Constants acids and bases

7/25/2019 Constants acids and bases

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Physical Constants and Tables

Physical Constants

SI Prefxes or Units

Conversion Factors

Periodic Table

Ionization Energies

Atomic rbital Ionization Energies

Electronegativity and Electron A!nity

"ond #issociation Energies

Average "ond Energies

Enthal$ies o Formation

Acid #issociation Constants

%as Sol&bility Constants

Sol&bility Prod&ct Constants

S$ecifc 'eat

Electrochemistry( hal cell $otentials

)og Table

Physical Constants

Constant Symbol *al&e
http://butane.chem.uiuc.edu/pshapley/GenChem2/Tables.html#ahttp://butane.chem.uiuc.edu/pshapley/GenChem2/Tables.html#ohttp://butane.chem.uiuc.edu/pshapley/GenChem2/Tables.html#bhttp://butane.chem.uiuc.edu/pshapley/GenChem2/Tables.html#chttp://butane.chem.uiuc.edu/pshapley/GenChem2/Tables.html#lhttp://butane.chem.uiuc.edu/pshapley/GenChem2/Tables.html#dhttp://butane.chem.uiuc.edu/pshapley/GenChem2/Tables.html#ehttp://butane.chem.uiuc.edu/pshapley/GenChem2/Tables.html#fhttp://butane.chem.uiuc.edu/pshapley/GenChem2/Tables.html#ghttp://butane.chem.uiuc.edu/pshapley/GenChem2/Tables.html#hhttp://butane.chem.uiuc.edu/pshapley/GenChem2/Tables.html#ihttp://butane.chem.uiuc.edu/pshapley/GenChem2/Tables.html#jhttp://butane.chem.uiuc.edu/pshapley/GenChem2/Tables.html#khttp://butane.chem.uiuc.edu/pshapley/GenChem2/Tables.html#mhttp://butane.chem.uiuc.edu/pshapley/GenChem2/Tables.html#nhttp://butane.chem.uiuc.edu/pshapley/GenChem2/Tables.html#xhttp://butane.chem.uiuc.edu/pshapley/GenChem2/Tables.html#ohttp://butane.chem.uiuc.edu/pshapley/GenChem2/Tables.html#bhttp://butane.chem.uiuc.edu/pshapley/GenChem2/Tables.html#chttp://butane.chem.uiuc.edu/pshapley/GenChem2/Tables.html#lhttp://butane.chem.uiuc.edu/pshapley/GenChem2/Tables.html#dhttp://butane.chem.uiuc.edu/pshapley/GenChem2/Tables.html#ehttp://butane.chem.uiuc.edu/pshapley/GenChem2/Tables.html#fhttp://butane.chem.uiuc.edu/pshapley/GenChem2/Tables.html#ghttp://butane.chem.uiuc.edu/pshapley/GenChem2/Tables.html#hhttp://butane.chem.uiuc.edu/pshapley/GenChem2/Tables.html#ihttp://butane.chem.uiuc.edu/pshapley/GenChem2/Tables.html#jhttp://butane.chem.uiuc.edu/pshapley/GenChem2/Tables.html#khttp://butane.chem.uiuc.edu/pshapley/GenChem2/Tables.html#mhttp://butane.chem.uiuc.edu/pshapley/GenChem2/Tables.html#nhttp://butane.chem.uiuc.edu/pshapley/GenChem2/Tables.html#xhttp://butane.chem.uiuc.edu/pshapley/GenChem2/Tables.html#a


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Avogadro's number N 6.02214 102!mol"1

#olt$mann constant k 1.!%066 10"2!&(

)araday's constant )*6.4%+ ,&volt

*6-4%+ Cmol

as constant /%.!14+1 &( mol

0.0%206 atm( mol

Planc,'s constant h 6.6260% 10"!4& s

eed o3 light c 2.***24+% 10%ms

SI Prefxes or Units

Pre5

ymb

ol10n ecimal

hort

scaleong scale

yotta 7 102

41000000000000000000000000

etillion 8uadrillion

$etta 9102

1

10000000000000000000

00etillion Trilliard

ea :101

% 1000000000000000000 8uintillion Trillion


3/22

eta P101

+ 1000000000000000 8uadrillion #illiard

tera T 101

2 1000000000000 Trillion #illion

giga 10* 1000000000 #illion ;illiard

meg

a; 106 1000000 ;illion

,ilo , 10!

