S R, AR2dG3S R and AR2dH3S R.
Balia (B): The soil of this series comprises very deep, moderately well drained soils
developed over weathered granite gneiss and occurs on very gently to gently sloping
upper pediplains. The soils are mainly unbunded and adapted to minor crop cultivation
under rainfed condition. However, bunded lands are mainly under paddy cultivation.
Soils of this series suffer from slight to severe erosion. The soil mapping units identified
are B5dB2, B5dB2 S R, B5dC2, B5dC3, B5kB(A)1 and B5kC(A)1.
Barapani (BP): The soil of this series comprises very deep, moderately well drained,
developed over granite gneiss on very gently to gently sloping terraced land on lower
pediplains. The soils are mainly bunded and adapted to paddy cultivation. Soils of this
series suffer from slight water erosion. The soil mapping units identified are BP5dB(A)1
and BP5hC(A)1.
Dumka (D): The soil of this series comprises shallow, well drained soils, developed
over granite gneiss and occurring on very gently to moderately sloping upper
pediplains/convex uplands. These soils are moderately to severely eroded with slightly to
moderately stoniness and rockiness surface and are mostly lying waste or under thin
bushy vegetation. Minor crops and paddy are occasionally practiced at some places. The
soil mapping units identified are D2dB2S, D2dB2 S R, D2dC2 S R, D2dD3 S R and
D2dD3 S R.
Jokbahar (JB): The soil of this series comprises very deep, moderately well to well
drained soils developed over granite gneiss and occurring on very gently to gently
sloping upper pediplains. The soils are mainly unbunded and adopted for rainfed
cultivation. However, bunded lands are mainly under paddy cultivation. Soils of this
series suffer from slight to severe erosion. The soil mapping identified are JB5dB(A)1,
JB5dB2, JB5dC2 S R, JB5dC3, JB5hB(A)1, JB5hB2, JB5hC(A)1, JB5hC2, JB5kC(A)1
and JB5kC2.
Karaya (K): The soil of this series comprises very deep, poorly to imperfectly drained,
developed over recent alluvium-colluvium. These soils occur on very gently sloping
28
terraced lands on depressions/valley fills. The soils are well protected from erosion by
suitable bunding and terracing. They are under intensive paddy cultivation with very
good yields. The soil mapping units identified are K5dB(A)1, K5hB(A)1 and K5kB(A)1.
Pahartoli (PH): The soil of this series comprises deep, moderately well to well drained
soils developed over granite gneiss. The soils of this series occur on very gently to gently
sloping upper pediplains. They are mostly unbunded and adapted to rainfed crops where
as bunded lands are brought under paddy cultivation. They suffer from slight to severe
water erosion. The soil mapping units identified are PH4cC(A)1, PH4cC2, PH4cC3,
PH4dB2, PH4dB2 S R, PH4dC2 and PH4kC3.
Pusaro (P): The soil of this series comprises very deep, well drained soils developed
over granite gneiss and occurs on very gently to gently sloping upper pediplains. These
soils are mainly cultivated under dry land agriculture. At patches, these soils are
occupied by thin bushy and forest vegetation. These soils are susceptible to moderate
water erosion. The soil mapping units identified are P5cB2 S R, P5dB2 and P5dC2.
Interpretative Grouping of Soils
S.
No.
Soil
Mapping
Unit
Land
Capability
Class
Soil
Irrigability
Class
Land
Irrigability
Class
Paddy Soil
Group
Hydrologic
Soil Group
1. AR2dF3S R VIIes-1 E 6st 4 D
2. AR2dG3S R VIIes-1 E 6st 4 D
3. AR2dH3S R VIIes-2 E 6st 4 D
4. B5Db2 IIe-1 A 2t 2 C
5. B5dB2 S R IIe-2 A 3t 3 C
6. B5dC2 IIIe-1 A 3t 3 C
7. B5dC3 IVe-1 A 3t 3 C
8. B5kB(A)1 II-1 A 2t 1 C
9. B5kC(A)1 III-1 A 3t 1 C
10. BP5dB(A)1 IIs-1 B 2st 1 C
11. BP5hC(A)1 IIIs-1 B 3st 1 C
12. D2dB2S IVes-2 E 6st 4 D
13. D2dB2 S R VIes-1 E 6st 4 D
14. D2dC2 S R VIes-1 E 6st 4 D
15. D2dD3 S R VIes-2 E 6st 4 D
16. D2dD3 S R VIes-2 E 6st 4 D
17. JB5dB(A)1 II-1 A 2t 1 C
18. JB5dB2 IIe-1 A 2t 2 C
19. JB5dC S R IIIe-2 A 4t 4 C
20. JB5dC3 IVe-1 A 3t 3 C
29
S.
No.
Soil
Mapping
Unit
Land
Capability
Class
Soil
Irrigability
Class
Land
Irrigability
Class
Paddy Soil
Group
Hydrologic
Soil Group
21. JB5hB(A)1 II-1 A 2t 1 C
22. JB5hB2 IIe-1 A 2t 2 C
23. JB5hC(A)1 III-1 A 3t 1 C
24. JB5hC2 IIIe-1 A 3t 3 C
25. JB5kC(A)1 III-1 A 3t 1 C
26. JB5kC2 IIIe-1 A 3t 3 C
27. K5dB(A)1 IIw-1 C 3dt 1 A
28. K5hB(A)1 IIw-1 C 3dt 1 A
29. K5kB(A)1 IIw-1 C 3dt 1 A
30. PH4cC(A)1 IIe-2 B 3t 3 C
31. PH4cC2 IIe-1 B 2t 2 C
32. PH4cC3 IIIe-1 B 3t 3 C
33. PH4dB2 III-1 B 3t 1 C
34. PH4dB2 S R IIIe-1 B 3t 3 C
35. PH4dC2 IVe-1 B 3t 3 C
36. PH4kC3 IIe-1 B 2t 2 C
37. P5cB2 S R IIe-2 B 3t 3 C
38. P5dB2 IIIe-1 B 3t 3 C
39. P5dC2 IVe-1 B 3t 3 C
Report No. Agri. 1414: Report on Detailed Soil Survey and Land Use of 2A4D5w and
2A4D6k subwatersheds of Lower Ganga Basin, P.S.: Pathalgada and Simaria of district -
Chatra and P.S. Katkamsandi of District - Hazaribagh, Jharkhand.
The report covers an area of 6,665 ha spread over Lower Ganga Basin situated in Pathalgada
and Simaria of district- Chatra and P.S. Katkamsandi of District - Hazaribagh, Jharkhand.
The 2A4D5w’ subwatershed lies between 84° 53′ 19″ to 84° 56′ 32″ East Longitude & 24°
12′ 13″ to 24° 16′ 19″ North Latitude and 2A4D6k’ subwatershed lies between 85° 11′ to
85°17′ East Longitude & 24° 01′ to 24° 05′ North Latitude covered by toposheet Nos. 72H/4
and 72H/8.
Physiographically, the area is a part of Chhotanagpur plateau. It has undulating to rolling and
dissected topography with complex slopes, owing to numerous ridges and valleys. The
elevation of the tract ranges from 50m to 371m above M.S.L. The relief of the area is sub
normal to normal in the valley areas and excessive in hilly areas. The drainage pattern of the
area is sub dendritic to sub parallel. The main drainage of the subwatershed is Mahane which
is flowing from South to East.
30
Geologically, the formation of the area has been reported to be Archean age of varied
formations and composition. The common rock of this area is Granite gneiss with different
mineralogical composition like quartz, feldspar, mica etc. The hill ranges consists mainly of
granite gneiss. Besides, this alluvium of sub-recent to recent origin comprising coarser
sediments were deposited by fluvial action in depressional land and valley.
Climatically, the area falls under sub-humid tropic with three main seasons i.e. winter,
summer and rainy season. The mean annual rainfall of the area is 1216 mm and means annual
temperature is around 22.2°C. The area remains dry for more than 90 cumulative days in a
year and the soil moisture control section is moist for more than 180 cumulative days in some
part which suggests the area as “Ustic” moisture regime and in depressional area where soils
are of “Aquic” moisture regime. The difference between mean summer and mean winter
temperature is greater than 6°C which qualifies temperature regime as ‘Hyperthermic’.
Agriculture is the main occupation of the people of the area. Only one crop is grown mainly
in khrif i.e. paddy. No wide spread irrigation facilities are available in the area. Very small
patches are under irrigation where rabi crops like wheat, gram, torai etc. are grown.
Agriculture is practiced intermittently in the forest area. Only agriculture land in the survey
area constitutes 9%. Fourteen soil series have been identified in the surveyed area. Brief
description are as following.
Amra (AR): The soil of this series comprises shallow excessively drained soils,
developed over granite and found to occur on strongly to steep sloping hill side slope.
The soils of this series are poorly conserved and susceptible to severe erosion. The soils
are severely stony, severely rocky and severely eroded and covered with thick to thin
forest. The soil mapping units identified are AR2kE3 S R, and AR2kG3 S R .
Amgoan (AG): The soil of this series comprises very deep soils developed over
colluvial alluvial material of quartzite and found to occur on to very gently to gently
sloping depressions. The soils are bunded and converted into nearly level terraces of
0.5% slope. They have slight to none erosion hazards. These soils are extensively used
for growing rainfed paddy. The soil mapping units identified are AG5eB (A)1 and
AG5eC (A)1.
Bhagwanpur (BG): The soil of this series comprises very deep, poorly to imperfectly
drained soils, occurring on gently sloping to slope and lower valley plains and developed
over Quartzite. They are well bunded with none to slight erosion and are under paddy
cultivation. The soil mapping unit identified is B5hC(A)1.
Bathantoli (BT): The soil of this series comprises deep, well to moderately well drained
soils and found to occur on very gently to gently sloping mid convex up land and
developed over granite. They are mostly under paddy cultivation but at places are fallow
with moderate erosion. The soil mapping units identified are BT4 d C(A)1, BT4 k B2
and BT4kC2.
31
Bendukani (BK): The soil of this series comprises shallow, well drained soils,
developed over quartzite and found to occur on very gently to gently sloping, foot hill
slopes and convex upland. The soils of this series are poorly conserved and have
moderate to severe erosion hazards. They are mostly stony and rocky land with rainfed
cultivation and thick to thin plantation. The soil mapping units identified are BK2kB2,
BK2kC2, BK2kC3 and BK2k C3 SR.
Dumka (D): The soil of this series comprises shallow soils, well drained soils developed
over granite and found to occur on gently to moderately sloping, foot hill slope and
convex upland. They are mostly under waste land and few part of the area is under
cultivation and forest. They have severe erosion hazards. The soil mapping units
identified are D2 d C2, D2 d C3 SR and D2 d D3 SR.
Edla (ED): The soil of this series comprises very deep, well drained soils developed
over quartzite and found to occur on very gently to gently sloping mid-upland. They are
partly bunded and suffered from moderate to sever erosion hazards. The soil mapping
units identified are ED5eC(A)1, ED5eB2, ED5hC2 and ED5hC3.
Lakshmipur (L): The soil of this series are moderately deep, well drained, developed
over granite and found to occur on very gently to gently sloping convex upland. They are
partly bunded and susceptible to moderate to severe erosion. Its colour is dark reddish
brown and texture is clay loam to sandy clay loam with weak to moderate, fine to
medium sub angular blocky structure. The soil mapping units identified are L3hB2,
L3hC2 and L3kC2 SR.
