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Contact Information: Dr. Howard J. Singer, Chief Science and Technology Infusion Branch NOAA Space Environment Center 325 Broadway Boulder, CO 80305 303-497-6959 303-497-5388 [email protected]. Background: GOES Solar X-ray Image. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Contact Information:
Dr. Howard J. Singer, ChiefScience and Technology Infusion BranchNOAA Space Environment Center325 BroadwayBoulder, CO 80305
Background: GOES Solar X-ray Image
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Serving Society with GOES-R Solar and Space Environment Data
Outline:
• Crucial Role for Space Weather • Space Environment Monitor (SEM) Services• Instruments and Status• Vision for New Products and Services• Global Earth and Solar Space Environment Observations
Fourth GOES-R Users’ Conference Broomfield, COMay 2, 2006
H. J. Singer, S. Hill, T. Onsager, R. Viereck and D. BieseckerNOAA Space Environment Center
Background Photo: GOES Solar X-ray Image
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NOAA POES
NOAA GOES
NASA ACE
NASA SOHO
L1
Monitor, Measure and Specify:Data for Today’s Space
Weather
• ACE (NASA)– Solar wind speed, density,
temperature and energetic particles
– Magnetic field strength and direction
• SOHO (NASA)– Solar EUV Images– Solar Corona (CMEs)
• GOES (NOAA)– Energetic Particles– Magnetic Field– Solar X-ray Flux– Solar EUV Flux– Solar X-Ray Images
• POES (NOAA)– High Energy Particles– Total Energy Deposition– Solar UV Flux
• Ground Sites– Magnetometers (NOAA/USGS)– Thule Riometer and Neutron monitor
(USAF)– SOON Sites (USAF)– RSTN (USAF)– Telescopes and Magnetographs– Ionosondes (AF, ISES, …)– GPS (CORS)
GOES Measurements: Unique and Crucial
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Space Weather Scales
Three Categories: data they are based on and example users• Geomagnetic Storms (Ground-based magnetic field) Power Utilities, GPS Users, Spacecraft operations
• Solar Radiation Storms (GOES > 10 MeV particles) Astronaut Safety Airline Communication
• Radio Blackouts (GOES Solar X-rays) Airline and Maritime HF Comm.
Two of the threeSpace Weather Scales
depend on GOES http://sec.noaa.gov
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The advent of new long range aircraft such asthe A340-500/600, B777-300ER and B777-200LR
Aviation Growth…Aviation Growth…
Next 6 Years:
Airlines operating China-US routes go from 4 to 9
Number of weekly flights from 54 to 249
Next 12 Years:
1.8 million polar route passengers by 2018
United Airlines identified space weather as the #1 concern for polar flights
GOES
Solar Energetic Particles Monitored by GOES affect Polar Route Communications
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Space Environment In-Situ Suite (SEISS)• Energetic Particle Sensors monitor solar, galactic and in situ electron, proton, and alpha particle fluxes • Medium energy electrons and protons begin on GOES N• Low energy electrons and protons begin on GOES R• Heavy Ions begin on GOES-R• Completed formulation; implementation phase in source selection
Magnetometer (MAG)• Monitors Earth’s time-varying vector magnetic field• Included in spacecraft formulation
Solar Imaging Suite (SIS)• X-Ray Sensor (XRS) monitors whole-Sun x-ray brightness in two bands• Solar EUV Sensor (EUVS) to monitor whole-Sun EUV irradiance in five bands first on GOES N• Solar X-ray Imager (SXI) monitors solar flares, coronal holes, active regions… first on GOES 12• Formulation phase nearing completion• Coronagraph (SCOR) –GOES-R Pre-Planned Product Improvement (not yet manifested)
GOES Space Environment Monitor (SEM) Instrumentation Status
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The following viewgraphs provide a vision of proposed
“New Products to Serve Society in the GOES-R Era”
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Relativistic Electron Specification Throughout Inner Magnetosphere: >2 MeV Electron Flux
Current Product
One value at GOES-EastOne value at GOES-West
5 minute cadence
New Product
Utilize data and models to specify radial band at all longitudes
3-D grid to low altitudes5 minute cadence
Benefit: Improved specification of the satellite-charging environment at all longitudes (GEO) and in MEO and LEO, and improved specification of human radiation hazard at International Space Station.
