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Dynamics and Space1.3 Space
Name_______________ Class ____
Physics
Content Level 4SCN 4-06aBy researching developments used to observe or explore space, I can illustrate how our knowledge of the universe has evolved over time.
SCN 4-16aI have carried out research into novel materials and can begin to explain the scientific basis of their properties and discuss the possible impacts they may have on society.
SCN 4-20aI have researched new developments in science and can explain how their current or future applications might impact on modern life.
SCN 4-20bHaving selected scientific themes of topical interest, I can critically analyse the issues, and use relevant information to develop an informed argument.
Content National 4Satellites
o The range of heights and functions of satellites in orbit around the earth, including geostationary and natural satellites.
o The dependence of period of orbit on height.
o The use of parabolic reflectors to send and receive signals.
o Use of the relationship between distance, speed and time applied to satellite communication.
o Range of applications of satellite including telecommunications; weather monitoring; the use of satellites in environmental monitoring.
o The use of satellites in developing our understanding of the global impact of mankind’s actions.
Cosmology
o Description of planet, moon, star, solar systems, exo-planet, galaxy and universe.
o Scale of the solar system and universe measured in light years.
o Space exploration and its impact on our understanding of the universe and planet Earth.
o Conditions required for an exo-planet to sustain life.
Dynamics and Space 5 2 Content Statements
Content National 5Space exploration
o Evidence to support current understanding of the universe from telescopes and space exploration.
o Impact of space exploration on our understanding of planet Earth, including use of satellites.
o The potential benefits of space exploration including associated technologies and the impact on everyday life.
o Risks and benefits associated with space exploration, including challenges of re-entry to a planet’s atmosphere.
Cosmology
o Use of the term ‘light year’ and conversion between light years and metres.
o Observable universe — description, origin and age of universe.
o The use of different parts of the electromagnetic spectrum in obtaining information about astronomical objects.
o Identification of continuous and line spectra.
o Use of spectral data for known elements, to identify the elements present in stars..
Dynamics and Space 5 3 Content statements
Learning Outcomes - CosmologyAt National 4 level, by the end of this section you should be able to:
Cosmology
q 1. List the risks and benefits associated with space exploration and challenges of re-entry to a planet’s atmosphere.
q 2. Describe the use of thermal protection systems to protect spacecraft on re-entry.
q 3. Provide descriptions of the following; planet, moon, star, solar systems, exo-planet, galaxy and universe.
q 4. State the scale of the solar system and universe measured in light years.
q 5. Describe the impact of space exploration on our understanding of the universe and planet Earth. Research developments used to observe or explore space and
illustrate how our knowledge of the universe has evolved over time.
q 6. Describe the conditions required for an exoplanet to sustain life.
Additionally, at National 5 level:
m 7. Describe the term ‘light year’ and use the conversion between light years and meters.
m 8. Provide a description of the observable universe and know the origin and age of the universe.
m 9. Describe the use of different parts of the electromagnetic spectrum in obtaining information about astronomical objects.
m10. Identify continuous and line spectra.m11. Identify elements present in stars from the use of spectral data for
known elements.
Dynamics and Space 4/5 4 Learning outcomes- Cosmology
Planets and Moons
Stars – what are they?
Dynamics and Space 4 5 Cosmology
s
Our Solar System
Dynamics and Space 4 6 Cosmology
Booklet 3 – P 10 Q 1 – 10, P 12 Q 1 - 8
Definition of a light year
Light year Equivalent in Metres
Distances in Space
Dynamics and Space 4 7 Cosmology
Calculate the distance in metres, that light travels in one year. The speed of light in vacuum is 300 000 000m/s..
Booklet 3 – P 7 Q 1 – 20, P 9 Q 1 - 18
Our Milky Way and other Galaxies
Exoplanets and Life Beyond Our Solar System
The Age of the Universe
Dynamics and Space 4 8 Cosmology
Cosmologists estimate the age of the universe to be around 14 billion years, since the “Big Bang”.