1000 Thousand

hect

oh 102 100


4/22

3emt

o3

10"

1+ 0.0000000000000018uadrillion

th#illiardth

atto a 10"

1% 0.000000000000000001 8uintillionthTrillionth

$et

o$

10"

21

0.0000000000000000000

01

etilliont

hTrilliardth

yoct

oy

10"

24

0.0000000000000000000

00001

etilliont

h

8uadrillion

th

Conversion Factors

+or,- .o&le & >or, done by accelerating1 g at 1 cmsec23or 1 m

1 & ? *.%6*

10"! atm 1000

& ? 1 ,&

101%& ? 1 :&

@eaouleB

mass/ene

rgy0o&le &

energy in mass units @3or

:?mc2B1 & ? 1 ,g m"2s"2

+or,electron

volte

energy to accelerate 1

electron by 1 volt o3

otential diDerence

1 e ? 1.1602

10"1*&

heat- calorie cal

heat needed to raise the

temerature o3 1 g o3


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oules- is delivered 1000 F ? 1 ,F

other,ilo+att

ho&rs,Fh

1 ,ilo>att delivered over 1

hour

1 ,Fh ? !.6

106&

other+aven&m

bercm"1

1>avelength o3

electromagnetic radiation

1 cm"1?

0.011*6 ,&mol

other 'ertz s"1-


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PeriodicTable

ee also Feb :lements3or in3ormation about individual

elements.

Ionization Energies

Electron confg&ration Ionization 2eaction Energy 2e3&ired

I


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I


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Electronegativity and Electron A!nity

The electron aKnity is the heat released @negative energy termB

>hen a 3ree electron combines >ith a neutral atom to ma,e anegatively charged ion.

) H e" )" "!2% ,&mol

Cl H e" Cl" "!4* ,&mol

#r H e" #r" "!24 ,&mol


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L H e" L" "2*+ ,&mol

ithin molecules rather

than 3ree atoms. Lt measures the tendency o3 that atom to dra>

bonding electrons to>ards itsel3.


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"ond #issociation Energies

=2 4*% ,&mol

=! !64 ,&mol

=2N"= 1*0 ,&mol

Cl"Cl 2+! ,&mol


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Average "ond Energies

molec&le ,0/mol molec&le ,0/mol molec&le ,0/mol molec&le ,0/mol


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Enthal$ies o Formation

molec&le ,0/mol molec&le ,0/mol molec&le ,0/mol

= 24*.1 =! 142.

glucoseC6


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Acid #issociation Constants

)or all acids @


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Nitric acid


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;ethanol C

:thanol C

1"methylethanol @C

1-1"dimethylethanol @C

Carbonic acid


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Acid 4ame 1a $1a

Carbonic-

!rd4.+ 10"

1! 12.!+

ul3uric acid-


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elenous acid-

!rd 6.4 10"6 +.1*

Lncludes the hydration eGuilibrium bet>een C=2@aGB and


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Sol&bility Prod&ct Constants

5ineral E3&ation 1 s$

calcium carbonate CaC=! CaH2H C=!2"!.% 10"

*

calcium hydroide Ca@=


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6

calcium hoshate Ca!@P=4B2 ! CaH2H 2 P=4!" 1 10"26

hydroyaatiteCa+@P=4B!@=


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substance by 1 degree.

This is called the s$ecifc

heatorheat ca$acity.

G ? m C T

coer 0.!%+

ethanol 2.44

hydrogen 14.!

silica 0.0!

>ater 4.1%

Standard red&ction hal cell $otentials

2ed&ctio 2eaction Potential( *

)2H 2 e" 2 )" 2.%

CoH!H e" CoH2 1.%2


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Cr2=2"H 14


22/22

NaHH e" Na "2.1

iHH e" i "!.04

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Constants acids and bases