Matnag (MG): The soil of this series comprises moderately deep, well drained soils,
developed over quartzite and found to occur on gently sloping, foot hill and convex
upland. The soils of this series are both partly bunded and susceptible to moderate to
severe erosion hazards. Soils of this series are fallow and rainfed cultivation and have
moderate to severe erosion. The soil mapping units identified are MG3 k C2 and MG3 k
C3.
Nagar (NG): The soil of this series comprises very deep soils developed over colluvial-
alluvial and are encountered in depression and valleys. They are well bunded with none
to slight erosion and under paddy cultivation. Texture ranges from sandy loam to sandy
clay loam with weak to moderate fine to medium sub angular blocky structure. The soil
mapping units identified are NG5 e B(A)1, NG5 k B(A)1 and NG5 k C(A)1.
Pusaro (P): The soil of this series comprises very deep, moderately well drained soils
developed over Granite parent materials. Occurring on very gently to gently sloping
convex uplands. They are mostly under rainfed cultivation, but at places fallow land and
susceptible with moderate erosion hazards. The soil mapping units identified are P5 k B2
and P5 k C2.
Piprakalan (PN): The soil of this series comprises very deep, moderately to imperfectly
drained soils and developed over granite parent materials. Occurring on very gently to
32
gently sloping mid upland and valley plains. They are mostly under paddy cultivation,
but at places fallow with slight to moderate erosion. The soil mapping units identified are
PN5 k B(A)1, PN5rC(A)1, PN5rB2 and PN5rC2.
Parkala (PK): The soil of this series comprises deep, imperfectly to moderately drained
soils and developed over Quartzite parent materials and found to occur on gentle sloping
upper pediment of convex upland. They are mostly under paddy cultivation, but at places
fallow with moderate to severe erosion. The soil mapping units identified are PK4 k
C(A)1, PK4 d C(A)1, PK4 d C2 and PK4 d C3.
Sarabmunda (SM): The soil of this series comprises shallow, excessively drained soils,
developed over quartzite and found to occur on strongly sloping to steep sloping hill side
slopes. These soils are unbunded, mostly stony and rocky with thick to thin forest and
have severe erosion hazards. The soil mapping units identified are SM2 k E3-SR and
SM2 k G3-SR.
Interpretative Grouping of Soils
S.
No.
Soil Mapping
Unit
Land
Capability
Class
Soil
Irrigability
Class
Land
Irrigability
Class
Paddy Soil
Group
Hydrologic
Soil Group
1. AG5eB(A)1 IIw-1 B 2dt 1 C
2. AG5eC(A)1 IIIw-1 B 3dt 2 C
3. AR2kE3 SR VIes-2 E 6st 4 D
4. AR2kG3 SR VIIes-1 E 6st 4 D
5. B5 h C(A)1 III-1 B 3t 2 C
6. BK2KB2 IVes-1 D 4st 4 D
7. BK2 k C2 IVes-2 D 4st 4 D
8. BK2 k C3 IVes-3 D 4st 4 D
9. BK2kC3 SR VIes-1 D 4st 4 D
10. BT4kB2 IIe-1 B 2t 2 B
11. BT4dC(A)1 III-1 B 3t 2 B
12. BT4kC2 IIIe-1 B 3t 2 B
13. D2 d C2 IVes-2 D 4st 4 D
14. D2 d C3 SR VIes-1 D 4st 4 D
15. D2 d D3 SR VIes-2 D 6st 4 D
16. ED5 e C(A)1 IIe-1 A 2t 2 B
17. ED5 e B2 III-1 A 3t 2 B
18. ED5 h C2 IIIe-1 A 3t 3 B
19. ED5 h C3 IVe-1 A 4t 3 B
20. L3 h B2 IIIes-1 C 3st 3 B
21. L3 h C2 IIIes-2 C 3st 3 B
33
S.
No.
Soil Mapping
Unit
Land
Capability
Class
Soil
Irrigability
Class
Land
Irrigability
Class
Paddy Soil
Group
Hydrologic
Soil Group
22. L3 k C2 SR IIIes-3 C 3st 4 B
23. MG3 k C2 IIIes-2 C 3st 3 B
24. MG3 k C3 IVes-3 C 4st 3 B
25. NG5 e B(A)1 II-1 B 2t 1 C
26. NG5 k B(A)1 II-1 B 2t 1 C
27. NG5 k C(A)1 III-1 B 3t 2 C
28. P5 k B2 IIe-1 A 2t 2 B
29. P5 k C2 IIIe-1 A 3t 3 B
30. PK4 k C(A)1 III-1 A 3t 2 B
31. PK4 d C(A)1 III-1 A 3t 2 B
32. PK4 d C2 IIIe-1 A 3t 3 B
33. PK4 d C3 IVe-1 A 4t 3 B
34. PN5 k B(A)1 II-1 B 2t 1 B
35. PN5 r C(A)1 IIes-1 B 2st 2 B
36. PN5rB2 IIIs-1 B 3st 2 B
37. PN5rC2 IIIes-1 B 3st 3 B
38. SM2 k E3-SR VIes-2 E 6st 4 D
39. SM2 k G3-SR VIIes-1 E 6st 4 D
Report No. Agri. 1417: Report on Detailed Soil Survey and Land Use of Mh5a
subwatersheds of Mahammadganj Dam Catchment, (RVP), P.S. Lesliganj of Palamau
District, Jharkhand.
The report covers an area of 1,194 ha spread over Mahammadganj Dam Catchment, (RVP),
situated in P.S. Lesliganj of Palamau District –Jharkhand lies between 24° 04′ 30″ to 24° 05′
55″ North Latitude & 84° 08′ 30″ to 84° 15′ 1″ East Longitude covered by toposheet No.
72D/4.
Physiographically, the survey area is a part of Chottonagpur plateau. It has undulating and
dissected topography with complex slopes to numerous ridges and valleys. The elevation of
the area ranges from 207m to 239m above msl. The relief of the area is normal to subnormal.
The drainage pattern of the area is sub-dendritic to sub-parallel. The area has been sub-
divided into following units i) Updulating upland, ii) Upper valley plain, iii) Lower valley
plain, iv) River/Stream bank and v)Levee.
Geologically, the survey area is characterized by complex geological structure. The major
geological formation of this area comprises the Archean groups of sedimentary and
Gandowana rocks. The main rocks of the survey area which the soils have been formed are
sandstone and quartzite. There are intrusive masses of mica also.
34
Climatically, the area falls under sub-humid, sub-tropical climate having three distinct
summer, monsoon and winter seasons in succession. The average rainfall of the survey area is
1008 mm and the mean annual temperature is 25.2 °C. The mean maximum and mean
minimum temperature of the area are 32.3 °C and 18.0 °C respectively. The area remains dry
for more than 90 cumulative days which qualifies for “Ustic” moisture regime other than in
depressional area where soil moisture regime is “Aquic”. The monthly mean summer and
mean winter temperature is 29.2 °C to 21.2 °C respectively. The difference between mean
summer and mean winter temperature is greater than 6 °C which qualifies temperature regime
as ‘Hyperthermic’.
Agriculture is the main source of livelihood for the people of the area, while collection of fuel
woods, bidi leaves, Sal leaves from the forest and selling them in the market are the
additional source of income. Lands on favourable slope with proper bunding and terracing are
extensively cultivated for paddy in kharif season. Wheat, mung, mustard, Til and other
vegetables are grown in the area during rabi season by lift irrigation from nala, well, etc.
Eight soil series have been identified in the surveyed area. Brief description are as following.
Amwa (AM): The soil of this series comprises very deep, sandy skeletal textured,
calcareous, imperfectly drained soils developed from weathered parent materials of
sandstone. These soils occur on very gently to gently sloping, terraced to nearly level
slope. The soils of the series are well managed with suitable terrace, mostly under paddy
cultivation and are susceptible to none to slight erosion. The soil mapping units
identified are AM5kB(A)1, AM5hB(A)1 and AM5hC(A)1.
Banwa (BN): The soil of this series comprises very deep, fine loamy textured,
calcareous, moderately well to well drained soils developed from weathered parent
materials of sandstone. These soils occur on very gently to gently sloping upper valley.
The soil of the series are poorly managed and at places suitable terrace and mostly under
rainfed paddy cultivation and are susceptible to slight to moderate erosion. The soil
mapping units identified are BN5dB(A)1, BN5kB(A)1, BN5hB2, BN5kB2, BN5hC(A)1
and BN5hC2.
Duradih (DD): The soil of this series comprises deep, fine loamy textured, non-
calcareous, well drained soils developed from weathered parent materials of sandstone.
These soils occur on very gently to gently sloping undulating upland. The soils of this
series are moderately managed, mostly under open scrub and are susceptible to moderate
erosion. The soil mapping units identified are DD4dB2, DD4dB2 and DD4dC2.
Hara (HR): The soil of this series comprises very deep, fine loamy textured, non-
calcareous, moderately well to well drained soils developed from weathered parent
materials of sandstone. The soils occur on very gently to gently sloping stream bank. The
soil of the series are well to well managed, mostly under dry land cultivation and at
places rainfed paddy cultivation and are susceptible to slight to moderate erosion. The
soil mapping units identified are HR5dB(A)1, HR5dB2 and HR5dC2.
35
Jhagarpur (JP): The soil of this series comprises very deep, fine loamy textured,
calcareous, moderately well drained soils developed over alluvium-colluvium materials.
These soils occur on very gently to gently sloping stream banks. The soil of the series are
well managed, mostly under paddy cultivation and are susceptible to slight to moderate
erosion. The soil mapping units identified are JP5dB(A)1, JP5eB(A)1, JP5dB2 and
JP5dC(A)1.
Kanti (KT): The soil of this series comprises very deep, coarse loamy textured,
calcareous, moderately well rained soils developed from weathered parent materials of
alluvium. These soils occur on very gently to gently sloping levies. The soil of the series
are unbunded and at places well terrace and mostly under single crop and paddy
cultivation and are susceptible slight to moderate erosion. The soil mapping units
identified are KT5dB(A)1 and KT5dC2.
Matang (MG): The soil of this series comprises moderately deep, fine textured, non-
calcareous, well drained soils developed from weathered parent materials of quartzite.
These soils occur on very gently to gently sloping undulating upland. The soil of the
series are moderately managed, mostly under single crop dry land cultivation and are
susceptible to moderate erosion. The soil mapping units identified are MG3dB2 and
MG3dC2.
Zalim (Z): The soil of this series comprises very deep, fine textured, non-calcareous,
imperfectly drained soils developed from weathered parent materials of sandstone. These
soils occur on very gently to gently sloping under valley. The soil of the series are
moderate to well bunded, mostly under double crop cultivation and are susceptible to
none to slight erosion to moderate erosion. The soil mapping units identified are
Z5dB(A)1, Z5hB(A)1, Z5kB(A)1, Z5hB2 and Z5hC(A).
Interpretative Grouping of Soils
S.
No.
Soil Mapping
Unit
Land
Capability
Class
Soil
Irrigability
Class
Land
Irrigability
Class
Paddy Soil
Group
Hydrologic
Soil Group
1. AM5hB(A)1 IIs-1 B 2st 2 C
2. AM5hC(A)1 IIIs-1 B 3st 2 C
3. AM5kB(A)1 IIs-1 B 2st 2 C
4. BN5dB(A)1 II-1 A 2t 2 B
5. BN5kB(A)1 II-1 A 2t 2 B
6. BN5hC(A)1 III-1 A 3t 2 B
7. BN5hC2 IIIe-1 A 3t 3 B
8. BN5hB2 IIe-1 A 2t 2 B
9. BN5kB2 IIe-1 A 2t 2 B
10. DD4dB2 IIe-1 B 2t 3 C
36
S.
