29
Consumer Electronics: Hardware Talent Analysis February 2019

Consumer Electronics: Hardware Talent Analysis …...4 4 *Electrical and Electronics Engineering talent possessing hardware related skills such as ASIC implementation, Physical design

  • Upload
    others

  • View
    5

  • Download
    0

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

Page 1: Consumer Electronics: Hardware Talent Analysis …...4 4 *Electrical and Electronics Engineering talent possessing hardware related skills such as ASIC implementation, Physical design

Consumer Electronics: Hardware Talent Analysis

February 2019

Page 2: Consumer Electronics: Hardware Talent Analysis …...4 4 *Electrical and Electronics Engineering talent possessing hardware related skills such as ASIC implementation, Physical design

22

AGENDA

Talent Deep Dive – Consumer Electronics: Hardware Talent Analysis

US Talent Dashboard: Consumer Electronics - Hardware Talent

Startup Analysis – Consumer Electronics

Global Talent Distribution: Consumer Electronics - Hardware Talent

Top Location deep Dive - Top Peer Company Employers, Talent Pyramid, Workloads, Salary Distribution & Relevant Employee Profiles

University Analysis – Top Universities, Niche Universities and Community Colleges

Relevant Job Roles, Skills, Workloads

Page 3: Consumer Electronics: Hardware Talent Analysis …...4 4 *Electrical and Electronics Engineering talent possessing hardware related skills such as ASIC implementation, Physical design

33

Relevant Job Roles: Job roles across Computer Hardware Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Electrical & Electronics Engineering Job Families were analysed

Job Family Job Roles Skills Sample Workloads

Computer Hardware Engineering

• Hardware Engineer • Computer Hardware Engineer• Hardware Development Engineer • Hardware Design Engineer• Hardware Reliability Engineer • Hardware Validation Engineer • Verification Engineer - Hardware • Digital Design Engineer• RTL Design Engineer• Hardware Engineer- Sensors• Hardware Design Verification

Engineer

• SoC Architecture, SoC Design, FPGA device architecture, Circuit Design, Board Design, IC reliability, board reliability, failure analysis techniques, interconnect topologies such as AMBA AXI, APB, AHB, I/O interfaces such as SPI, I2C, I2S, PDM

• Tools: Hardware Emulation Platforms and tools (EVE, Palladium, Protium, Veloce, and/or HAPS)

• Scripting skills: Shell, Perl, Python, R

• Develop all aspects of Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) implementation, including design partitioning, synthesis, place and route, timing analysis IP integration, RTL simulation, timing closure and system level debugging.

• Perform RTL coding and synthesis• Integrate various core features of the product such as display,

sensors, improving overall system quality, work with software/product design engineers to optimize product performance

• Manage the ODM HW testing and be part of the Production flow definition team

• Perform reliability prediction of failure mechanisms on products under development and products in the field

Note : DRAUP’s proprietary talent module was used to analyse jobs by locations and skills

Mechanical Engineering(Design)

• Mechanical Engineer• Mechanical Design Engineer• Display Mechanical Engineer• Mechanical Product Design Engineer• Product Design Engineer• Mechanical Hardware Design Engineer

• Mechanical design, Mechanical Architecture, 3D Modelling,2D Drafting, prototyping, tolerance analysis, FEA, DFMEA, Applied knowledge in PCB design, electrical circuits, material science and basic chemistry

• Tools:, Creo Parametric , PTC Creo Elements/Pro, 3D CAD, Siemens NX, CATIA, Solidworks, JMP, Matlab,

• Research, ideation, new and existing technology proposals for new UX, mechanical architecture, mechanical design and prototype development

• Defining mechanical component outlines and assembly schemes

• Drive end to end development of mechanical architecture and design for the electro-mechanical systems.

• Define & implement rigorous validation plan for ME characteristics of the panels using a deep understanding of DOE, GD&T, CP/CPK techniques

• Responsible for mechanical design using 3D CAD, failure analysis and problem solving.

Page 4: Consumer Electronics: Hardware Talent Analysis …...4 4 *Electrical and Electronics Engineering talent possessing hardware related skills such as ASIC implementation, Physical design

44

*Electrical and Electronics Engineering talent possessing hardware related skills such as ASIC implementation, Physical design and verification, RTL design, PCB design are considered

*Electrical and Electronics Engineers working on core computer systems and component design are included in Computer Hardware Engineering Job family

Electrical& Electronics Engineering

• Electrical Engineer• Display Electrical Engineer• Control Electrical Engineer• Electrical Hardware Design Engineer• Sensor Electrical Design Engineer• Electrical Engineer/ Physical Design• Electrical Engineer RF• Floorplan Engineer (ASIC/SoC)• Electronics Design Engineer• Hardware Electronics Engineer• Electronics Hardware Design Engineer• R&D Electronics Engineer• Electronics Reliability Engineer• RF Systems Engineer• Antenna Engineer• ASIC Engineer

• Develop all aspects of ASIC implementation with emphasis on physical synthesis, place and route, static timing analysis

• Design, simulate, and verify electrical performance of sensing solutions, including analog/digital circuit design, signal/power integrity, timing/power budgets

• Provide silicon specifications and perform bring-up/verification of new ASICs

• Design schematics and provide layout constraints for PCBs/FPCs

• Implement wireless designs and physical layer throughput / cost / power. Include development of RF solutions from baseband to antenna

• Drive the overall floorplan convergence for high performance and area optimized designs, including full chip floorplanning, block partitioning and timing constraints budgeting.

