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Consumer Reactions to Products of New Animal Technologies. Presentation to: Advisory Committee on Biotechnology and 21 st Century Agriculture (AC21) November 29, 2007 Michael Fernandez. Outline. Background/Context Animal Cloning Transgenic Animals (“genetically modified”) Ethics. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Consumer Reactions to Products of New Animal Technologies
Presentation to:Advisory Committee on Biotechnology and
21st Century Agriculture (AC21)
November 29, 2007
Michael Fernandez
Outline
• Background/Context
• Animal Cloning
• Transgenic Animals (“genetically modified”)
• Ethics
Background
• Data from a series of polls prepared for the Pew Initiative on Food and Biotechnology by the Mellman Group and Public Opinion Strategies, 2001 - 2006
• 1,000 individuals• Margin of error +/- 3.1 percent at 95 percent
confidence level• Other consumer surveys cover some of the same
areas (e.g., International Food Information Council)• For complete survey results and additional
information on issues relating to animal biotechnology see www.pewagbiotech.org
Consumer Familiarity with GM Foods Was Highest in 2001
40%41%44%
34%32%
58%58%
54%
65% 65%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
2001 2003 2004 2005 2006
Heard Not Heard
How much have you seen, read or heard recently about genetically modified food that is sold in grocery stores?
Support For Genetically Modified Foods Has Been Stable, While Opposition Has
Declined
46%
27%25%27%25%26%
50%47%48%
58%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
2001 2003 2004 2005 2006
Favor Oppose
Favor/Oppose the Introduction of GMF to food supply
Few Americans Believe They Have Or Are Likely To Eat GM
Foods
38%40%38%43% 42%
54%
53%54%50% 52%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
2001 2003 2004 2005 2006
Likely Unlikely
How likely are you to eat GM foods?
26%25%19%
24%30%
60%60%62%58%
54%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
2001 2003 2004 2005 2006
Yes No
As far as you know, have you eaten GM foods?
Women Are Particularly Wary of Eating GM Foods
50%51%
46% 46%
47%
36%35%32%
35%
30%
49%49%
46% 46%44%
61%59% 58%57%57%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
2001 2003 2004 2005 2006
Male Likely Female Likely
Male Unlikely Female Unlikely
Likelihood to Eat GM Food by Gender
Americans Split Over The Safety Of GM Foods, Though Many Are Still
Undecided
34%31%29% 27%30%
29%30%
25% 25%27%
38%
48%
37%42%46%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
2001 2003 2004 2005 2006
SafeUnsafeDon't Know
Initial Ask: Are GM foods basically safe or unsafe?
45%47%48%
44%48%
29%28%21% 21%
25%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
2001 2003 2004 2005 2006
Safe Unsafe
*Informed Ask: Now, as you may know, more than half of processed products at the grocery store are
produced using some form of biotechnology or genetic
modification. Knowing this, are GM foods basically safe or unsafe?
*The term “processed”, referring to products, was introduced to the survey in 2005.
Outline
• Background/Context
• Animal Cloning
• Transgenic Animals (“genetically modified”)
• Ethics
The Public Claims To Have A Higher Level Of Awareness Of “Animal Cloning” Than Of “Genetic
Modifications”
41%
58%
34%
64% 65%
35%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
HeardNot Heard
GM Foods GM Animals
Amount Heard About GM Foods, GM Animals, And Animal Cloning (2005)
Animal Cloning
8% great deal
27% nothing at all
6% great deal
32% nothing at all
16% great deal
9% nothing at all
Awareness And Knowledge of Animal Cloning Has Declined Over The Past Year
65%
35%
55%
43%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
2005 2006
HeardNot Heard
51% 48%44%
54%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
2005 2006
KnowDon't Know
Heard About Animal Cloning Knowledge Of Animal Cloning
24%
66%
10%
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
Comfortable Uncomfort DK
Consumers Do Not Favor Genetic Modification Of Plants Or Animals, And Are Particularly
Uncomfortable With Cloning (2005)
25%
50%
27%
56%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
FavorOppose
GM Foods GM Animals
Support/Oppose
Animal Cloning
8% strongly
33% strongly
11% strongly
37% strongly
Comfort Level
10% strongly
48% strongly
Safety Concerns Are Much Higher When It Comes To Clones
31% 30%23%
43%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
SafeUnsafe
GM Foods
Safety Of GM Foods And Animal Clones (2005)
Animal Clones
12% strongly
18% strongly
10% strongly
28% strongly
Men Are More Comfortable With Animal Cloning And Are More Likely To Believe That Foods
Produced By Cloned Animals Are Safe (2005)
31%
58%
19%
72%
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
ComfortableUncomfortable
Men Women
Comfort With Animal Cloning by Gender
30%35%
17%
50%
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
SafeUnsafe
Men Women
Safety Of Animal Cloning by Gender
Those Responsible For Purchasing Food Are More Likely To Be Uncomfortable With Animal Cloning And
Believe It Is Unsafe (2005)
23%
68%
24%
64%
33%
56%
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
ComfortableUncomfortable
Complete Partly
Comfort With Animal Cloning by Food Purchase Responsibility
None
20%
46%
26%
40%
27%
36%
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
SafeUnsafe
Complete Partly None
Safety Of Animal Cloning by Food Purchase Responsibility