No.
Soil Mapping
Unit
Land
Capability
Class
Soil
Irrigability
Class
Land
Irrigability
Class
Paddy Soil
Group
Hydrologic
Soil Group
11. DD4dB2 IIe-1 B 2t 3 C
12. DD4dC2 IIIe-1 B 3t 3 C
13. HR5dB II-1 A 2t 2 B
14. HR5dB2 (A)1 IIe-1 A 2t 2 B
15. HR5dC2 IIIe-1 A 3t 3 B
16. JP5dB(A)1 II-1 A 2t 2 B
17. JP5dC (A)1 III-1 A 3t 2 B
18. JP5dB2 IIe-1 A 2t 2 B
19. JP5eB(A)1 II-1 A 2t 2 B
20. KT5dB(A)1 II-1 B 2s 3 A
21. KT5dC2 IIIs-1 B 3st 3 A
22. MG3dB2 IIIes-1 C 3st 3 C
23. MG3dC2 IIIes-2 C 3st 3 C
24. Z5dB(A)1 IIs-1 B 2st 2 C
25. Z5hB(A)1 IIs-1 B 2st 2 C
26. Z5kB(A)1 IIs-1 B 2st 2 C
27. Z5hB2 IIes-1 B 2st 2 C
28. Z5hC(A)1 IIIs-1 B 3st 2 C
Report No. Agri. 1418: Report on Detailed Soil Survey and Land Use of 2A2F5m, p & q
(Part) subwatersheds of Panchet Dam Catchment, (DVC-RVP), P.S. Topchanchi, Bagmara &
Gobindpur, District – Dhanbad, Jharkhand.
The report covers an area of 8,099 ha spread over Panchet Dam Catchment, (DVC-RVP)
situated in P.S. Topchanchi, Bagmara & Gobindpur, District – Dhanbad, Jharkhand. The
2A2F5m, p & q (Part) subwatershed lies between 23° 51′ 5″ to 23° 56′ 15″ North Latitude &
86° 13′ 04″ to 86° 23′ 15″ East Longitude covered by toposheet Nos. 73I/1 and 73I/5.
Physiographically, the survey area is a part of Chottanagpur plateau. It has undulating, rolling
and dissected topography with complex slope owing to ridges and valleys. Fluvial landforms
the result of the work of the river / streams in the form of erosion as well ass deposition plays
a vital role in this area. Featureless surfaces of peneplanation in this sub-humid sub-tropical
region ultimately produce by way of erosion transportation and deposition. A long continued
weathering and erosion in this climate is the chief responsible for ridge and valley formation.
The area has been divided into three units i) Hill side slope, ii) Convex upland / undulating
upland and iii) Depression / Valley fills. The area is drained by Katri Nadi which is seasonal
in nature, carrying enormous finer particles and finally discharging to Damodar River.
37
Geologically, the formation of the area is a part of Chottonagpur plateau where main rock
types of Archean system of the area are granite, granite-gneiss with biotite veins consisting of
feldspar, quartz, mica and other minerals. Besides, granite gneiss, alluvium of sub-recent to
recent origin comprising coarser sediments deposited by fluvial action occurs on river terrace
and in valley fills.
Climatically, the area falls under sub-humid, sub-tropical climate having three distinct
summer, monsoon and winter seasons in succession. The average rainfall of the survey area is
1281.52 mm and the mean annual temperature is 22.2°C. The mean maximum and mean
minimum temperature of the area are 32°C and 12.3°C respectively. The area remains dry for
more than 120 cumulative days and period is more than 180 days which qualifies for “Ustic”
moisture regime other than in depressional area where soil moisture regime is “Aquic”. The
temperature data reveals that the variation between mean summer and mean winter is 12.7°C
from which it is assumed that the soil temperature regime if “Hyperthermic”.
Agriculture is the main livelihood for the people of the area. Nearly 75 of population depend
on agriculture and the rest are engaged in business, service or other jobs. Intensive cultivation
using modern farming technique and application of fertilizer etc., are not usually practiced by
most of the cultivators of the area. The main cropping seasons are kharif and rabi. Besides
agriculture, villagers are engaged in collecting fuel woods, bidi leaves and sal leaves from
forest and selling them in local market for their additional source of income. Most of the
forests in the area have medium to sparse vegetation but they are in danger due to
indiscriminate cutting and felling of trees. Ten soil series have been identified in the surveyed
area. Brief descriptions are as following.
Amra (AR): The soil of this series comprises shallow, loamy skeletal textured, well
drained soils developed from weathered parent materials of granite gneiss. These soils
occur on strongly to very steep sloping hills side slopes. Soils of the series are
unmanaged, mostly under forest and are susceptible to severe water erosion. The soil
mapping units identified are AR2dE3SR, AR2dF3SR, AR2dG3SR and AR2dH3SR.
Balia: The soil of this series comprises very deep, fine loamy textured, well drained
soils developed from weather parent materials of granite gneiss. These soils occur on
very gently to gently sloping mid uplands. Soils of the series are poorly to well managed,
mostly under single crop cultivation and are susceptible to slight to moderate erosion.
The soil mapping units identified are B5dB(A)1, B5dB2, B5dC2 and B5dC3.
Bathantoli: The soil of this series comprises deep, fine loamy textured, moderately well
drained soils developed from weathered parent materials of granite gneiss. These soils
occur on very gently to gently sloping convex upland. Soils of the series are poorly to
well managed, mostly under terraced cultivation and are susceptible to slight to severe
water erosion. The soil mapping units identified are BT4dB (A)1, BT4kB(A)1,
BT4dC(A)1, BT4dB2, BT4dB SR, BT4dC2 and BT4dC3.
38
Belguma: The soil of this series comprises deep, fine loamy textured, well drained soils
developed from weathered parent materials of granite gneiss. These soils occur on very
gently to gently sloping convex upland. Soils of the series are moderate to well managed,
mostly under single crop cultivation and are susceptible to slight erosion to severe water
erosion. The soil mapping units identified are BG4dB (A)1, BG4eB(A)1, BG4dC(A)1,
BG4dB2, BG4dC2, BG4dC3 and BG4dC3 SR.
Daludih: The soil of this series comprises very deep, fine textured, imperfectly drained
soils developed from weathered parent materials of granite gneiss. These soils occur on
very gently sloping mid uplands. Soil of the series are poorly to well managed, mostly
under terraced cultivation and are susceptible to slight erosion to moderate erosion. The
soil mapping units identified are DD5dB(A)1, DD5eB(A)1 and DD5dB2.
Dayabandh: The soil of this series comprises deep, fine loamy textured well drained to
moderately well drained soils developed from weathered parent materials of granite
gneiss. These soils occur on very gently to gently sloping mid uplands. Soil of the series
are poorly managed to unmanaged, mostly under single crop cultivation and are
susceptible to none to slight erosion to severe water erosion. The soil mapping units
identified are DB4dB(A)1, DB4dB2, DB4dB2 SR, DB4dC2, DB4dC3 and DB4dC3 SR.
Dumka: The soil of this series comprises shallow, loamy skeletal textured, well drained
soils developed from weathered parent materials of granite gneiss. These soils occur on
very gently to moderately sloping foot hill slopes. The soil of the series are to well
managed, mostly under deciduous forest and are susceptible to slight erosion to severe
water erosion. The soil mapping units identified are D2dB(A)1, D2dC2, D2dC3, D2dB2,
D2dB2 SR, D2dC2 SR, D2dC3 SR and D2dD3 SR.
Karya: The soil of this series comprises very deep, fine loamy textured, poorly drained
to moderately well drained soils developed from weathered parent materials of alluvium.
These soils occur on very gently sloping terraced depression. The soil of the series are
well managed, mostly under terraced cultivation and are susceptible to none to slight
erosion. The soil mapping units identified are K5dB(A)1, K5hB(A)1 and K5kB(A)1.
Pusaro: The soil of this series comprises very deep, fine loamy textured, moderately
well drained to well drained soils developed from weathered parent materials of granite
gneiss. These soils occur on very gently to gently sloping mid upland. The soil of the
series are poorly managed to moderate well managed, mostly under grasslands / texture
and are susceptible to slight to severe water erosion. The soil mapping units identified
are P5dB( A)1, P5hB(A)1, P5kB(A)1, P5kC(A)1, P5dB2, P5dC2 and P5dC3.
Radhadamodarpur (RD): The soil of this series comprises moderately deep, fine
loamy textured, well drained soils developed from weathered parent materials of granite
gneiss. These soils occur on very gently to gently sloping convex upland. Soil of this
series are unmanaged to well managed, mostly under single crop cultivation and are
susceptible to slight erosion to severe water erosion. The soil mapping units identified
are RD3dB(A)1, RD3kB(A)1, RD3dB2, RD3dC2, RD3dC2 SR and RD3dC3.
39
Interpretative Grouping of Soils
S.
No.
Soil
Mapping
Unit
Land
Capability
Class
Soil
Irrigability
Class
Land
Irrigability
Class
Paddy Soil
Group
Hydrologic
Soil Group
1. AR2dF3SR VIIes-2 E 6st 4 D
2. AR2dG3SR VIIes-2 E 6st 4 D
3. AR2dH3SR VIIes-2 E 6st 4 D
4. AR2dE3SR VIIes-1 E 6st 4 D
5. B5dC3 IVe-1 B 3t 3 B
6. B5dC2 IIIe-1 A 3t 2 B
7. B5dB2 IIe-1 A 2t 2 B
8. B5dB(A)1 II-1 A 2t 2 B
9. BT4dC2 IIIes-2 B 3st 2 C
10. BT4dC(A)1 IIIs-2 B 3st 2 C
11. BT4dB2 SR IVes-1 C 2st 3 C
12. BT4dB2 IIIes-1 B 2st 2 C
13. BT4dC3 IVes-1 C 3st 3 C
14. BT4dB(A)1 IIIs-1 B 2st 2 C
15. BT4kB(A)1 IIIs-1 B 2st 2 C
16. BG4dB(A)1 IIs-1 B 2st 2 C
17. BG4dB2 IIIes-1 B 2st 2 C
18. BG4dC(A)1 IIs-1 B 3st 2 C
19. BG4dC2 IIIes-2 B 3st 2 C
20. BG4eB(A)1 IIs-1 B 2st 2 C
21. BG4dC3 SR IVes-2 C 3st 3 C
22. BG4dC3 IVes-1 C 3st 3 C
23. DD5eB(A)1 II-1 A 2t 2 C
24. DD5dB2 IIe-1 A 2t 2 C
25. DD5dB(A)1 II-1 A 2t 2 C
26. DB4dB2 SR IIIes-3 C 3st 3 C
27. DB4dB2 IIIes-1 B 2st 2 C
28. DB4dC2 IIIes-2 B 3st 2 C
29. DB4dC3 IVes-1 C 3st 3 C
30. DB4dC3 SR IVes-2 C 3st 3 C
31. DB4dB(A)1 IIs-1 B 2st 2 C
32. D2dC2 IVes-1 D 4st 4 D
33. D2dC3 VIes-1 D 4st 4 D
40
S.
No.