• ASIC physical design, PCB/FPC design, analog/digital circuit design, VLSI design/fabrication, digital design of distributed systems, prototype bring-up/debugging, RF Design, RF standards in cellular (4G/5G), microwave backhaul, OFDM, MIMO, Digital/Wireless Communication Systems, floorplanning, PnROptimization, port placement, routing congestion

• Tools: Design Compiler, ICC/ICC2, Innovus/EDI, Primetime, Conformal, Spyglass and/or Power Artist

• Scripting skills: with Python, Tcl, and/or Perl, Verilog/SystemVerilog

• Simulation tools: Cadence, SPICE, MATLAB, SystemVue, Genesis

Note : DRAUP’s proprietary talent module was used to analyse jobs by locations and skills

Job Family Job Roles Skills Sample Workloads

Relevant Job Roles: Job roles across Computer Hardware Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Electrical & Electronics Engineering Job Families were analysed

Page 5: Consumer Electronics: Hardware Talent Analysis …...4 4 *Electrical and Electronics Engineering talent possessing hardware related skills such as ASIC implementation, Physical design

55

Installed Consumer Electronics – Hardware Talent across Global Hotspots: US, UK, China and India have the highest installed Consumer Electronics - Hardware Talent Pool across global hotpsots

San Francisco

Los Angeles

Seattle

Vancouver

San Diego

Mexico city

Toronto Montreal

BostonNew York

Colombia

Peru

Chile

Sao Paulo

Houston

DallasAtlanta

MiamiOrlando

Denver

Washington DC

Raleigh-Durham

Pennsylvania

Chicago

StockholmMoscow

London

Leeds

Barcelona

Paris Berlin

Amsterdam

Beijing

Shanghai

Sydney

Tokyo

Bangalore

Delhi

Pune Hyderabad Hong Kong

Singapore

Jakarta

Guangzhou

Chengdu

UgandaGhana

Tel Aviv

Johannesburg

Nigeria

Egypt

<1,000 1,000 – 5,000 10,000+Consumer Electronics - Hardware Talent Pool

Note : DRAUP’s proprietary talent module was used to analyse jobs by locations and skill type

Installed Consumer Electronics – Hardware Talent across Global Hotspots

Taipei

Page 6: Consumer Electronics: Hardware Talent Analysis …...4 4 *Electrical and Electronics Engineering talent possessing hardware related skills such as ASIC implementation, Physical design

66

ATLANTA

CHICAGOWASHINGTON D.C

AUSTINDALLAS

NYC

HOUSTON

GREATER LOS ANGELES

SF BAY AREA

GREATER SEATTLE

AREA

Boston

DETROIT

GREATER SAN DIEGO

AREAPHOENIX

GREATER DENVER AREA

CHARLOTTE

RALEIGH

ORLANDO

TAMPA

MINNEAPOLISST PAUL AREA

PORTLAND-OREGANO

AREA

MIAMI/FORT LAUDERDALE AREA

PHILADELPHIA AREA

Mechanical Eng.

Consumer Electronics – Hardware Talent across US: San Francisco Bay Area, Greater Boston Area, Greater New York City Area, Austin-Texas Area and Greater Los Angeles Area are the top locations for Hardware Talent Pool in the Consumer Electronics vertical

Note : DRAUP’s Proprietary Talent Module was used to analyse jobs by locations and skill type

~13,600 Talent

SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA

GREATER LOS ANGELES AREA

~2,250 Talent

GREATER DENVER AREA

~1,000 Talent

GREATER SAN DIEGO AREA

~1,500 Talent

PHOENIX AREA

~1,000 Talent

AUSTIN AREA

~2,500 Talent

ATLANTA

~800 Talent

CHARLOTTE

~200 Talent

~1,000 Talent

RALIEGH AREA

~1,700 Talent

GREATER CHICAGO AREA

~3,700 Talent

GREATER BOSTON AREA

~3,000 Talent

GREATER NEW YORK CITY AREA

~600 Talent

GREATER WASHINGTON DC AREA

~800 Talent

HOUSTON, TEXAS AREA

~1,100 Talent

GREATER DETROIT AREA

~700 Talent

PHILADELHPIA AREA

~1,200 Talent

DALLAS/FORT WORTH AREA

~1,050 Talent

MINNEAPOLIS AREA

~300 Talent

MIAIMI/FORT LAUDERDALE

Top Locations

~1,500 Talent

GREATER SEATTLE AREA

~40,000 – 50,000Consumer Electronics – Hardware

Talent across USA 17%

38%

45%Computer Hardware Eng.

Electrical & Electronics Eng.

Mechanical Eng.

Page 7: Consumer Electronics: Hardware Talent Analysis …...4 4 *Electrical and Electronics Engineering talent possessing hardware related skills such as ASIC implementation, Physical design

77

Consumer Electronics Hardware Talent: ~13-16% of the total hardware talent in the US is from the Consumer Electronics vertical

Total Hardware Talent Pool

Consumer Electronics

Adjacent Industries

Other industries(Automotive, Industrial automation, Medical devices Defense, Telecom, Aerospace etc.)

(Semiconductors, IT Services, Consumer software, Enterprise software etc.)

(Consumer Electronics, Electronics manufacturing, Computer Hardware )

General Motors

Ford Motors

Siemens

Schneider Electric

General Electric

Abott

Lockheed Martin

Boeing

Honeywell

SpaceX

Note : DRAUP’s proprietary talent module was used to analyse jobs by locations and skills

Intel

AMD Texas Instrument

Qualcomm Accenture

Oracle

Microsoft

Wipro

Cisco

IBM

Google

Oculus VR

Apple

LutronExtron Spellman

Cadence BenningCrestron

Samsung

Key Employers across Industries

40,000 – 50,000

66%

~326,000Total Hardware Talent in

USA

60,000-70,000

226,000 –230,000

Page 8: Consumer Electronics: Hardware Talent Analysis …...4 4 *Electrical and Electronics Engineering talent possessing hardware related skills such as ASIC implementation, Physical design

88

Talent Landscape: Precisely estimating the talent suited for Consumer Electronics – Hardware Talent involves several interviews and deeper understanding of technical stacks across resumes and profiles

San Francisco Bay Area

Greater Boston Area Greater New York City Area

Austin, Texas Area

Greater Los Angeles Area

Average Salary (USD)

Note : DRAUP’s Proprietary Talent Module was used to analyse jobs by locations and skill type

105,000 100,000 90,000 85,000 85,000

~34% ~23% ~21% ~18% ~16%

Total Hardware Talent

Consumer Electronics -Hardware Talent

Split of Consumer Vertical Talent

~13,600 ~3,700 ~3,000 ~2,500 ~2,250

~40,000 ~16,000 ~14,500 ~14,200 ~14,000

Page 9: Consumer Electronics: Hardware Talent Analysis …...4 4 *Electrical and Electronics Engineering talent possessing hardware related skills such as ASIC implementation, Physical design

99

Location Deep Dive(San Francisco Bay Area, Greater Boston Area, Greater New York City Area, Austin - Texas Area and Greater Los Angeles Area)

Page 10: Consumer Electronics: Hardware Talent Analysis …...4 4 *Electrical and Electronics Engineering talent possessing hardware related skills such as ASIC implementation, Physical design