Booklet 3 – P 7 Q 1 – 20, P 9 Q 1 - 18
The Observable Universe
How do we Explore Space?
Re-entry to atmosphere
Dynamics and Space 4 9 Cosmology
There are 3 main ways to explore space:
Learning Outcomes - SatellitesSatellites
q 1. Describe the range of heights and functions of satellites in orbit around the earth, including geostationary and natural satellites.
q 2. Describe the dependence of period of orbit on height.q 3. Describe the use of parabolic reflectors to send and receive
signals.q 4. Carry out calculations involving the relationship between distance,
speed and time applied to satellite communication.q 5. Describe the range of applications of satellites including
telecommunications; weather monitoring; the use of satellites in environmental monitoring.
q 6. Describe the use of satellites in developing our understanding of the global impact of mankind’s actions.
Dynamics and Space 4 10 Learning Outcomes -Satellites
Newton’s Thought Experiment
Dynamics and Space 4 11 Satellites
Newton’s Thought Experiment
Satellites
Uses of Satellites
Dynamics and Space 4 12 Satellites
Period of a Satellite
Geostationary Satellite
Satellite Transmitter
Satellite Receiver
Dynamics and Space 4 13 Satellites
Booklet 3 – P 28 Q 1 - 15
Intercontinental Communication Using Satellites
Dynamics and Space 4 14 Satellites
A B
Example 51
A satellite is at a height of 150km. If the signal travels at 300,000,000m/s, how long will it take for the signal to travel from one ground station to the other?
Example 50
In addition to the speed of the signals, what other quantity must be known to calculate distance?
Freefall and Weightlessness
Dynamics and Space 5 15 Newton’s Laws
Example 52
On Earth an astronaut has a weight of 550N. What is her weight in the Space Station?
Example 53
On Earth an astronaut has a weight of 550N. What is her mass in the Space Station?
Learning Outcomes - Space ExplorationSpace Exploration
m 1. List evidence that supports our current understanding of the universe from telescopes and space exploration.
m 2. Describe the impact of space exploration on our understanding of planet Earth, including the use of satellites.
m 3. Describe the potential benefits of space exploration including associated technologies and the impact on everyday life.
m 4. Describe the risks and benefits associated with space exploration, including challenges of re-entry to a planet’s atmosphere.
Dynamics and Space 5 16 Learning Outcomes - Space Exploration
Example 53
On Earth an astronaut has a weight of 550N. What is her mass in the Space Station?
Booklet 3 – P 13 Q 1 – 3, P 14 Q 1 - 5
Risks and Benefits of Space Exploration
Re-entry to atmosphere
Dynamics and Space 5 17 Space Exploration
Terminal Velocity/kg⁰)
Dynamics and Space 5 18 Space Exploration
The Electromagnetic Spectrum in Astronomy
high frequencylow frequency
gamma raysX-rays
ultra-violet rays
infrared rays
micro-w aves
TV & radio w aves
visible
useful in communication and heating
useful in medicine and industry
invisible invisible
long w avelength short w avelength
Dynamics and Space 5 19 Space Exploration
White light
When white light is passed through a prism it forms a spectral pattern
Telescopes
Dynamics and Space 5 20 Space Exploration
Objective Lens -
Eyepiece Lens –
Light tight tube –
R –
O -
Y -
G -
B –
I -
V -
Radio Telescopes
Radiations from Space
Dynamics and Space 5 21 Cosmology
Parkes Observatory, NSW, Australia
Very Large Array, New Mexico,
Booklet 3 – P 35 - 37
Radiation from Space
Dynamics and Space 5 22 Cosmology
Example 54
Some spectral lines of radiation from a distant star are shown below.
The spectral lines of a number of elements are also shown.
Use the spectral lines of the elements shown to identify which of these elements are present in the distant star.
Booklet 3 – Revision P 37 Q 1 - 6
Types of Radiation from Space
Dynamics and Space 5 23 Cosmology