Soil
Mapping
Unit
Land
Capability
Class
Soil
Irrigability
Class
Land
Irrigability
Class
Paddy Soil
Group
Hydrologic
Soil Group
34. D2dB2 IVes-1 D 4st 4 D
35. D2dB2 SR, VIes-1 D 4st 4 D
36. D2dC2 SR VIes-1 D 4st 4 D
37. D2dD3 SR VIes-2 D 4st 4 D
38. D2dB(A)1 IVes-1 D 4st 4 D
39. D2dC3 SR VIes-2 D 4st 4 D
40. K5dB(A)1 IIw-1 B 2dt 2 D
41. K5hB(A)1 IIw-1 B 2dt 2 D
42. K5kB(A)1 IIw-1 B 2dt 2 D
43. P5dB2 IIe-1 A 2t 2 D
44. P5kC(A)1 III-1 A 3t 2 C
45. P5kB(A)1 II-1 A 2t 2 C
46. P5hB(A)1 II-1 A 2t 2 C
47. P5dC2 IIIe-1 A 3t 2 C
48. P5dB( A)1 II-1 A 2t 2 C
49. P5dC3 IVe-1 B 3t 3 C
50. RD3dB(A)1 IIIs-1 C 3st 3 C
51. RD3dB2 IIIes-1 C 3st 3 C
52. RD3dC2 IIIes-2 C 3st 3 C
53. RD3dC2 SR IVes-1 D 4st 3 C
54. RD3dC3 IVes-2 D 4st 3 C
55. RD3kB(A)1 IIIs-1 C 3st 3 C
Report No. Agri. 1420: Report on Detailed Soil Survey and Land Use of 2A2F5a, 2A2F5b,
and 2A2F5f sub-watersheds of Panchet Dam Catchment (RVP), District, Jharkhand.
The report covers an area of 9,455 ha spread over Panchet Dam Catchment, (RVP) situated in
P.S. Dhanbad and Gobindpur, District – Dhanbad, Jharkhand lies between 23° 39′ to 23° 51′
and 23° 46′ 30″ to 23° 52′ North Latitude & 86° 18′ 30″ to 86° 24′ 30″ and 86° 20′ 30″ to 86°
26′ 30″ East Longitude covered by toposheet Nos. 73I/5 and 73I/6.
Physiographically, the survey area is a part of Chottanagpur plateau. It has undulating and
dissected topography with complex slopes owing to numerous ridges and valleys. The
elevation of the area ranges from 140m to 300m above msl. The relief of the area is
subnormal and excessive at places. The drainage pattern of the area is dendritic and sub-
dendritic in nature. The area has been sub-divided into following units i) Hill side slopes, ii)
Upper convex upland iii) Middle convex upland and iv) Depression.
41
Geologically, the geological formation for the major part of the area consists of rocks of
various type and composition. The common rock of Archean system of the area is granite
gneiss with biotite veins consisting of feldspar, quartz, mica and other minerals i.e. shale and
sandstone. Besides granite gneiss, alluvium of sub-recent origin comprising coarser
sediments deposited by fluvial action occurs on river terrace and in valley fills.
Climatically, the area falls under sub-humid, sub-tropical climate having three distinct
summer, monsoon and winter seasons in succession. The average rainfall of the survey area is
1282 mm and the mean annual temperature is 22.2°C. The mean maximum and mean
minimum temperature of the area are 32.5°C and 12.3°C respectively. The area remains dry
for more than 120 cumulative days and period is more than 180 days which qualifies for
“Ustic” moisture regime other than in depressional area where soil moisture regime is
“Aquic”. The difference between mean summer and mean winter temperature is 12.7°C from
which one may assume that the soil temperature close is ‘Hyperthermic’.
Agriculture is the main livelihood for the people of the area. Nearly 75% of population
depends on agriculture and the rest are engaged in business, service or other jobs. Intensive
cultivation using modern farming technique and application of fertilizer etc. are not practiced
by common cultivators of the area. The main cropping seasons are kharif and rabi. Besides
farming, villagers supplement their income by collecting fuel woods and coals and selling
them in local market. Lands on favourable slope with proper bunding and terracing are
extensively cultivated for paddy in kharif season. Wheat, mung, Mustard and Maize are
grown in the mid upland plain and homestead areas during Rabi season. Fourteen soil series
have been identified in the surveyed area. Brief descriptions are as following.
Amra (A): The soil of this series comprises shallow, loamy skeletal textured, non-
calcareous excessively drained soils developed from weathered parent materials of
granite gneiss. These soil occur on moderately steep to steep sloping hills side slopes.
These soils have rapid to very rapid permeability. Mostly under waste land unsuitable for
cultivation and are susceptible to severe water erosion. The soil mapping units identified
are AR2dF3SR and AR2dF3 SR.
Barragarh (BG): The soil of this series comprises very deep, fine textured, non-
calcareous, moderately well drained soils developed from weathered parent materials of
shale. These soils occur on very gently to gently sloping convex upland slope. The soil of
the series are unmanaged to poorly managed, mostly under plantation and are susceptible
slight to severe water erosion. The soil mapping units identified are BG5hB(A)1,
BG5hB2, BG5kB2, BG5kC2, BG5kC3 and BG5kD3.
Dhanbad (DB): The soil of this series comprises deep, fine loamy textured, non-
calcareous, moderately well drained soils developed from weathered parent materials of
granite gneiss. These soils occur on very gently to gently sloping convex upland slope.
The soil of the series are poorly managed, mostly under single crop cultivation and are
42
susceptible to none to slight water erosion to severe water erosion. The soil mapping
units identified are DB4dB2, DB4dC2, DB4kB(A)1 and DB4kC(A)1.
Dumka (D): The soil of this series comprises shallow, coarse loamy textured, non-
calcareous, well drained soils developed from weathered parent materials of granite
gneiss. These soils occur on gently to moderately sloping undulating upland. The soil of
the series are unmanaged, mostly under waste land unsuitable for cultivation and are
susceptible to moderate water erosion to severe water erosion. The soil mapping units
identified are D2dC2, D2dD3S and D2dD3SR.
Gopalichak (GC): The soil of this series comprises moderately deep, fine loamy
textured, non-calcareous, moderately well drained soils developed from weathered parent
materials of shale. These soils occur on very gently to gently sloping undulating upland.
The soil of the series are mostly poorly managed, under single crop cultivation and are
susceptible to none to slight water erosion to severe water erosion. The soil mapping
units identified are GC3hC3, GC3kB(A)1, GC3kB3 SR and GC3kC2.
Jitpur (JT): The soil of this series comprises deep, fine loamy textured, non-calcareous,
moderately well drained soils developed from weathered parent materials of sandstone.
These soils occur on very gently to moderately sloping convex upland. The soil of the
series are unmanaged, mostly under waste land unsuitable for cultivation and are
susceptible to slight to severe water erosion. The soil mapping units identified are
JT4dB2, JT4dC2, JT4dC3, JT4kB(A)1, JT4kB2, JT4kC(A)1 and JT4kD3.
Karaya (K): The soil of this series comprises very deep, fine loamy textured, non-
calcareous moderately well drained soils developed over alluvium-colluvium materials.
These soils occur on very gently to gently sloping depression. The soil of the series are
well managed, mostly under single crop cultivation and are susceptible to none to slight
water erosion. The soil mapping units identified are K5hB(A)1, K5hC(A)1, K5kA1,
K5kB(A)1 and K5kC(A)1.
Kenduadih (KD): The soil of this series comprises very deep, fine loamy textured, non-
calcareous, imperfectly drained soils developed from weathered parent materials of
sandstone. These soils occur on very gently to gently sloping plain-uplands. The soil of
the series are poorly managed, mostly under single crop cultivation and are susceptible to
slight to severe water erosion. The soil mapping units identified are KD5dB2, KD5dC2,
KD5kB(A)1, KD5kB2, KD5kC(A)1, KD5kC2 and KD5kC3.
Majladih (MJ): The soil of this series comprises very deep, fine textured, non-
calcareous, imperfectly drained soils developed from weathered parent materials of
shale. These soils occur on very gently to gently sloping plain-mid uplands. The soil of
the series are moderately managed, mostly under single crop cultivation and are
susceptible to slight to moderate water erosion. The soil mapping units identified are
MJ5hB(A)1, MJ5hB2, MJ5hC(A)1, MJ5hC2 and MJ5kB(A)1.
43
Nagrikalan (NK): The soil of this series comprises shallow, coarse loamy textured, non-
calcareous, well drained soils developed from weathered parent materials of shale. These
soils occur on very gently to gently sloping convex upland. The soil of the series are
unmanaged, mostly under waste land unsuitable for cultivation and are susceptible to
moderate water erosion to severe water erosion. The soil mapping units identified are
NK2kB2, NK2kC2 and NK2kC3SR.
Petia (PT): The soil of this series comprises very deep, fine loamy textured, non-
calcareous, imperfectly drained soils developed from weathered parent materials of
sandstone. These soils occur on very gently to gently sloping plain-mid uplands. The soil
of the series are moderately managed, mostly under single crop cultivation and are
susceptible to slight to moderate water erosion. The soil mapping units identified are
PT5hB(A)1, PT5hB2, PT5kC(A)1 and PT5kC2.
Radhadamodarpur (RD): The soil of this series comprises moderately deep, fine loamy
textured, non-calcareous, well drained soil developed from weathered parent materials of
granite gneiss. These soils occur on very gently to gently sloping convex slope. The soil
of the series are poorly managed, mostly under waste land unsuitable for cultivation and
are susceptible to none to slight water erosion to severe water erosion. The soil mapping
units identified are RD3dB2, RD3dC2, RD3dC3S, RD3kB(A)1 and RD3kC(A)1.
Sabaldih (SD): The soil of this series comprises moderately deep, fine loamy textured,
non-calcareous, well drained soils developed from weathered parent materials of
sandstone. These soils occur on very gently to gently sloping upper convex upland. The
soil of the series are unmanaged, mostly under waste land unsuitable for cultivation and
are susceptible to slight to severe water erosion. The soil mapping units identified are
SD3dB2, SD3dC3, SD3dC3SR, SD3dC3SR, SD3kB(A)1 and SD3kC2.
Tetulmari (TM): The soil of this series comprises very deep, coarse loamy textured,
non-calcareous, well drained soils developed from weathered parent materials of granite
gneiss. These soils occur on very gently to gently sloping undulating upland. The soil of
the series are moderately managed, mostly under single crop cultivation and are
susceptible to none to slight water erosion to severe water erosion. The soil mapping
units identified are TM5dB2, TMdC2, TM5kB(A)1, TM5kC(A)1 and TM5kC2.
Interpretative Grouping of Soils
S.
No.
Soil Mapping
Unit
Land
Capability
Class
Soil
Irrigability
Class
Land
Irrigability
Class
Paddy Soil
Group
Hydrologic
Soil Group
1. AR2dF3SR VIes-1 E 6st 4 D
2. AR2dF3 SR VIes-1 E 6st 4 D
3. BG5hB(A)1 II-1 A 2s 2 B
4. BG5hB2 IIe-1 A 2st 2 B
5. BG5kB2 IIe-1 A 2st 2 B
44
S.
No.