1010

18%

32%

50%

San Francisco Bay Area: Approximately 55% of the Consumer Electronics - Hardware Talent among the analysed roles have 10+ Years of experience

Top Employers in Consumer Electronics - Hardware Talent

San Francisco Bay Area - Installed Talent Overview

18%

27%

55%

Roles

Median talent pool by experience levels (years)

0-5 6-10 10+ Total

Consumer Electronics - Hardware Talent

2,450 3,670 7,480 ~13,600

0-5 years 6-10 years 10+ years

Talent Split By Experience

Sample Roles

• Hardware Engineer• Hardware Design Engineer• Hardware Verification Engineer• ASIC Engineer• Senior Hardware Engineer• Hardware Reliability Engineer

• Electrical Engineer• Hardware Development Engineer• Hardware Test Engineer• Hardware Engineer – FPGA

acceleration• Senior Hardware Design Engineer

Note : DRAUP’s Proprietary Talent Module was used to analyse talent by top employers, locations and skill sets

1.a

~13,600Total Hardware Talent in

Consumer Electronics Vertical

Computer Hardware Eng.

Electrical & Electronics Eng.

Mechanical Eng.

Talent Split by Job Family

Page 11: Consumer Electronics: Hardware Talent Analysis …...4 4 *Electrical and Electronics Engineering talent possessing hardware related skills such as ASIC implementation, Physical design

1111

San Francisco Bay Area: Top Employer Profiles for Hardware talent

Top Employers & Headcount Job Titles Workloads

~200• Hardware Engineer• Hardware Design Engineer• ASIC Design Engineer

• Perform board-level hardware design for Cisco’s high end blade servers• Design & verification of digital blocks for touch screen controller• Develop validation plans and validate signals using oscilloscopes• Innovate and design board-level power conversion• Lead technical discussion across cross functional teams for entire product life cycle design

~50

• Hardware Engineer• Hardware Engineer – FPGA

Acceleration• RF Hardware Engineer

• Design prototype, bring-up and perform debugging, hardware bug tracking, functional verification, and manufacturing support

• Design, develop, modify, and evaluate electronic parts, components or integrated circuitry for electronic equipment and other hardware systems

• Conduct multiple field testing assignments and implement radio access standards to the mobile chipset

~100

• Hardware Engineer• Hardware Design Verification

Engineer• Hardware Verification Engineer

• Develop high quality RTL code for audio pipeline block that runs at very speed (1GHz+)• Develop custom verilog code in spartan FPGA which is used as a validation board for HOLOLENS chip• Design, develop and build testers for design evaluation of electronics• Build, maintain and extend high performance FPGA-based computing applications for the Bing platform

Note : DRAUP’s Proprietary Talent Module was used to analyse talent by locations and skill sets

~400• Hardware Engineer• Hardware Reliability Engineer• Hardware Testing Engineer

• Design code for incorrect verification of sequences for device bring-up and configuration• Develop SoC architecture and perform electrical engineering system integration• Design and optimize RF system solutions, including cellular technologies LTE, UMTS, CDMA, GSM, WLAN,

BT, and/or GPS for Google Pixel• Define architecture, specification, design and test boards for innovative consumer electronic devices

~2,400• Hardware Engineer• Hardware System Design Engineer• Hardware Design Engineer

• Develop sensor designs and prototype hardware for physiological measurement applications• Perform analysis of data collected, root-cause sources of error in measurements, implement improvements

in hardware, measurement methods, or signal processing• Develop micro-architecture and design specifications for Apple devices• Electrical design and characterization of various buses such as DDR3/4, PCIe gen3, USB3, LPDP, and MIPI

Page 12: Consumer Electronics: Hardware Talent Analysis …...4 4 *Electrical and Electronics Engineering talent possessing hardware related skills such as ASIC implementation, Physical design

1212

Core Responsibilities

Core Responsibilities

San Francisco Bay Area: Sample Consumer Electronics - Hardware Talent Profiles

Yuping Toh

Education: MS Electrical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute

• Design and validate multiple iPhone and iPad cellular radio designs through component-level evaluation, RF matching, and system-level testing of MLBs

• Design, assemble and populate multiple test racks for various test and measurement systems

• Develop automated DFT solutions and design portable content across IP and SOC chip layouts

• Develop PCBA functional test processes and state of art hardware and system architecture for various Apple products such as iPhone and iPad

Hardware Design EngineerExperience in Current Role: 8 YearsTotal Experience: 16 Years

Shreyash Bhattarai

Education: MS Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California

• Design next-gen high-speed optical transceivers (100G/400G/800G) for data centre applications using silicon photonics technology

• Design and test information processing hardware and electrical components, mechanism, materials, circuitry, cabinetry for central processing units (CPU) and peripheral equipment

• Perform failure analysis and troubleshooting on boards

• Lead system design on computing system products along with driving Proof Of Concepts

Silicon Photonics Hardware EngineerExperience in Current Role: 2 YearsTotal Experience: 5 Years

Note : DRAUP’s Proprietary Talent Module was used to analyse talent by locations and skill sets

Core Responsibilities

• Perform failure analysis, problem solving in product issues and test process issues

• Design code for incorrect verification of sequences for device bring-up and configuration

• Design hardware for test fixtures and tooling

• Design, verify and test networking and computing products

Bunpote KanokpongsakEducation: Industrial Instrumentation Engineering,King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang

Hardware Test EngineerExperience in Current Role: 10+ YearsTotal Experience: 15+ Years

Core Responsibilities

Xiaojia Song

Education: PhD Mathematics, Claremont Graduate University

• Design fixtures and parts for mounting components in small, predefined spaces to manufacture complex subassemblies

• Build a CBIR (content-based image retrieval) system

• Verify the functionality of the system with TensorFlow and accelerate the image retrieval by FPGA

• Develop innovative open system architectures and marketable solutions of memory in SSDs, mobile devices and datacentres

Hardware Engineer – FPGA accelerationExperience in Current Role: 1 YearTotal Experience: 12 Years

Apple

Page 13: Consumer Electronics: Hardware Talent Analysis …...4 4 *Electrical and Electronics Engineering talent possessing hardware related skills such as ASIC implementation, Physical design

1313

21%

43%

36%

Greater Boston Area: Approximately 67% of the Consumer Electronics - Hardware Talent among the analysed roles have 10+ Years of experience