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Magnetic Field Specification in the Inner Magnetosphere
Current Product
One value of field at GOES-EastOne value of field at GOES-West
0.5 s cadence, accuracy uncertainties
New Product
Improved accuracy, extrapolation to other geosynchronous locations, and
new guidance for forecasters.
Benefit: Current product accuracy limited because satellite is spin stabilized and because only two locations are monitored. New product will specify more accurate field and extend to other satellite locations in geosynchronous orbit. Needed for energetic particle trajectories and assessment of geomagnetic disturbances.
Magnetometers measure the magnitude and direction of Earth’s magnetic field and its variability at geosynchronous orbit. The field is sampled at 2 Hz (threshold) 8 Hz (goal).
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GOES-R Solar EUV Sensor
• Solar EUV irradiance is a primary source of energy for the upper atmosphere and ionosphere
– Affects satellite drag
– Affects radio communication
– Affects radio navigation
• GOES NOP EUV sensor will be the first operational monitor of the solar EUV irradiance
• GOES-R EUV products will be an improvement by…
– Combination of observations and modeling
– Providing much higher spectral resolution
– Providing better accuracy and precision
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GOES-R X-Ray Sensor• Solar X-ray flare observations
– Impact the ionosphere and disrupt radio communications
– Related to precursors of space weather storms.
• The value of the XRS is that it continues the same observation that has been made for nearly 30 years.
• New science applied to the XRS data set will provide new and improved products.
– Combining GOES and POES data will improve the D-Region Absorption product
– Advances in science will improve the ability to use X-ray data to predict energetic proton events
D-Region Absorption Product Combinging GOES and POES data
Proton Probability Product Using X-ray Temperature Data from GOES
D-Region Absorption Product for
HF Propagation
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GOES-R Solar X-Ray Imager (SXI )
GOES-R SXI images (Simulated using of SOHO EIT data, a joint NASA/ESA
research program).
GOES R SXI Potential Product Improvements
Automated Coronal Hole Detection and Tracking
Improved synergy with XRS products
Pre-flare signature detection
Integration into numerical space weather models
GOES R SXI will:
Increase dynamic range
Double sensitivity
Improve spatial resolution
GOES-12 SXI images.
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P3I CoronagraphGeomagnetic Storm Forecast Product
Now NASA/ESA SOHO Research Coronagraph observes Coronal Mass Ejections (CME’s) Not always real-time, beyond lifetime, no automated tools.
GOES-R
Instrument Status
CME Detected?
Earth Directed?
Arrival Time: Oct 30 07:30
Earliest Arr:
Latest Arr:
Oct 30 02:45
Oct 30 12:15
Storm Intensity: Kp = 6
9±3 hoursStorm Duration:
Comments:
A place for forecasters to addcommentsSave
Image Latency < 15mins
Confidence > 90%
Halo: Asymmetry=30%
Automated algorithms with imagery and text displayed for forecaster guidance.
GOES-R view simulated from SOHO LASCO
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TerrestrialWeather
Coasts
Oceans
SpaceWeather
Fresh Water
Soil Moisture
Estuaries
Air Quality
Atmosphere
SnowPack
Environmental Services
Space weather observations are integrated into NOSA,including GOES observations that contribute to the global
Earth and Solar observations used in NOAA’s operations to continuously specify and forecast conditions in the space
environment.
NOAA Observing Systems Architecture (NOSA) and Global Earth Observing System of Systems (GEOSS)
NOAA is focused on building “an integrated global environmental observation and datamanagement system”—an Earth observation system that is comprehensive and sustained.
Design observing systems that support NOAA's mission and provide maximum value.