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Constitutional Convention
1787
• Convention was the idea of James Madison
• The support of George Washington was important.
• 55 delegates met in Philadelphia.
Articles of Confederation -Weaknesses
• Created a weak central government.
• Congress with limited power.
• Independent states held most of the power.
Restructure Government - Constitution
1• Economic Depression
2• High unemployment, money lost value,
and debt
3• Shay’s Rebellion
Issue: Representation
LARGER STATES SMALLER STATES
Issue: Representation
• Larger States supported:
• Virginia Plan
• Proposed by James Madison and Edmund Randolph.
Virginia Plan
• Proposed the creation of three branches of government:– Legislative
– Executive
– Judicial
Virginia Plan• The number of
representatives would be determined by the population of each state.
• Larger states would have more votes = more power.
New Jersey Plan
• Smaller states supported:
• New Jersey Plan
• Proposed by William Paterson
New Jersey Plan
• Proposed the creation of one branch:
• Congress would have more power.
• Each state would receive one vote.
Connecticut Compromise“The Great Compromise”
• Proposed by Roger Sherman from Connecticut.
• Two House Legislature:- The House of Representatives
-Representatives determined by population.- The Senate -Each state would receive equal
votes - Two votes per state.
Issue: Slavery
Northern States Southern States
Southern States
• Southern States wanted slaves to count in terms of representation.
• Southern states did not want slaves to count for taxes.
Northern States
• Northern states wanted slaves to count for taxation.
• Northern states did not want slaves to count for representation.
3/5 Compromise
3/5 Compromise
• Slaves were considered property.
• 3 out of every 5 slaves would count for taxation and representation.
What is missing from the Constitution?
The Constitution is missing the _________ ____ __________.
The Anti-Federalist• George Mason, Patrick Henry, and Samuel
Adams refused to ratify the Constitution.
• They refused to pass a Constitution without a Bill of Rights.
• They feared the government would become too powerful.
The Anti-Federalists
• The Antifederalists wrote a series of essays known as the Anti-Federalists Papers.
• The essays supported the idea that a strong central government could become tyrannical.
The Federalist• James Madison, John Jay, and Alexander
Hamilton supported a Constitution without a Bill of Rights.
• They felt it was more important to have a strong central government.
• They believed in dividing the powers between the branches and the states.
The Federalist Papers
• The Federalists also wrote a series of essays known as the “Federalists Papers.”
• The essays supported the idea of a strong central government.
Compromise
• A compromise was reached between Federalists and Anti-federalists.
• The Constitution was ratified on Sept. 17, 1787.
• The Bill of Rights was added in 1791.