Top Employers in Consumer Electronics - Hardware Talent

15%

18%

67%

Roles

Median talent pool by experience levels (years)

0-5 6-10 10+ Total

Consumer Electronics - Hardware Talent

550 670 2,480 ~3,700

0-5 years 6-10 years 10+ years

Talent Split By Experience

Sample Roles

• Hardware Engineer• Hardware System Design Engineer• Hardware Test Engineer• Electrical Design Engineer• Sr. Sensor Hardware Engineer• NAND Hardware Engineer

• Electrical Engineer• ASIC Design Engineer• Hardware Development Engineer• Hardware Electronics Engineer• Hardware Systems Engineer• Baseband Hardware Engineer

Note : DRAUP’s Proprietary Talent Module was used to analyse talent by top employers, locations and skill sets

Greater Boston Area - Installed Talent Overview

1.a

~3,700Total Hardware Talent in

Consumer Electronics Vertical

Computer Hardware Eng.

Electrical & Electronics Eng.

Mechanical Eng.

Talent Split by Job Family

Page 14: Consumer Electronics: Hardware Talent Analysis …...4 4 *Electrical and Electronics Engineering talent possessing hardware related skills such as ASIC implementation, Physical design

1414

Greater Boston Area: Top Employer Profiles for Hardware talent

Top Employers & Headcount Job Titles Workloads

~50

• Hardware Engineer• Senior Hardware Engineer• ASIC Design Engineer

• Design and debug high-performance highly-configurable DDR3/4/5 & LPDDR3/4/5 PHY digital IP (ASIC & FPGA)

• Develop, design high-volume products and oversee all power related issues• Perform bench level debug and performance testing• Prepare board-level demos and benchmark ARC technologies (SW/HW)

~20• Hardware Engineer• Principal Hardware Engineer• Hardware Test Engineer

• Design electronic sub-systems in Philips Color Kinetics• FPGA design using System Verilog and integrate high speed transceiver• Develop and support production electrical test equipment and protocols to provide a traceable verification

of the product

~50• Hardware Engineer• Hardware Verification Engineer• Hardware Design Engineer

• Design hardware components for Sonos products NXP: iMX6, iMX6 Quad Core, iMX8 Quad Core• Develop and analyse techniques to identify root causes of hardware system failures• Drive root cause analysis of all failures found during HW testing• Develop optimized and efficient implementations of DSP algorithms for audio and voice processing from

MATLAB models

Note : DRAUP’s Proprietary Talent Module was used to analyse talent by locations and skill sets

~100

• Hardware Engineer• Hardware Quality Assurance

Engineer• Principal Hardware Engineer

• Design high speed multi layer printed circuit boards, including rigid flex boards using Cadence Allegro tools• Define and develop new qualification processes and test methodologies• Develop, test and debug the devices during integration of the devices into Dell EMC servers• Track and resolve technical issues and information requests on NAND, SCM, and future flash technologies

~200• Hardware Engineer• Hardware System Design Engineer• Electrical Engineer

• Develop, implement, and support diagnostic software solutions that are required to design, develop and manufacture high-quality speakers and phones

• Create test and validate plans for in-development products to meet all applicable regulatory requirements• Design, prototype and evaluate antenna. Simulate antenna using CST Microwave Studio• Architect, design and build high performance consumer electronic products

Page 15: Consumer Electronics: Hardware Talent Analysis …...4 4 *Electrical and Electronics Engineering talent possessing hardware related skills such as ASIC implementation, Physical design

1515

Core Responsibilities

Core Responsibilities

Greater Boston Area: Sample Consumer Electronics - Hardware Talent Profiles

Marc Hertzberg

Education: Stony Brook University

• Develop, implement, and support diagnostic software solutions that are required to design, develop and manufacture high-quality Bose products

• Develop automated DFT solutions and design portable content across IP and SOC chip layouts

• Develop PCBA functional test processes. Lead the design and debugging of any new embedded hardware and prototype product and relevant features

• Design low power mixed-signal systems and design PCBs for reducing the EMIs

Hardware EngineerExperience in Current Role: 14 YearsTotal Experience: 25 Years

Monissa MohanEducation: MS Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst

• Design, develop, modify, and evaluate electronic parts, components, or integrated circuitry for electronic equipment and other hardware systems

• Prepare board-level demos, benchmark ARC technologies (SW/HW) and prepare competitive analysis

• Design and develop high performance JEDEC memory interface

• Design and develop high speed DDR PHYs in the RTL/Architecture group

Hardware EngineerExperience in Current Role: 4 YearsTotal Experience: 7 Years

Note : DRAUP’s Proprietary Talent Module was used to analyse talent by locations and skill sets

Core Responsibilities

• Develop EMC hardware platforms utilizing Intel architectures, PCIe and SAS protocols

• Validate and debug board functionality

• Develop rework instruction plans for corrections during board validation phase

• Design high speed multi layer printed circuit boards, including rigid flex boards using Cadence Allegro tools

• Perform hardware design of PowerEdge storage RAID controller and x86 board design

Richard Boyle

Education: BS Computer Engineering, Northeastern University

Hardware Design EngineerExperience in Current Role: 5+ YearsTotal Experience: 14 Years

Core Responsibilities

Mark Viscusi

Education: NA

• Define system verification strategies and plans of multiple sub-assemblies and diagnostic and system software

• Develop comprehensive product level design verification test plans

• Develop regression test suites and documentation of test cases

• Develop and implement automated and manual system verification tests

Hardware Design EngineerExperience in Current Role: 4 YearsTotal Experience: 18 Years

Page 16: Consumer Electronics: Hardware Talent Analysis …...4 4 *Electrical and Electronics Engineering talent possessing hardware related skills such as ASIC implementation, Physical design

1616

19%

48%

33%

Greater New York City Area: Approximately 54% of the Consumer Electronics - Hardware Talent among the analysed roles have 10+ Years of experience

Top Employers in Consumer Electronics - Hardware Talent

22%

24%

54%

Roles

Median talent pool by experience levels (years)

0-5 6-10 10+ Total

Consumer Electronics - Hardware Talent

660 720 1,620 ~3,000

0-5 years 6-10 years 10+ years

Talent Split By Experience

Sample Roles

• Hardware Validation Engineer• Electrical Hardware Design Engineer• Hardware Engineer• Chief Hardware Engineer• Digital FPGA / Hardware Engineer• Staff Electronics Hardware Engineer

• Hardware Design Engineer• Electrical Engineer• Electrical and Electronics Engineer• IoT Hardware Engineer• Sr Hardware Engineer• Digital Hardware Engineer

Note : DRAUP’s Proprietary Talent Module was used to analyse talent by top employers, locations and skill sets

Greater New York City Area - Installed Talent Overview

1.a

~3,000Total Hardware Talent in

Consumer Electronics Vertical

Computer Hardware Eng.