Religion And Ethics Tops The List Of Concerns Among Those Who Are Uncomfortable With Cloning
(2005)
6%
1%
5%
6%
10%
13%
23%
36%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40%
Religious or ethical concerns
Personally uncomfortable with it
Concerns about safety
Distrust producers of clones
Fear of risks
The effect on animal species
Other
% most important concern about animal cloning
No opinion
Those Who Favor Animal Cloning Cite Their Support For Scientific Advancement, And Lowering The Price Of Food
(2005)
5%
1%
4%
8%
14%
19%
21%
28%
0% 10% 20% 30%
Help small farmers
Support scientific advancement
Lower the price of food
Develop new medical treatments
Protect endangered plants and animals
To improve veterinary care
Other
% most important benefit about animal cloning
No opinion
Outline
• Background/Context
• Animal Cloning
• Transgenic Animals (“genetically modified”)
• Ethics
The Public Claims To Have A Higher Level Of Awareness Of “Animal Cloning” Than Of “Genetic
Modifications”
41%
58%
34%
64% 65%
35%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
HeardNot Heard
GM Foods GM Animals
Amount Heard About GM Foods, GM Animals, Importation Of GM Foods, And Animal Cloning (2005)
Animal Cloning
8% great deal
27% nothing at all
6% great deal
32% nothing at all
16% great deal
9% nothing at all
While Majorities Of Both Sexes Oppose Genetic Modification Of Animals, Men Are More Likely Than
Women To Favor Research
27%
56%
17%
32%
52%
16%
23%
59%
19%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
FavorOpposeDK
Men Women
Favor/Oppose Transgenic Animals by Gender (2005)
Total
Knowledge Increases Support Opposition Is Shared By All Levels Of Awareness (2005)
38%
55%
8%
39%
54%
7%
22%
61%
17% 20%
55%
25%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
FavorOpposeDK
Total Great Deal Some
Favor/Oppose Transgenic Animals by Amount Heard About Transgenic Animals
Not Too Much
Developing Heartier Livestock Are The Most Widely Supported Reasons To Genetically Modify Animals
Headlines On Avian Flu May Have Pushed It To The Top Of The List (2005)
4%
15%
16%
22%
23%
27%
27%
31%
40%
40%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%
To reduce the cost of fish, like salmon
To expand our understanding of science and nature
To produce more affordable pharmaceutical drugs by using animals to produce compounds
To make it possible to transplant animal organs to humans
To provide organs for transplant to humans
To produce beef with less fat that is healthier
% very good reason to genetically modify animals
To breed livestock which produces waste that is less polluting
To breed novelty pets
To develop cattle resistant to mad cow disease
To produce chickens resistant to avian flu
Consumers Believe Their Interests Should Be Balanced With Those Of Producers, And That Includes Requiring Government Approval To Sell Food Derived From GM
Animals (2005)
6%
20%
21%
36%
52%
61%
63%
64%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%
Foods derived from GM animals should be sold only after govt determined they are safe
Foods from GM animals should require govt approval, even if it causes substantial delays
Foods from GM animals should be sold w/out govt review, as long as developer believes safe
Should not be sold under any circumstances
Sold with same regulations as other products
Allow foods from GM animals to be sold, and removed from market if found unsafe
% strongly favor proposal to regulate GM animals
Foods from GM animals should be prohibited from being sold, even if govt believes it is safe
The interests of consumers and food producers must be balanced
Outline
• Background/Context
• Animal Cloning
• Transgenic Animals (“genetically modified”)
• Ethics
Religion And Ethics Tops The List Of Concerns Among Those Who Are Uncomfortable With Cloning
(2005)
6%
1%
5%
6%
10%
13%
23%
36%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40%
Religious or ethical concerns
Personally uncomfortable with it
Concerns about safety
Distrust producers of clones
Fear of risks
The effect on animal species
Other
% most important concern about animal cloning
No opinion
Americans Strongly Favor Incorporating Moral And Ethical Considerations When Regulating Cloning
(2005)
10%
27%
63%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80%
Morals and science
Science only
Not sure
Government regulators should include ethical and moral considerations, in addition to scientific evaluation of risks and benefits, when making regulatory decisions about cloning or genetically modifying animals.
Which of the following statements comes closer to point of view?
(darker shading=stronger intensity)
Though ethical and moral considerations are important, government regulators should consider only scientific evaluation of risks and benefits when making regulatory decisions about cloning and genetically modifying animals.
+36
53% strongly
18% strongly
There Is No Overt Gender Gap In Attitudes Towards Regulation Of Genetic Modification Or Cloning (2005)
63%
27%
10%
61%
30%
9%
64%
25%
11%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
Morals and scienceScience onlyDK
Men Women
Ethical/Scientific Standards by Gender
Total
Even Those Who Do Not Attend Church Believe Morals And Ethics Should Be Included In Government
Decisions About Cloning (2005)
70%
23%
8%
60%
35%
5%
63%
25%
12%
56%
30%
14%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
Morals and scienceScience onlyDK
Ethical/Scientific Standards by Religious Attendance
Once/week or more
2-3 times/ month
Once/month Few/year or less