Soil Mapping
Unit
Land
Capability
Class
Soil
Irrigability
Class
Land
Irrigability
Class
Paddy Soil
Group
Hydrologic
Soil Group
6. BG5kC2 IIIe-1 A 3st 3 B
7. BG5kC3 IVe-1 A 3st 3 B
8. BG5kD3 IVe-2 A 4st 3 B
9. DB4dB2 IIe-1 B 2t 2 C
10. DB4dC2 IIIe-1 B 3t 3 C
11. DB4kB(A)1 II-1 B 2 2 C
12. DB4kC(A)1 III-1 B 3t 2 C
13. D2dC2 IVes-1 D 4t 4 D
14. D2dD3S IVes-3 D 4t 4 D
15. D2dD3SR IVes-3 D 4t 4 D
16. GC3hC3 IVes-2 C 3t 3 C
17. GC3kB(A)1 IIIs-1 C 3 3 C
18. GC3kB3 SR IVes-2 C 3t 3 C
19. GC3kC2 IIIes-2 C 3t 3 C
20. JT4dB2 IIe-1 B 2t 2 B
21. JT4dC2 IIIe-1 B 3t 3 B
22. JT4dC3 IVe-1 B 3t 3 B
23. JT4kB(A)1 II-1 B 2 2 B
24. JT4kB2 IIe-1 B 2t 2 B
25. JT4kC(A)1 III-1 B 3 2 B
26. JT4kD3 IVe-2 B 4t 3 B
27. K5hB(A)1 II-1 B 2 2 C
28. K5hC(A)1 III-1 B 2 2 C
29. K5kA1 II-1 B 2 2 C
30. K5kB(A)1 II-1 B 2 2 C
31. K5kC(A)1 III-1 B 3 2 C
32. KD5dB2 IIe-1 A 2t 2 B
33. KD5dC2 III-1 A 3t 3 B
34. KD5kB(A)1 II-1 A 2 2 B
35. KD5kB2 IIe-1 A 2t 2 B
36. KD5kC(A)1 III-1 A 3 2 B
37. KD5kC2 IIIe-1 A 3t 3 B
38. KD5kC3 IVe-1 A 3t 3 B
39. MJ5hB(A)1 IIs-1 B 2s 2 B
40. MJ5hB2 IIes-1 B 2st 2 B
45
S.
No.
Soil Mapping
Unit
Land
Capability
Class
Soil
Irrigability
Class
Land
Irrigability
Class
Paddy Soil
Group
Hydrologic
Soil Group
41. MJ5hC(A)1 IIIs-1 B 3s 2 B
42. MJ5hC2 IIIes-1 B 3st 3 B
43. MJ5kB(A)1 IIs-1 B 2s 2 B
44. NK2kB2 IVes-1 D 4st 4 D
45. NK2kC3SR IVes-3 D 4st 4. D
46. NK2kC2 IVes-1 D 4st 4 D
47. PT5hB(A)1 II-1 A 2s 2 B
48. PT5hB2 IIe-1 A 2st 2 B
49. PT5kC(A)1 III-1 A 3s 2 B
50. PT5kC2 IIIe-1 A 3st 3 B
51. RD3dB2 IIIes-1 C 3t 3 C
52. RD3dC2 IIIes-2 C 3t 3 C
53. RD3dC3S IVes-2 C 3t 3 C
54. RD3kB(A)1 IIIs-1 C 3 3 C
55. RD3kC(A)1 IIIs-1 C 3 3 C
56. SD3dB2 IIIes-1 C 3t 3 C
57. SD3dC3 IVes-2 C 3t 3 C
58. SD3dC3SR IVes-2 C 3t 3 C
59. SD3dC3SR IVes-2 C 3t 3 C
60. SD3kB(A)1 IIIs-1 C 3 3 C
61. SD3kC2 IIIes-2 C 3t 3 C
62. TM5dB2 IIe-1 A 2t 2 B
63. TMdC2 IIIe-1 A 3t 3 B
64. TM5kB(A)1 II-1 A 2 2 B
65. TM5kC(A)1 III-1 A 3 2 B
66. TM5kC2 IIIe-1 A 3t 3 B
4.3. Soil Resource Mapping Reports
Report No. SRM-6: Report on Soil Resource Mapping of Goa using Remote Sensing
Techniques.
The report covers an area of 3,70,200 ha. Geographically the area lies between 73° 40′ 54″ to
74° 20′ 11″ East Longitudes and 14° 53′ 47″ to 15° 47′ 59″ North Latitude covered by Survey
of India Toposheets No. 48E/10, 13, 14, 15, 16, 48I/2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8 and 48J/1, 5.
Physiographically, Goa has hilly terrain lies in the southern ends of the Sahyadri range form
the part of Western ghat. These hills after skirting a considerable part of the northern, eastern
46
and southern boundaries of the state branches off westwards across the territory with many
spurs and ridges. The most picturesque region of the area is located in the lower basin of the
Mandovi and Zuari rivers, which joins to form a bay. There are nearly half a dozen islets
between the estuaries of these rivers. The Goa State can be divided into following major
physiographic units viz. i) mountain, ii) Hill side slope, iii) foot hill slope, iv) plateau plains,
v) hillocks / subdued hills, vi) pediment, vii) narrow hill valleys and viii) lower paddy plains.
Geologically, Goa is made up of Goa group of rocks belonging to the age Archean /
Proterozoic age, Deccan trap of upper cretaceous to lower Eocene age. South-western part of
Goa constitutes the coastal plain which includes beach, mudflat, swamps and saltpans. Goa
has a very complex Geology. Laterite and granite are generally found through out the
surveyed area.
Climatically, Goa has a warm tropical climate. It is neither hot nor too cold throughout the
year with mean annual temperature of 27.7 °C. The average rainfall is 2,448 mm. The mean
summer temperature is 29 °C and mean winter temperature is 27 °C. The difference between
the mean summer and mean winter is 2°C thus the soil temperature regime is
“Isohyperthermic”.
The major landuse / land cover categories identified the study area comprises in agriculture,
forest, plantation, open scrub, water bodies and built-up lands. Nearly 25% of the area of Goa
is under forest and the land marks originate from Archean rock formations which are very
thick. The natural vegetation of Goa consists of dense forests of dry deciduous to moist
deciduous type. The entire land is covered with Verdant forest, coconut, cashew nut and
mango trees groves, and at places is inter spread with extensive paddy fields. Teak of good
quality is one of the products of the forest besides Bamboo and Eucalyptus trees.
Forty five soil series have been identified and mapped in the survey area on the basis of soil
morphological and physico-chemical properties. A brief description of individual soil series
are given below.
Ardophand (A): This series consists of deep, well drained with moderately rapid
permeability, brown to dark brown with fine soils developed over granite gneiss
landscape on 1-5% slope of lower pediplains.
Astagol (AG): This series consists of very deep, moderately well drained and
moderately rapid permeability, dark brown, clayey skeletal soils developed over granite
gneiss landscape on 5-15% slope of subdued hills. These soils are under moderately
dense forest with poorly managed.
Badal (B): This series consists of very deep, poorly drained and slow permeability,
dark grayish brown, very fine soils developed over coastal alluvium on 0-1% slope of
coastal alluvial plains. These soils are under cultivation with well managed.
Barsen (BS): This series consists of very deep, well drained with moderately rapid
permeability, dark reddish brown, clayey skeletal soils developed over laterite landscape
47
on 25-50% slope of undifferentiated hill side. These soils are under moderately dense
forest and unmanaged.
Betora (BT): This series consists of very deep, well drained with moderately rapid
permeability, brown, fine textured soils developed over granite landscape on 3-10%
slope of pediments. These soils are under forest and unmanaged.
Bhati (BH): This series consists of deep, well drained with moderately rapid
permeability, dark brown, clayey skeletal soils developed over granite landscape on 5-
15% slope of foot hill slope. These soils are under medium forest unmanaged.
Bombad (BB): This series consists of moderately deep, moderately well drained with
moderately rapid permeability, dark brown, fine loamy soils developed over granite
landscape on 3-10% slope of pediments. These soils are under forest and unmanaged.
Britova (BR): This series consists of very deep, moderately well drained with
moderately permeability, dark reddish brown, clayey skeletal soils developed over
laterite landscape on 15-25% slope of undifferentiated hill side. These soils are under
open scrub and unmanaged.
Charavale (CL): This series consists of deep, moderately well drained with moderately
permeability, yellow colour, fine soils developed over schist landscape on 1-5% slope of
lower pediplains. These soils are under cultivation with partially managed.
Chorla (CH): This series consists of very deep, moderately well drained with
moderately rapid permeability, strong brown, fine textured soils developed over basalt
landscape on 25-33% slope of hill side. These soils are under forest with unmanaged.
Curchorem (CH): This series consists of very deep, moderately well drained with
moderately rapid permeability, dark reddish brown colour, fine textured soils developed
over granite landscape on 25-50% slope of hill side slope. These soils are under forest
and are unmanaged.
Derode (DR): This series consists of very deep, moderately well to well drained with
moderately permeability, brown colour, clayey skeletal textured soils developed over
quartzite landscape on 15-25% slope of hill side. These soils are under forest with
unmanaged.
Diyanv (DY): This series consists of very deep, moderately well to well drained with
moderately permeability, brown colour, clayey skeletal soils developed over schist
landscape on 10-25% slope of hill side. These soils are under cultivation with well
managed.
Donga (D): This series consists of deep, moderately well to well drained with
moderately permeability, brown colour, coarse loamy textured soils developed over
granite landscape on 1-5% slope of foot hill slope. These soils are under open scrub with
unmanaged.
48
Fatarde (F): This series consists of very deep, well drained with moderately well
permeability, dark yellowish brown, sandy textured soils developed over coastal
alluvium on 0-1% slope of coastal alluvial plains. These soils are under cultivation with
well managed.
Girin (GR): This series consists of very deep, moderately well to well drained with
moderately permeability, grayish brown, coarse loamy textured soils developed over
alluvium on 0-1% slope of stream banks. These soils are under open scrub / cultivation
with unmanaged.
Gudi (G): This series consists of deep, moderately well drained with moderately
permeability, dark yellowish brown, coarse loamy soils developed over granite landscape
on 25-33% slope of hill side. These soils are under open scrub and are unmanaged.
Gulle (GL): This series consists of deep, moderately well to well drained with
moderately permeability, brown colour, fine silty soils developed over schist landscape
on 15-25% slope of hill side. These soils are under forest and are unmanaged.
Ivre Khurd (I): This series consists of very deep, moderately well to well drained with
moderately permeability, brown colour, coarse silty soils developed over basalt
landscape on 25-33% slope of hill side. These soils are under forest and are unmanaged.
Keri (K): This series consists of very deep, moderately well to well drained with
moderately permeability, brown colour, clayey skeletal textured soils developed over
schist landscape on 3-10% slope of foot hill slope. These soils are under plantation and
are unmanaged.
Khajahawada (KW): This series consists of deep, moderately well to well drained
with moderately permeability, dark yellowish brown colour, clayey skeletal textured
soils developed over laterite landscape on 5-20% slope of subdued hill. These soils are
under open scrub and are unmanaged.
Kharri (KR): This series consists of very deep, moderately well to well drained with
moderately permeability, brown colour, fine soils developed over granite landscape on 1-
5% slope of foot hill side. These soils are under forest and are unmanaged.
Khodiye (KH): This series consists of deep, moderately well to well drained with
moderately permeability, strong brown colour, clayey skeletal textured soils developed
over schist landscape on 5-15% slope of subdued hills slope. These soils are under forest
and are unmanaged
Kodal (KO): This series consists of very deep, moderately well to well drained with
moderately permeability, brown colour, clayey skeletal textured soils developed over
quartzite landscape on 5-20% slope of subdued hill. These soils are under forest and are
unmanaged
49
Kodar (KD): This series consists of very deep, moderately well to well drained with
moderately permeability, yellowish red colour, fine soils developed over granite
landscape on 25-33% slope of hill side. These soils are under forest and are unmanaged.
Kalval (KV): This series consists of deep, moderately well to well drained with
moderately permeability, dark reddish brown colour, fine soils developed over laterite
landscape on 1-5% slope of narrow hill valleys. These soils are under open scrub and are
unmanaged.