Electrical & Electronics Eng.

Mechanical Eng.

Talent Split by Job Family

Page 17: Consumer Electronics: Hardware Talent Analysis …...4 4 *Electrical and Electronics Engineering talent possessing hardware related skills such as ASIC implementation, Physical design

1717

Greater New York City Area: Top Employer Profiles for Hardware talent

~150

~100

~50

~40

Top Employers & Headcount Job Titles Workloads

• Hardware Engineer• Electrical Engineer• Hardware Design Engineer

• Hardware Engineer• Hardware Validation Engineer• Electrical Engineer

• Hardware Engineer• Components Design Engineer• Electrical Engineer

• Hardware Engineer• Electrical Engineer• Hardware Design Engineer

• Create detailed ODM HW specifications including diversity antenna OTA performance, DC power consumption, IO signal quality, audio function and thermal performance

• Verify ODM reported design data using AMS8050 and standard lab practices• Design detailed functional test specifications for production of hardware devices• Develop, design and test hardware solutions of Honeywell's next generation of products and validating

products/processes from prototype to market

• Research, design, development, verification and test of electronic hardware of all Crestron products• Design FPGA based systems to implement test fixtures • Design FPGA modules to be adhered to existing A/V systems• Create programs and/or scripts to test and validate hardware devices• Measure and analyse high speed signals and validate that they are within specifications

• Design new products using Mentor Graphics schematic capture software along with Xpedition PCB layout software

• Evaluate, design, develop and modify motion control, power control, digital and analog circuits• Test new products to ensure that the NFPA and Underwriters Laboratories standards were met • Drive the hardware design flow such as circuit simulation, schematic capture and layout

• Design, implement, and test Leviton’s line of lighting control, personal protection, and wiring devices• Design schematics for analog and digital circuits in Altium• Program microcontrollers and ARM Cortex-M processors for embedded applications in lighting controls,

Bluetooth, Zigbee, NFC communications, and personal protection (AFCI, GFCI) devices

Note : DRAUP’s Proprietary Talent Module was used to analyse talent by locations and skill sets

~20• Hardware Design Engineer• Circuit Design Engineer• Electrical Engineer

• Plan and design FTTP (Fiber to the Premise) overlay network for Residential and Commercial Units• Design upgrades, repairs and enhancements to Outside Plant telephony network, including all structures

(poles, conduit systems, etc), cable (copper, fiber), and other equipment for aerial, underground, buried, and customer remise equipment for multi-tenant buildings

Page 18: Consumer Electronics: Hardware Talent Analysis …...4 4 *Electrical and Electronics Engineering talent possessing hardware related skills such as ASIC implementation, Physical design

1818

Greater New York City Area: Sample Consumer Electronics - Hardware Talent Profiles

Core Responsibilities

• Design schematics for analog and digital circuits in Altium

• Collaborate with PCB designers on layout and fabrication of PCB

• Develop small, efficient power supplies for digital logic circuits

• Support verification of product with test engineering team by performing industry standard tests to meet agency (UL, CSA, FCC) requirements

Electronics EngineerExperience in Current Role: 5 YearsTotal Experience: 5 Years

Note : DRAUP’s Proprietary Talent Module was used to analyse talent by locations and skill sets

Core Responsibilities

• Develop Honeywell's next generation Inertial Guidance products by evaluating the reliability of materials, properties and techniques used in design and production

• Design and implementation of proof of concept HW enabling early FW development

• PCB design and simulation for high volume manufacturing

• Specification, implementation and validation of antenna and FCC Part 15 unintentional radiation measurement

Hardware EngineerExperience in Current Role: 15+ YearsTotal Experience: 25+ Years

John Brandstetter

Education: BS Electrical and Electronics Engineering, New York Institute of Technology

Core Responsibilities

• Perform system level and component level engineering analysis to determine whether specifications meets the required standard

• Test thoroughly Digital Media prototypes of new products or new FW versions of current products

• Create programs and procedures to test A/V products

• Troubleshoot complex electronic circuits down to the component level

Hardware EngineerExperience in Current Role: 5+ YearsTotal Experience: 8+ Years

Eduardo Blacio

Education: MS, Electrical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology

Core Responsibilities

• Development of unit test specifications to aid with design verification and debugging of new products

• Analyse waveforms during testing to ensure proper operation of circuitry

• Work alongside component engineering to analyse component lifecycles and risks

• Drive the electronic circuit design using signal chain building blocks like Op-Amps, ADCs & DACs

Hardware EngineerExperience in Current Role: 2 YearsTotal Experience: 5 Years

John Jespersen

Education: Masters, Electrical and Electronics Engineering, University of Texas

Aamir Jahan

Education: BS, Electrical Engineering, Stony Brook University

Page 19: Consumer Electronics: Hardware Talent Analysis …...4 4 *Electrical and Electronics Engineering talent possessing hardware related skills such as ASIC implementation, Physical design

1919

Austin, Texas Area: Approximately 65% of the Consumer Electronics - Hardware Talent among the analysed roles have 10+ Years of experience

Top Employers in Consumer Electronics - Hardware Talent

14%

21%

65%

Roles

Median talent pool by experience levels (years)

0-5 6-10 10+ Total

Consumer Electronics - Hardware Talent

380 470 1,650 ~2,500

0-5 years 6-10 years 10+ years

Talent Split By Experience

Sample Roles

• RF Digital Hardware Engineer• GPU Hardware Design Engineer• FPGA Design Engineer• RTL Design Engineer• Hardware Server Validation Engineer• Robotics Hardware Engineer

• Hardware Development Engineer• ASIC Design Engineer• Digital Hardware Engineer• Storage Hardware Development Engineer• Hardware Design Engineer• Lead Hardware Engineer

Note : DRAUP’s Proprietary Talent Module was used to analyse talent by top employers, locations and skill sets

Austin, Texas Area - Installed Talent Overview

Talent Split by Job Family

15%

38%

47%1.a

~2,500Total Hardware Talent in

Consumer Electronics Vertical

Computer Hardware Eng.

Electrical & Electronics Eng.

Mechanical Eng.

Page 20: Consumer Electronics: Hardware Talent Analysis …...4 4 *Electrical and Electronics Engineering talent possessing hardware related skills such as ASIC implementation, Physical design

2020

Austin, Texas Area: Top Employer Profiles for Hardware talent

~200

~150

~50

~20

Top Employers & Headcount Job Titles Workloads

• Hardware Principal Engineer• Storage Hardware Development

Engineer• Hardware Design Engineer

• Hardware Engineer• Hardware Design Engineer• Design Verification Engineer

• Hardware Engineer• Design Verification Engineer• GPU Design Engineer

• Hardware Design Engineer• ASIC Design Engineer• Design Engineer – Hardware

• Post Silicon system validation for Intel Atom Core Base IA (Base Intel core Architecture), focused on low power consumption and high performance of x86 Cores and sub system modules in Base IA

• Develop validation and debug tools to expedite the verification and troubleshooting of issues with interfaces such as Ethernet 802.3, Fibre Channel, InfiniBand, PCI Express and NC-SI

• Develop Apple’s UEFI implementation and related technologies for the Mac product line• Validate, review, and debug the customized hardware requirements to fit within Apple's future products

and datacentre environments• Develop, implement, and execute hardware validation plans for Apple’s standard server and storage server

platforms

• SV- UVM based verification of coherent interconnect capable of handling coherent traffic from CPU, GPUs and non coherent IO traffic

• Debug, repair, and verify logic issues and bugs (both in RTL and gate-level netlists)• Load-store micro-architecture verification of high-end mobile CPUs

• Design, develop, manage, and test the Site Controls Configuration Tool for configuring and commissioning remote devices

• Maintain and develop new features for the Linux based Board Support Package• Evaluate new hardware platforms which includes creating deliverable prototypes

Note : DRAUP’s Proprietary Talent Module was used to analyse talent by locations and skill sets

~20• Hardware Engineer• System Hardware Engineer• Electrical Engineer

• Hardware structure development for high definition audio/video conferencing equipment• Analyse field and factory failures to identify software and hardware design and quality faults, then

implement design changes into current products as well as drive improved design practices into new products

Page 21: Consumer Electronics: Hardware Talent Analysis …...4 4 *Electrical and Electronics Engineering talent possessing hardware related skills such as ASIC implementation, Physical design

2121

Austin, Texas Area: Sample Consumer Electronics - Hardware Talent Profiles

Core Responsibilities

• Perform unit-level verification of a bus controller module interfacing the GPU memory subsystem to an ACE interconnect

• Create a system level checker that performs coherency and data integrity checks between multilevel caches, and memory

• Circuit design and low power design in advanced process tech of 65nm/45nm/28nm/20nm/16/14nm/10nm

Design Verification EngineerExperience in Current Role: 1 YearsTotal Experience: 3 Years

Note : DRAUP’s Proprietary Talent Module was used to analyse talent by locations and skill sets

Core Responsibilities

• Design PowerEdge storage RAID controller with SAS12G, PCIe Gen3, DDR4-3200, High speed HDI PCB

• Design PowerEdge x86 Server HW board

• Design and execute test plans for fault tolerant SAS RAID controllers

• Documentation of new architectures, SOWs, service procedures, etc

• Own and drive UDS technical flash technology roadmap, leveraging NAND, SCM, and future flash technologies

Hardware Design EngineerExperience in Current Role: 17 YearsTotal Experience: 22+ Years

Jiangtao Liu

Education: MS Electrical Engineering, Oregon Graduate Institute

Core Responsibilities

• Design and development of the PCB Schematics, Component Placement, Routing, Gerber files, and generate BOMs for Traffic Controller products using ALTIUM Designer Tool

• Perform board bring up and system testing and perform component engineering tasks and resolve factory manufacturing crisis, such as component shortage, obsolete parts, single sources, component higher cost, etc

• Create Assembly Drawings using AutoCAD 10. Generating ECOs on sustaining products

Hardware DesignerExperience in Current Role: 9+ YearsTotal Experience: 30+ Years

Tung Ly

Education: BS Electrical and Computer Engineering, Kansas State University

Core Responsibilities

• Develop verification plans in coordination with design leads and architects

• Create and maintain verification test bench components and environments

• Generate directed random tests

• Create automated verification flows for block verification

• Create functional coverage points, analyse coverage and enhance test environment to target coverage holes

Hardware EngineerExperience in Current Role: 4 YearsTotal Experience: 5 Years

Sashaank Kasturirangan

Education: Masters, Electrical and Electronics Engineering, University of Texas

Abhinav Kothiala

Education: Masters, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cornell University

Page 22: Consumer Electronics: Hardware Talent Analysis …...4 4 *Electrical and Electronics Engineering talent possessing hardware related skills such as ASIC implementation, Physical design

2222

20%

48%

32%

Greater Los Angeles Area: Approximately 51% of the Consumer Electronics - Hardware Talent among the analysed roles has 10+ Years of experience

Top Employers in Consumer Electronics - Hardware Talent

26%

23%

51%

Roles

Median talent pool by experience levels (years)

0-5 6-10 10+ Total

Consumer Electronics - Hardware Talent

580 520 1,150 ~2,250

0-5 years 6-10 years 10+ years

Talent Split By Experience

Sample Roles

• Hardware Modeling Engineer• Hardware Engineer• Hardware Quality Engineer• Hardware Design Engineer• Hardware Engineer – Video Systems• IoT Hardware Engineer

• Electrical Engineer• Electronics Design Engineer• Electrical Hardware Design Engineer• Digital Hardware Engineer• Senior Hardware Engineer• Hardware Development Engineer

Note : DRAUP’s Proprietary Talent Module was used to analyse talent by top employers, locations and skill sets

Greater Los Angeles Area - Installed Talent Overview

1.a

~2,250Total Hardware Talent in

Consumer Electronics Vertical

Computer Hardware Eng.

Electrical & Electronics Eng.

Mechanical Eng.