Kukeli (KL): This series consists of very deep, moderately well to well drained with
moderately permeability, dark reddish brown colour, clayey skeletal textured soils
developed over laterite landscape on 3-10% slope of foot hill side. These soils are under
plantation and are unmanaged
Kundal (KN): This series consists of deep, moderately well to well drained with
moderately permeability, dark reddish brown colour, loamy skeletal soils developed over
lagterite landscape on 3-10% slope of foot hill. These soils are under plantation and are
unmanaged
Kuntal (KT): This series consists of very deep, moderately well to well drained with
moderately permeability, dark brown colour, fine loamy textured soils developed over
granite landscape on 0-5% slope of narrow hill valley. These soils are under forest and
are unmanaged.
Kup (KP): This series consists of deep, moderately well drained with moderately
permeability, strong brown colour, clayey skeletal textured soils developed over schist
landscape on 10-25% slope of pediments. These soils are under open scrub with
unmanaged.
Madkai (MK): This series consists of very shallow, well drained with rapid
permeability, dark brown colour, sandy skeletal soils developed over laterite landscape
on 1-5% slope of hill crust. These soils are under pasture land and are unmanaged
Mandvi (MD): This series consists of very deep, moderately drained with moderately
permeability, reddish brown colour, fine loamy textured soils developed over alluvium
on 1-3% slope of stream banks. These soils are under open scrub and cultivated with
well managed.
Manvi (MN): This series consists of deep, moderately well drained with moderately
permeability, strong brown colour, clayey textured soils developed over schist landscape
on 3-10% slope of subdued hill. These soils are under cultivation and are unmanaged.
Model (M): This series consists of shallow, well drained with moderately permeability,
dark brown colour, sandy skeletal soils developed over laterite landscape on 1-5% slope
of narrow hill valleys. These soils are under pasture land and are unmanaged.
Nagre (N): This series consists of deep, moderately well to well drained with
moderately permeability, light brown colour, loamy skeletal textured soils developed
50
over schist landscape on 3-10% slope of subdued hill. These soils are under forest and
are unmanaged.
Ponda (P): This series consists of very deep, moderately well to well drained with
moderately permeability, brown colour, clayey skeletal textured soils developed over
granite landscape on 5-15% slope of hillocks. These soils are under plantation and are
unmanaged.
Sannogal (SG): This series consists of shallow, moderately well to well drained with
moderately permeability, dark brown colour, loamy skeletal soils developed over laterite
landscape on 5-25% slope of subdue hill. These soils are under open scrub and are
unmanaged.
Sarjhora (S): This series consists of moderately deep, moderately well to well drained
with moderately permeability, dark yellowish brown colour, coarse loamy textured soils
developed over granite landscape on 1-5% slope of hill side slope. These soils are under
cultivation and are unmanaged.
Satre (SR): This series consists of very deep, moderately well to well drained with
moderately permeability, dark yellowish brown colour, loamy skeletal textured soils
developed over quartzite landscape on 0-5% slope of narrow hill valley. These soils are
under forest and are unmanaged.
Sauntawada (ST): This series consists of very deep, poorly to imperfect drained with
slow permeability, dark yellowish brown colour, fine loamy soils developed over granite
landscape on 1-5% slope of plateau. These soils are under poor cultivation and are
unmanaged.
Shrival (SH): This series consists of deep, moderately well to well drained with
moderately permeability, dark yellowish brown colour, fine soils developed over laterite
landscape on 5-10% slope of pediments. These soils are under cultivation and are
unmanaged.
Valpoy (VP): This series consists of deep, moderately well to well drained with
moderately permeability, yellowish brown colour, fine textured soils dev eloped over
schist landscape on 25-33% slope of hill side. These soils are under plantation and are
unmanaged.
Velge (V): This series consists of deep, moderately well drained with moderately
permeability, dark reddish brown colour, clayey skeletal soils developed over laterite
landscape on 25-33% slope of hill side. These soils are under pasture and are
unmanaged.
Veluz (VL): This series consists of very deep, moderately well to well drained with
moderately permeability, brown colour, fine loamy textured soils developed over schist
landscape on 0-5% slope of narrow hill valley. These soils are under cultivation and are
unmanaged.
51
Waddem (W): This series consists of very deep, moderately well to well drained with
moderately permeability, dusky red colour, fine textured soils developed over laterite
landscape on 0-3% slope of foot hill. These soils are under cultivation and are
unmanaged.
Interpretative Grouping of Soils
S.
No.
Soil Mapping
Unit
Land Capability
Class
Soil
Irrigability
Class
Land
Irrigability
Class
Hydrologic
Soil Group
1. Alb2a1 IIw A 2 B
2. Alg2a1 IIw A 2 B
3. Alg2c1 IIw A 2 B
4. BAn6c1 VIIes E 6 C
5. BAn8c1 VIIes E 6 D
6. BAn8d1 VIIes E 6 D
7. CAl1a1 IIw A 2 B
8. CAl1c1 IIw A 2 B
9. CAl1d1 IIw A 2 B
10. GGn8c1 VIIes E 6 D
11. GGr5c1 VIIe E 6 C
12. GGu3a1 IVe B 2 B
13. GRi3a1 IVe B 2 B
14. GRi3b1 IVe B 2 C
15. GRi4d1 Ve C 3 C
16. GRi5c1 VIe C 3 C
17. GRn6a1 VIe C 4 C
18. GRn6b1 VIIes E 6 C
19. GRn6c1 VIIes E 6 C
20. GRn6d1 VIIes E 6 C
21. GRn8a1 VIIes E 6 C
22. GRn8b1 VIIes E 6 D
23. GRn8c1 VIIes E 6 D
24. GRn8d1 VIIes E 6 D
25. GRo3a1 IVe B 2 C
26. GRo3b1 IVe B 2 C
27. GRo5c1 IVe C 3 C
28. GRp3a1 IIe B 2 B
29. GRp3b1 IIIe C 3 C
52
S.
No.
Soil Mapping
Unit
Land Capability
Class
Soil
Irrigability
Class
Land
Irrigability
Class
Hydrologic
Soil Group
30. GRp3c1 IIIe C 3 C
31. GRr3c1 IVe C 3 C
32. GRr5a1 VIe C 3 C
33. GRu4a1 IVe C 3 B
34. GRu4b1 Ve C 3 C
35. GRu4c1 VIe C 3 C
36. GRu4d1 Ve C 3 C
37. LAi3a1 IVe C 3 C
38. LAi3b1 IVe C 3 C
39. LAi3c1 IVe C 3 C
40. LAi3d1 IVe C 3 C
41. LAn6a1 VIe C 4 C
42. LAn6b1 VIIes E 6 C
43. LAn6c1 VIIes E 6 C
44. LAn6d1 VIIes E 6 C
45. LAn8a1 VIIes D 4 C
46. LAn8b1 VIIes E 6 D
47. LAn8c1 VIIes E 6 D
48. LAn8d1 VIIes E 6 D
49. LAo2a1 IIIe B 2 B
50. LAo4a1 IVe C 3 C
51. LAo4b1 Ve C 3 C
52. LAo4c1 Ve C 3 C
53. LAo4d1 Ve C 3 C
54. LAp3a1 IIe A 2 B
55. LAp3b1 IIIe B 2 C
56. LAr5a1 Ve C 3 C
57. LAr5b1 Ve C 3 C
58. LAr5c1 VIe C 3 C
59. LAu4a1 Ve C 3 B
60. LAu4b1 VIe C 3 C
61. LAu4c1 VIe C 3 C
62. LAu4d1 VIe C 3 C
63. QZn6a1 VIe C 3 C
64. QZn6c1 VIIe D 4 C
53
S.
No.
Soil Mapping
Unit
Land Capability
Class
Soil
Irrigability
Class
Land
Irrigability
Class
Hydrologic
Soil Group
65. QZn6d1 VIIes E 6 D
66. QZr5c1 VIe C 3 C
67. QZr8c1 VIIe D 4 D
68. SCn6a1 VIe C 4 C
69. SCn6b1 VIIes E 6 C
70. SCn6c1 VIIes E 6 C
71. SCn8b1 VIIes E 6 D
72. SCn8c1 VIIes E 6 D
73. SCn8d1 VIIes E 6 D
74. SCo4c1 VIe C 3 C
75. SCp3a1 IIe A 2 B
76. SCp3c1 IIIe B 2 C
77. SCr5a1 Ve C 3 C
78. SCr5c1 VIe C 3 C
79. SCw3a1 IIe A 2 B
80. SCw3b1 IIe A 2 B
81. SCw3c1 IIIe C 3 C
Report No. SRM-7: Report on Soil Resource Mapping of Siwan district, Bihar state.
The report covers an area of 2,21,900 ha. Geographically the area lies between 84° 0′ 48″ to
84° 47′ 23″ East Longitude and 25° 53′ 13″ to 26° 22′ 04″ North Latitude covered by Survey
of India toposheet Nos. 72B/3, 4, 7, 8, 11, 12, 16 & 72C/1.
Physiographically, the surveyed area is a part of North Bihar Indo-Gangetic plain situated at
an elevation of 50-70 m above msl. The entire district is a flat plain with slope less than 3%
except some parts of stream banks and levees where slope varies up to 5% paleo-channels
and ox-bow lakes are form at places. The general slope is from north to south towards river
Ghaghra.
Geologically, The soils are derived from Indo-Gangetic alluvial. There are two types of
alluvium viz. old alluvium and recent alluvium. In old alluvium nodular segregation of
calcium carbonates known as “kankar” is formed which is used largely as road materials. The
soils vary from heavy clay formed in low swampy area to silty loam in upland. The clay are
locally known as “Bangar” while the upland silt loam to silty clay loam soils are designated
as “Bhatha”. Alluvium of sub recent to recent origin comprising coarser sediments were
deposited by fluvial action of river.
54
Climatically, the area falls in the middle Gangetic plain Agro climatic zone as per Planning
Comission. The district is characterized as tropical to sub-tropical sub humid climatic zone
with three distinct season viz. summer, winter and monsoon. The annual average rainfall
precipitation is 1,012 mm. The annual temperature ranges from a mean monthly maximum
temperature of 35.6 °C to are mean minimum temperature of 9.1 °C. The mean summer and
mean winter temperature are 29.8 °C and 16.5 °C respectively. Since the difference between
mean summer and mean winter temperature is more than 6 °C and mean annual temperature
is 25.2° C, the temperature regime of the area is classified as “hyperthermic”.
Agriculture is the main source of livelihood for the people of the area. Nearly 75 of the
population depend on agriculture and the remaining are either engaged in business or service
or other petty jobs. Paddy, wheat, maize and sugarcane are the common crops grown
extensively. However millets, oilseeds, legumes, pulses and vegetables are also taken in small
area.
Twenty soils series have been identified in the survey area. A brief description of individual
soil series are as follows.
Ageyan (AG): This series consists of very deep, poorly to imperfectly drained with
moderately slow permeability, dark gray to olive, fine loamy soils developed over
alluvium on nearly level alluvial plains. These soils are under cultivation with none to
slight erosion and well managed.
Babhnauli (BN): This series consists of very deep, imperfectly drained with
moderately slow permeability, olive brown to light olive brown, fine loamy soils
developed over alluvium on nearly level alluvial plains. These soils are cultivated to
paddy and wheat with none to slight erosion and well managed.
Barkagaon (BG): This series consists of very deep, poorly drained with slow
permeability, dark gray to olive brown, fine loamy soils developed over alluvium on
nearly level alluvial plains. These soils are under cultivation to paddy and wheat with
none to slight erosion and well managed.
Bhantapokhar (BP): This series consists of very deep, poorly to imperfectly drained
and slow permeability, dark grayish brown to light olive brown, fine soils, developed
over alluvium on nearly level alluvial plains. These soils are cultivated to paddy and
wheat with none to slight erosion and well managed.
Gayaspur (GP): This series consists of very deep, well drained and rapid permeability,
light brownish gray to olive brown, coarse loamy soils, developed over alluvium on very
gently to gently sloping levees. These soils are under cultivation to wheat and maize with
slight to moderate erosion and moderately managed.
Hilsar (V): This series consists of very deep, moderately well drained with moderately
rapid permeability, dark grayish brown to light olive brown, coarse loamy soils
developed over alluvium on nearly level to very gently sloping alluvial plains. These
55
soils are under orchard plantation like mango and litchi with slight to moderate erosion
and moderately managed.
Jhunapur (JP): This series consists of very deep, moderately well drained with
moderate permeability, olive brown to light olive brown, coarse loamy soils developed
over alluvium on nearly level to very gently sloping alluvial plains.
Jurkan (JK): This series consists of very deep, imperfectly drained with moderately
slow permeability, dark grayish brown to light olive brown, fine loamy soils developed
over alluvium on nearly level alluvial plains. These soils are under cultivation to paddy
and wheat with none to slight erosion and well managed.
Mahadewa (MD): This series consists of very deep, imperfectly drained with
moderately slow permeability, olive brown to light olive brown, coarse loamy soils
developed over alluvium on very gently to gently sloping stream bank. These soils are
under cultivation with moderate to severe erosion and poorly managed.
Mohadipur (MP): This series consists of very deep, poorly drained with slow
permeability, olive brown to light olive brown, fine loamy soils developed over alluvium
on nearly level alluvial plains. These soils are under cultivation to wheat and paddy with
none to slight erosion and well managed.
Munra (MR): This series consists of very deep, moderately well drained with
moderately rapid permeability, grayish brown to light olive brown, coarse loamy soils
developed over alluvium on nearly level to very gently sloping alluvial plains. These
soils are under cultivation like maize, wheat, paddy, mustard etc. with none to slight
erosion and well managed.
Nautan (NT): This series consists of very deep, well drained with rapid permeability,
light olive brown to light yellowish brown, coarse loamy soils developed over alluvium
on nearly level to very gently sloping alluvial plains. These soils are under cultivation to
wheat, maize and vegetables with none to slight erosion and well managed.
Pachbenia (PB): This series consists of very deep, imperfectly drained with
moderately slow permeability, olive brown to light olive brown, coarse loamy soils
developed over alluvium on very gently to gently sloping levees. These soils are under
cultivation to wheat, maize and pulses etc. with slight to moderate erosion and
moderately well managed.
Puraina (PR): This series consists of very deep, moderately well drained with
moderate permeability, olive brown to light olive brown, coarse loamy soils developed
over alluvium on nearly level to very gently sloping alluvial plains. These soils are under
cultivation to paddy and wheat with none to slight erosion and well managed.
Ramnagar (RN): This series consists of very deep, imperfectly to moderately well
drained with moderate permeability, dark grayish brown to light yellowish brown, fine
loamy soils developed over alluvium on nearly level to very gently sloping alluvial
56
plains. These soils are under cultivation to wheat, maize and paddy etc. with none to
slight erosion and well managed.
Rasulpur (RP): This series consists of very deep, moderately well to well drained with
moderately rapid permeability, olive gray to light yellowish brown, coarse loamy soils
developed over alluvium on nearly level alluvial plains. These soils are under cultivation
to paddy and wheat with none to slight erosion and well managed.
Saraya (SR): This series consists of very deep, imperfectly drained with moderately
slow permeability, olive brown to light olive brown, fine loamy soils developed over
alluvium on nearly level alluvial plains. These soils are under cultivation to wheat and
paddy with none to slight erosion and well managed.
Siswa (SW): This series consists of very deep, imperfectly to moderately well drained
with moderate permeability, dark gray to light olive brown, fine loamy soils developed
over alluvium on nearly level to very gently sloping alluvial plains. These soils are under
cultivation to wheat and paddy with none to slight erosion and well managed.
Thepha (TP): This series consists of deep, poorly to imperfectly drained with
moderately slow permeability, gray to light brownish gray, fine loamy soils developed
over alluvium on very gently to gently sloping channel beds. These soils are under
cultivation to paddy, sugarcane and other rabi crops with moderate to severe erosion and
poorly managed.
Trikalpur (TK): This series consists of very deep, well drained with moderately rapid
permeability, light brownish gray to light olive brown, coarse loamy soils developed
over alluvium on very gently to gently sloping levees. These soils are under cultivation
to wheat, maize, vegetables and watermelon etc. with slight to moderate erosion and
moderately managed.
Interpretative Grouping of Soils
S.
No.
Soil Mapping
Unit
Land Capability
Class
Soil
Irrigability
Class
Land
Irrigability
Class
Hydrologic
Soil Group
1. Alb1a1 II B 2 B
2. Alb1a2 II B 2 B
3. Alb1a3 II B 2 C
4. Alb2a1 II B 2 B
5. Alb2a2 II B 2 B
6. Alb2a3 II C 2 B
7. Alb2a4 II C 2 B
8. Alb2b1 II C 2 B
9. Ale3a1 III C 3 B
10. ALg3a1 IV C 3 C
57
Impact Evaluation of Watershed Development Programme in Shifting
Cultivation areas of North Eastern States using Remote Sensing and GIS
Techniques - A case study of Kohima District, Nagaland
A project for Impact Evaluation of Watershed Development Programme on Shifting
Cultivation (Jhum) in of Seven Districts of North Eastern States using Remote Sensing and
GIS Techniques was initiated in the year 2010 by the Division of Natural Resource
Management, Ministry of Agriculture, Govt. of India and the work was undertaken by SLUSI
during 2010 and the work was undertaken by Soil & Land Use Survey of India during 2010.
The study has been carried out on jhooming over aperiod of ten years (200-2009)
Mapping of Jhum Land: Separation of current and abandoned jhumland based on
unsupervised classification is done and then have been delineated and symboliged as per
standard legend followed by ground verification and supervised classification
The recent study has revealed that Kohima district in the year 2000 had about 19831 ha
(6.00%) of land under Current Jhum and 26261ha (7.95%) land remains Abandoned after
Jhum. But in the year 2005, the area under Current and Abandoned Jhum are 16268 ha
(4.92%) and 37579ha (11.37%) and in 2009 is 11373ha (3.4%) and 54468ha (16.5%)
respectively which proves that practice of shifting cultivation reduces with time. Similarly
permanent cultivation increases from 9021ha (2.73%) in the year 2000 to 15323 ha ( 4.64%)
in the year 2005 and further reaching a figure of 22749ha (6.9%) in the year 2009.Normal
forest decreases from 271834 ha (82.24%) in 2000 to 236464 ( 71.5%) in 2009. In 2005
normal forest accounts for 257226 ha (77.82%).Habitation spreads up from 3583ha (1.08%)
in 2000 to 5476 ha (1.7%) in 2009 which is depicted in table 1. Young abandoned jhum up to
three years old on imagery appeared as greenish gray to bluish gray with light red mottles and
light red to pinkish red with medium to coarse texture. They are irregular and varying in size
and shape and are found everywhere in jhum affected area. Depending on the vegetation type
before cultivating the land, young abandoned jhum may have large number of young bamboo
shoots, tree seedling and sapling.
In the district, the trend in decrease in current jhuming and subsequent increase in permanent
cultivation indicates that good soil conservation and land management measures might have
been taken and / or peoples adaptation for permanent cultivation have been made during the
years.
Jhum Land in Kohima District, Nagaland from 2000- 2009 (4-5 years interval) (Area in ha)
Land Use 2000 2005 2009
Area % Area % Area %
Shifting Cultivation
Current Jhum 19,831 6.00 16,268 4.92 11,373 3.4
Abandoned Jhum 26,261 7.95 37,579 11.37 54,468 16.5
Sub total 46,092 13.95 53,847 16.29 65,841 19.9
58
Land Use 2000 2005 2009
Area % Area % Area %
Others
Permanent Agriculture 9,021 2.73 15,323 4.64 22,749 6.9
Normal Forest 271,834 82.24 2,57,226 77.82 2,36,464 71.5
Habitation/ Misc. 3,583 1.08 4,134 1.25 5,476 1.7
Sub total 2,84,438 86.05 2,76,683 83.71 2,64,689 80.1
Grand Total 3,30,530 100 3,30,530 100 3,30,530 100
Study of Vegetative Index: To evaluate the impact vegetation index over a time span of 10
years, Normalized Differential Vegetative Index (NDVI) and Change detection analysis
(2000 to 2009) using NIR band were created. The impact of watershed development is
reflected in terms of overall change in biomass from Normalized Differential Vegetative
Index (NDVI).
Distribution of Biomass Status of Kohima District during 2000-2009 (Area in ha)
Biomass Status 2000 2005 2009
Area % Area % Area %
Very Low 407 0.12 12,214 3.7 4,149 1.26
Low 20,696 6.26 2,43,395 73.6 2,36,159 71.45
Medium 2,59,325 78.46 64,675 19.6 81,839 24.76
High 47,160 14.27 10,125 3.06 8,318 2.52
Very High 2,942 0.89 121 0.04 65 0.02
Total 3,30,530 100 3,30,530 100 2,10,066 100
IRS-1C 12.12.2000 IRS-1D 29.12.2005 IRS-P6 14.11.2009
Basic Data - IRS FCC
59
Change Detection Analysis: An attempt has also been made to assess the impact of
watershed development on shifting cultivation areas by change detection study (with Near
Infra Red band) reflecting pixel to pixel difference over 10 years time span. Pixel which has
NIR value of minimum 20% more or less from the corresponding value of the reference year
is represented as increased (green) or decreased (red) in Biomass content respectively .As the
forest vegetation decreases and permanent cultivation increases the overall biomass
decreases. Change detection analysis through a period of ten years (2000, 2005 & 2009) was
done using near infrared (NIR) band.
Change Detection Analysis (using NDVI): Change detection analysis has also been done
using NDVI to evaluate the overall impact of vegetation index over a time span of 10 years.
Conclusion: Decrease in current jhum area and increase in permanent cultivation during the
ten years span clearly indicate that good soil conservation and land management measures
might have been taken and / or peoples adaptation for permanent cultivation have been
increased.
Similar observation has also been noticed from NDVI and change detection analysis.
However, analysis with high resolution satellite data will definitely provide better accuracy
on the above findings.