Talent Split by Job Family

Page 23: Consumer Electronics: Hardware Talent Analysis …...4 4 *Electrical and Electronics Engineering talent possessing hardware related skills such as ASIC implementation, Physical design

2323

Greater Los Angeles Area: Top Employer Profiles for Hardware talent

~50

~30

~25

~20

Top Employers & Headcount Job Titles Workloads

• Hardware Engineer• Electrical Engineer• Hardware Design Engineer

• Hardware Modeling Engineer• Hardware Engineer• Hardware Design Engineer

• Hardware Engineer• Hardware Quality Engineer• Electrical Engineer

• Hardware Development Engineer• Electronics Design Engineer• Hardware Engineer

• Develop hardware for high performance audio/video streaming and networking systems• Design and test digital video processing products using application processors, stand-alone FPGAs based

SoCs• Design, implement, and test digital and or analog hardware for video processing and interfacing products• Conduct debugging of all hardware components and also perform root-cause failure analysis

• Develop use case models, hardware models, and associated tools used to test the viability of future products

• Identify and prioritize hardware and EE-related issues• Develop and drive component-level architecture specifications of hardware products to the implementation

phase

• Test and debug HDD firmware using Source Point on an Arium emulator/debugger• Testing of interfaces such as USB, Ethernet, 802.11, Lightning, HDMI and Thunderbolt and various

connectors• Design hardware products for compliance with agency approvals (FCC, CE, UL, USB, etc.)• Create schematics and PCB layouts with Altium

• Determine system specifications, input/output processes and working parameters for hardware/software compatibility

• Perform electrical FA on failures from different stages of development including manufacturing, firmware validation, extreme condition testing, and reliability

• Debug hardware related issues such as damage components, solder interconnect, or NAND issues

Note : DRAUP’s Proprietary Talent Module was used to analyse talent by locations and skill sets

~20• Hardware Design Engineer• Electrical System Engineer• Electrical Engineer

• Develop and maintain subsystem test validation and verification plans and procedures• Develop and build a variety of battery related models such as performance, and aging models• Validate electronic hardware by bench-testing, and debugging hardware issues• Define and manage the hardware validation for all Romeo’s power technology products and PCBs

Page 24: Consumer Electronics: Hardware Talent Analysis …...4 4 *Electrical and Electronics Engineering talent possessing hardware related skills such as ASIC implementation, Physical design

2424

Greater Los Angeles Area: Sample Consumer Electronics - Hardware Talent Profiles

Core Responsibilities

• Create advanced electronic circuit designs and create innovative and robust solutions to problems

• Create schematics and PCB layouts with Altium

• Develop and release quality cutting-edge high volume consumer products including: Computer peripherals, MP3 player accessories, connectivity products, AV products and other Belkin products

• Implement designs using wireless standards such as Wi-Fi and Bluetooth

Electrical EngineerExperience in Current Role: 2 YearsTotal Experience: 7 Years

Note : DRAUP’s Proprietary Talent Module was used to analyse talent by locations and skill sets

Core Responsibilities

• Design modules for Video Processing purposes

• Integrate CPLDs and FPGAs with serial transceivers at the board level

• Design and develop Audio DSP related product

• Design, implement, and test digital and or analog hardware for video processing and interfacing products

Digital Hardware Design EngineerExperience in Current Role: 3 YearsTotal Experience: 11 Years

Linda Megerdichian

Education: MS Electrical and Electronics Engineering, California State University-Northridge

Core Responsibilities

• Design and development of Power ASIC devices used on HDD products

• Design and development of subsystems and integration of total system

• Determines system specifications, input/output processes and working parameters for hardware/software compatibility

• Perform Failure Analysis on defective wafers, disposition wafers on hold, and implement corrective / preventive actions

Hardware Development EngineerExperience in Current Role: 5+ YearsTotal Experience: 8+ Years

William Laird

Education: Electronics and Computer Engineering, Cal Poly Pomona

Core Responsibilities

• Design and develop high-speed digital and analog boards and systems

• Develop hardware and system architectures for novel products

• Develop and negotiate cross-functional requirements to ensure product performance

• Develop and drive component-level architecture specifications to the implementation phase

• Drive the hardware engineer teams in building hardware prototype for next generation of Apple products

Hardware EngineerExperience in Current Role: 7 YearsTotal Experience: 19 Years

Jeffery Schneider

Education: BE Electrical Engineering, UNSW Australia

Chaojin He

Education: BSEE Electrical Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles

Apple

Page 25: Consumer Electronics: Hardware Talent Analysis …...4 4 *Electrical and Electronics Engineering talent possessing hardware related skills such as ASIC implementation, Physical design

2525

Startup Overview: Consumer Electronics startups in the US is rapidly evolving offering communication and security solutions. A significant hardware talent is employed across these startups focusing on defining hardware architecture, specifications and design

~150 - 200

Total Number of Consumer Electronics Start-ups in USA

Top Start-Ups talent pool

$100,000

Median Salary

Headcount

~150• Hardware Engineer• Electrical Engineer

Key Job profiles

• Hardware Design Engineer

• Hardware Engineer~100

~50• Hardware Engineer• Hardware Design

Engineer

$330 Mn

$32.5 Mn

$21 Mn

Start-ups Total funding* Description

Note : DRAUP’s Proprietary Talent Module was used to analyse top consumer electronics start-ups and relevant job profilesNote: Startups founded from Jan 2014 – till date was considered for the analysis

~50• Electrical Engineer• Hardware Engineer

$28 Mn

• Essential designs and develops 360* cameras for prototypes, and transferring them into mass production

• Caavo offers in-home entertainment products and services using a combination of hardware, firmware and a cloud platform

• Brilliant is a consumer electronic company that create brilliant control to give consumers voice and touch control over lighting, music, climate, and other smart home products

• Owl Cameras Inc. develops and manufactures security camera for cars to capture different actions including car crashes, stops, break-in the vehicle, and any other thing in and around the vehicle

$14.4 Mn ~20• Pi Inc. has invented electromagnetic charging

technology to charge smartphones and tablets wirelessly using magnetic fields

• Hardware Engineer• Electrical Engineer

~$1.5 -$1.75 Bn

Total Funding Raised

Page 26: Consumer Electronics: Hardware Talent Analysis …...4 4 *Electrical and Electronics Engineering talent possessing hardware related skills such as ASIC implementation, Physical design

2626

Top Universities Analysis

Carnegie Mellon University

CS: ~100ME: ~100EE: ~70

CS: ~270ME: ~130EE: ~150

University of California, Berkeley

CS: ~200ME: ~180EE: ~140

CS: ~130ME: ~100EE: ~100

Princeton University

CS: ~310ME: ~120EE: ~70

CS: ~200ME: ~100EE: ~170

University of California, Los Angeles

CS: ~210ME: ~90EE: ~120

CS: ~110ME: ~100EE: ~200

University of Washington

CS: ~490ME: ~370EE: ~380

CS: ~120ME: ~120EE: ~120

University Key EmployersGraduatesPost

GraduatesBeginner Courses Intermediate Courses

AdvancedCourses

Note: CS – Computer Science , EE – Electrical & Electronics, ME – Mechanical Engineering, NA : valid source not availableSource : Universities websites and ‘U.S Department of Education’

• Automated Program Verification and Testing

• Compiler Design• Research Practicum in Computer

Science• Microelectromechanical Systems

• Operating System Design & Implementation

• Parallel Computer Architecture & Programming

• Material Selection for Mechanical Engineers

• Hardware Arithmetic for Machine Learning

• Electronic Devices and Analog Circuits

• Advanced Mechanical Design

• Introduction to Computational Thinking with Data

• Designing Information Devices and Systems

• Mechanical Behavior of Engineering Materials

• Introduction to Embedded Systems

• Computer Architecture and Engineering

• Engineering Analysis Using the Finite Element Method

• Application Specific Integrated Circuits Laboratory

• Advanced Digital Integrated Circuits• Advanced Engineering Design

Graphics

• Introduction to Programming Systems

• Designing Real Systems• Contemporary Logic Design• Numerical Algorithms for

Scientific Computing

• Computer Architecture and Organization

• Electronic Circuit Design Analysis and Implementation

• Mixed-Signal Circuits and Systems • Processor Architectures for New

Paradigms• Advanced Materials and

Mechanical Systems I, II

• Principles and Practices of Computing

• Circuit Theory• Introduction to Computer-

Aided Design and Drafting

• Logic Design of Digital Systems

• Devices and Circuits I• Mechanical Engineering

Design II

• Design of Digital Circuits and Systems

• Circuit Theory I (Honors)• Advanced Digital Control for

Mechatronic Systems

• Foundations Of Computing • Devices and Circuits I • Introduction to Design

(Mechanical)

• Embedded System Design• Integrated Systems Capstone• Manufacturing Processes

• Design of Digital Circuits and Systems

• Network Security and Cryptography

• Machine Design (Mechanical)

Page 27: Consumer Electronics: Hardware Talent Analysis …...4 4 *Electrical and Electronics Engineering talent possessing hardware related skills such as ASIC implementation, Physical design

2727

Niche Universities Analysis

Wichita State University

CS: ~50ME: ~90EE: ~100

CS: ~80ME: ~100EE: ~80

Michigan State University

CS: ~500ME: ~430EE: ~110

CS: ~170ME: ~140EE: ~230

University of Florida

CS: ~1360ME: ~2450EE: ~1130

CS: ~2560ME: ~1240EE: ~1500

University of Illinois, Chicago (UIC)

NA NA

Washington State University

CS: ~1120ME: ~400EE: ~200

CS: ~300ME: ~100EE: ~70

University Key EmployersGraduatesPost

GraduatesBeginner Courses Intermediate Courses

AdvancedCourses

Note: CS – Computer Science , EE – Electrical & Electronics, ME – Mechanical Engineering, NA : valid source not availableSource : Universities websites and ‘U.S Department of Education’

• Hardware Arithmetic for Machine Learning

• Logic Design and Verification• Introduction to Mechanical

Engineering Design

• Multicore Architectures and Programming

• Microprocessor-Based System Design

• Computer -Aided Engineering

• Hardware-Based Computer Security

• Advanced Digital Integrated Circuit Design

• Mechanical Systems and Design

• Application Analog Integrated Circuits

• Intro to Signal Processing• Mechanical Engineering

Analysis

• Power System Analysis• VLSI Design• Electronic Instrument & System• Computer Aided Design of

Structures

• Advanced VLSI Design• Digital Signal Processing &

Filter Design• Computer Aided Product

Design

• Introduction to Power Electronics• Future of Microelectronics

Technology• Introduction to Numerical

Methods of Engineering Analysis

• Computers, Communications and Systems and Controls

• VLSI Circuits and Technology• Computer Aided Graphics &

Design

• Electronic Devices and Circuits

• Advanced VLSI Design• Finite Element Analysis &

Design

• Introduction to Electric and Electronic Circuits

• Computer Systems & Programming

• Introduction to Engineering Design and Graphics

• Power Circuits and Electromechanics

• Computer Systems & Programming

• Introduction to Computer-Aided Design

• Computer Organization and Design

• Smartphone Computing and Applications

• Mechanical Engineering Design

• Design of Logic Circuits• Introduction to

Electrical Circuits 2• Engineering Analysis

• Signals and Systems 3• Computer Architecture 3• Integrated CAD Design

• RF and Microwave Circuits Systems 4

• ASIC and Digital Systems Design

• Engineering Computer-aided Design and Visualization

Page 28: Consumer Electronics: Hardware Talent Analysis …...4 4 *Electrical and Electronics Engineering talent possessing hardware related skills such as ASIC implementation, Physical design

2828

Community College Analysis

Mesa Community College

Monroe Community College

Lake Superior College

Community College of Rhode Island

Metropolitan Community College

University Key EmployersOverall Graduates Relevant Courses

Source : Universities websites and ‘U.S Department of Education’

• Digital Design Fundamentals• Design and synthesis of digital hardware• Circuit Analysis• Solid-State Devices and Circuits• Microprocessor Concepts and Applications

• Electric Circuit Analysis• Introduction to Digital Electronics• AC/DC Circuit Analysis• Pulse and Digital Circuits• Digital Systems and Microprocessors

• Digital Electronics • Automation Controllers and Microcontrollers • Design of Digital Circuits and Systems • Advanced Mechanical and Material System

• Linear Electrical Systems and Circuit Theory for Engineers Digital Electronics Linear Circuits Lab

• Microprocessor and Microcomputers • Engineering Mechanics Dynamics

• Programmable Logic Controllers • Electric Services and Transformers • Electric Equipment Controls

~4,500

~2,300

~1,000

~1,600

~2,000