Basic Data Data Source Secondary Data
IRS LISS-III Image
Rectified Image
Land Use/ Land Cover Area Estimation
Periodic IRS LISS-III Data Set
Un-supervised Classification
Ground Verification
Supervised Classification
Change Detection
Biomass Content
Geo-rectified Digital Toposheet
NDVI
Final Assessment
Report Flow Chart for Methodology
60
Land Use/Land Cover
(2000)
Area
(ha)
%
Current Jhum 19,831 6.0
Abandoned Jhum 26,261 8.0
Permanent Agriculture 9,021 2.7
Forest 2,71,834 82.2
Habitation 3,583 1.1
Total 3,30,530 100.0
Land Use/Land Cover
(2000)
Area
(ha)
%
Current Jhum 11,373 3.4
Abandoned Jhum 54,468 16.5
Permanent Agriculture 22,749 6.9
Forest 2,36,464 71.5
Habitation 5,476 1.7
Total 3,30,530 100.0
Land Use/Land Cover
(2000)
Area
(ha)
%
Current Jhum 16,268 4.9
Abandoned Jhum 37,479 11.4
Permanent Agriculture 15,323 4.6
Forest 2,57,226 77.8
Habitation 4,134 1.3
Total 3,30,530 100.0
Supervised Classification of Kohima, Nagaland
IRS-1C 12.12.2000
IRS-1D 29.12.2005
IRS-P6 14.11.2009
61
Class Area (ha)
Very Low 407
Low 20,696
Medium 2,59,325
High 47,160
Very High 2,942
Total 3,30,530
Class Area (ha)
Very Low 4,149
Low 236,159
Medium 81,839
High 8,318
Very High 65
Total 3,30,530
Class Area (ha)
Very Low 12,214
Low 2,43,395
Medium 64,675
High 10,125
Very High 121
Total 3,30,530
IRS-1C 12.12.2000
IRS-1D 29.12.2005
IRS-P6 14.11.2009
Normalized Difference Vegetative Index (NDVI)
62
Change Class Area (ha)
Decrease 20,892
Increase 2,909
Unchanged 3,06,729
Total 3,30,530
Change Class Area (ha)
Decrease 41,582
Increase 1,088
Unchanged 2,87,860
Total 3,30,530
Change Detection of Biomass using Original Image (Band: NIR)
2000 – 2005
2005 – 2009
2000 – 2009
Change Class Area (ha)
Decrease 260,437
Increase 420
Unchanged 61,673
Total 3,30,530
63
Change Class Area (ha)
Decrease 2,68,437
Increase 420
Unchanged 61,673
Total 3,30,530
Change Class Area (ha)
Decrease 1,71,728
Increase 763
Unchanged 1,58,039
Total 3,30,530
Change Class Area (ha)
Decrease 1,20,013
Increase 3,703
Unchanged 2,06,814
Total 3,30,530
Change Detection of Biomass using NDVI
2000 – 2005
2005 – 2009
2000 – 2009
64
Soil and Land Use Survey Website (http://slusi.dacnet.nic.in)
Soil and Land Use Survey of India website is hosted by NIC and redesigned in the
year 2010 with the latest information to make it more interactive to the stakeholders and
users. The website has two sections.
General Information: The header menu contains general information about SLUSI such as
About Us, Centres, Activities, Organization Chart, Mandate, RTI Act, Contact us, etc.
Technical Information: This section provides information on the following.
Surveys and Reports: The left menu section provides information on various types
Surveys i.e. Rapid Reconnaissance Survey (RRS), Detail Soil Survey (DSS), Land
Degradation Mapping (LDM), Soil Resource Mapping (SRM). Survey Status Maps
and abstracts of published reports of these surveys available for ready reference of
stakeholders are available on the website which is very useful to the stakeholders. The
users may also browse different bulletins, annual reports, latest new of SLUSI, etc.
Digital Watershed Atlas of India: The Watershed Atlas of India published by Soil
and Land Use Survey of India has now been brought under digital environment using
GIS and RDBMS by the organization as step towards development of Spatial
Database not only to serve the country in a sustained manner but to disseminate the
information on line, to the users through information technology. The digital atlas is
going to be the backbone of many future information systems and applications.
Platform free Microwatershed Atlas of India: Recognizing the need of
dissemination of soil survey information through modern technology, SLUSI has set
up the infrastructure for Information Communication Technology (ICT) to host GIS
based Web Services for the benefit of the users dealing with natural resources
management. SLUSI has contemplated to generate digital spatial database for easy
and hassle-free dissemination to the main stakeholder and provides watershed based
soil and land information.
Information on Training and Consultancy: Two weeks training on soil and land
resource inventory for integrated watershed development is organized bi-annually for
the officers of State Governments and other user departments. Training details are
updated from time to time on the website. Since 1994, the organization initiated
consultancy project in the field of soil and land resource mapping for watershed
management. The expertise of the SLUSI in the consultancy project is also provided
on the website.
Soil and Land Use Information System for G2G Services: As a part of E-
Government services, the SLUSI is providing Soil and Land Use Information System
under Government to Government (G2G) services. So that other government
departments can share this information. It is GIS based information on various Soil
Surveys such as RRS, DSS, LDM and SRM. The users have to register with the
website in order to access this information, for more information in this regard they
may contact, CSSO, SLUSI.
65
Screen shot of Soil and Land Use Information System for G2G Services
Screen shot of Website of SLUSI
66
6. Participation in Seminar, Symposium and Conference
1. 11th
ESRI India User Conference “GIS: Designing our Future” held at Radison Hotel,
Noida on 21st and 22
nd April, 2010. The conference was attended by:
1. Dr. S. N. Das, Chief Soil Survey Officer
2. Dr. A. K. Barman, Soil Survey Officer, Regional Centre (North)
3. Sh. S. Oraon, Cartographic Officer, Regional Centre (North)
4. Sh. R. K. Sharma, Asstt. Soil Survey Officer, HQ
5. Dr. S. Saha, Asstt. Field Officer, Remote Sensing Centre
6. Dr. A. K. Yadav, Asstt. Field Officer, Remote Sensing Centre
7. Sh. B. C. Chafle, Asstt. Field Officer, Remote Sensing Centre
2. One day seminar on ESRI India’s Geo Vision held on 12th
November, 2010 at Hotel
Hyatt Regency, New Delhi organized by NIIT GIS Ltd. Participated by Dr. S. N. Das,
Chief Soil Survey Officer.
3. Workshop on “AGRO TECH 2010” Agro Tech, “India’s Premier Biennial Agro
Technology & Business Fair” organized by CIT at Chandigarh during 3rd
6th
December, 2010. The following officers participated in the this event.
1. Dr. V. Ranga Rao, Computer Programmer
2. Dr. A. K. Ydav, Asstt. Field Officer
3. Sh. D. S. Sehmi, Jr. Cartographic Asstt.
4. Regional Workshop on Water Availability and Management in Punjab (WAMIP-
2010) during December 13th
to 15th
, 2010 participated by
1. Dr. A. K. Barman, Soil Survey Officer Regional Centre (North)
2. Sh. N. Gahold, Field Officer, Remote Sensing Centre (HQ)
3. Sh. B.C. Chafle, Asstt. Field Officer, Remote Sensing Centre (HQ)
4. Smt. M. S. Selvi, Field Asstt. Remote Sensing Centre (HQ)
5. Geospatial World Forum 2011 held on 18th
to 21st January, 2011 at Hyderabad. The
following officers participated in exhibiting the GIS applications in the field of soil
survey and land resource mapping.
1. Sh. R. K. Sharma, Asstt. Soil Survey Officer, HQ
2. Sh. Pradip Jha, Asstt. Soil Survey Officer, Hyderabad
3. Sh. S. D. Dhargawe, Field Officer, Remote Sensing Centre
6. 16th
Annual Convention and National Symposium on application of Clay Science in
Agriculture, Environment and Industry held during 18th
to 19th
February, 2011 at
Nagpur. Following officers participated in the conference.
1. Dr. S.G. Ghatol, Soil Survey Officer, Nagpur
2. Sh. Pradip Jha, Asstt. Soil Survey Officer, Hyderabad.
67
Training organized by SLUSI
1. 14th
Short Course Training on programme “Soil and Land Resource Mapping for the
IWMP Projects Officials” at Vadodra, Gujarat during 10th
to 14th
May, 2010. The
following officers impetrated the training.
1. Dr. S. N. Das, Chief Soil Survey Officer
2. Dr. T. K. Deb, Soil Survey Officer
3. Shri R. L. Meena, Soil Survey Officer
4. Sh. R. K. Sharma, Asstt. Soil Survey Officer
5. Dr. Saumen Saha, Asstt. Field Officer
6. Shri Sanjay Kumar, Photographic Assistant
2. 15th
Short Course Training on programme “Soil and Land Resource Mapping for the
IWMP Projects Officials” at Rajkot, Gujarat during 24th
to 28th
May, 2010. The
following officers impetrated the training.
1. Dr. S.N. Das, Chief Soil Survey Officer
2. Dr. A. K. Barman, Soil Survey Officer
3. Sh. R. L. Meena, Soil Survey Officer
4. Sh. R. K. Sharma, Asstt. Soil Survey Officer
5. Sh. Pankaj Laghate, Field Officer
3. 16th
Short Course Training programme on “Soil and Land Resources Data Base for
Integrated Watershed Management” held at Bangalore during 2nd
to 7th
August, 2010.
The following officers impetrated the training.
1. Dr. S. N. Das, Chief Soil Survey Officer
2. Dr. A. K. Mukhi, Soil Survey Officer
3. Dr. T. K. Deb, Soil Survey Officer
4. Sh. V. Venkateshwaran, Cartographic Officer
5. Sh. R. K. Sharma, Asstt. Soil Survey Officer
6. Dr. Saumen Saha, Asstt. Field Officer
4. 17th
Short Course Training on programme “Soil and Land Resources Data Base for
Integrated Watershed Development Planning” during January 10th to 15th, 2011 at
Aizawl, Mizoram. The following officers impetrated the training.
1. Sh. Subrata Nath, Director (NRM)
2. Dr. S. N. Das, Chief Soil Survey Officer
3. Dr. T. K. Deb, Soil Survey Officer
4. Dr. Amarnath Kanketkar, Cartographic Officer
5. Dr. S. Roy Chowdhury, Soil Survey Officer
6. Dr. Saumen Saha, Asstt. Soil Survey Officer
68
8. List of Officers in position during 2010-11
Centre Officers
Headquarter Office, New Delhi Dr. S. N. Das, Chief Soil Survey Officer
Sh. R. K. Sharma, Asstt. Soil Survey Officer
Remote Sensing Centre, Noida Dr. V. Ranga Rao, Computer Programmer
Sh. R. K. Sharma, Asstt. Soil Survey Officer
Dr. Saumen Saha, Asstt. Soil Survey Officer
Bangalore Centre Dr. A. K. Mukhi, Soil Survey Officer
Sh. R. L. Meena, Soil Survey Officer
Sh. V. Venkateshwaran, Cartographic Officer
Sh. Bhajan Lal, Asstt. Soil Survey Officer
Dr. Munish Kumar, Asstt. Soil Survey Officer
Kolkata Centre Dr. T. K. Deb, Soil Survey Officer
Dr. S. Rochowdhury, Asstt. Soil Survey Officer
Sh. N. C. Dutta, Asstt. Soil Survey Officer
Sh. A. Kanketkar, Cartographic Officer
Nagpur Centre Dr. S. G. Ghatol, Soil Survey Officer
Sh. Ravinder Kulkarni, Asstt. Soil Survey Officer
Sh. Pankaj Laghate, Asstt. Soil Survey Officer
Sh. K. Govindarajan, Cartographic Officer
RC (North) Noida Dr. A. K. Barman, Soil Survey Officer
Sh. G. S. Shantha Kumar, Asstt. Soil Survey Officer
Dr. M. A. Anantkumar, Asstt. Soil Survey Officer
Sh. S. Oraon, Cartographic Officer
Ahmedabad Centre Sh. R. L. Meena, Soil Survey Officer
Sh. Ravinder Kulkarni, Soil Survey Officer
Dr. B. S. Bawane, Asstt. Soil Survey Officer
Hyderabad Centre Sh. Dinesh Patel, Soil Survey Officer
Sh. Pradeep Jha, Asstt. Soil Survey Officer
Ranchi Centre Sh. Mahesh Chand, Soil Survey Officer
Dr. S. P. Singh, Asstt. Soil Survey Officer