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Presentation Summary Report of a library usage study Examined recent library purchases and circulated and ILL titles To find out if and how library purchases met user needs A look at the kinds of data that can be generated and some ways of interpreting that data. Study findings may help reshape local practice of collection development 3
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Considering the Value of Usage Data for Better Collection Strategies
Forrest Link Yuji Tosaka
Cathy Weng
VALE Annual Users’ Conference January 4, 2013
Rutgers University
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PresentersForrest LinkAcquisitions LibrarianThe College of New Jersey
Yuji TosakaCataloging/Metadata LibrarianThe College of New Jersey
Cathy WengHead of CatalogingThe College of New Jersey
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Presentation Summary• Report of a library usage study• Examined recent library purchases and circulated
and ILL titles• To find out if and how library purchases met user
needs • A look at the kinds of data that can be generated
and some ways of interpreting that data.• Study findings may help reshape local practice of
collection development
How the Story Begins
• Charleston Conference 2011– Richard Entlich of Cornell presents on the capture and use
of ILS data• June 2012– TCNJ Library forms new committee to develop and
implement collection development policy• July 2012– TCNJ Library hires a new librarian for Access Services and ILL
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The College of New Jersey• The College
– Public, primarily undergraduate with graduate programs in nursing and education
– Approximately 6,100 undergraduates, 650 graduate students, 350 full time faculty
• The Library– Holds over 600,000 volumes – Acquires approximately 4,100 books annually– Borrows approximately 1,400 unique books
annually through ILL – Circulates approximately 15,000 unique titles
annually
*Images taken from TCNJ website, May 3, 2011.
Notes on Collection Development
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Library Collection Development
• To develop a quality collection in support of community’s academic needs – Budgeting– Selection (including withdrawal)– Collection evaluation– Policy formation (*)
* About Collection Development at Cornell University (http://www.library.cornell.edu/colldev/cddescript1.html) accessed Dec. 26, 2012.
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Rethinking Collection Development
• Long-standing “just in case” approach• “80/20 statistics” • “Overselection” vs. “Underselection”• Emphasis shifted to demand-based funding
and selection• Towards effective collection development
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Effective Collection Development
• To ensure a “return on investment”• Measured by collection use• Aim to avoid Type I and II errors– Type II errors: titles acquired but not used– Type I errors: titles used but not acquired
• Can be measured using circulation data and interlibrary loan data (ILL)
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Measuring Collection Use
• Circulation statistics– Titles that library acquired and used – Can identify needs in various subject areas – Can identify user groups (student or faculty)
• ILL titles– Reflect user needs that the library doesn’t own– Can identify user groups
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Study Questions
• What do ILL book requests and circulation data tell us about our collection use and patron needs?
• How can data analysis inform our collection development practices to better serve our patrons?
12
Beginning Assumptions
• Effective collection development can be measured by collection use
• Collection use = meeting user needs• User needs represented by titles– owned and circulated – not owned but borrowed via ILL
Data and Methods
Data Collection
• Data extracted for the study period (July 2008-June 2012) – List of books purchased during the study period– Circulation data for titles purchased for the
General Collection– ILL data for books borrowed
Data Sources
1) Acquisitions data– Voyager data for the past four FY periods (July
2008 — June 2012)– Recent publications with 2007 imprints or later
used to analyze circulation and ILL data
Imprint Dates for New AcquisitionsFY 2008—2011
Imprint Date Number of titles
% of total purchase
Cumulative % of total purchase
2005 341 2.1% 88.00%2006 591 3.7% 85.86%2007 1391 8.7% 82.16%2008 3290 20.6% 73.45%2009 3215 20.1%2010 2618 16.4%2011 1954 12.2%2012 642 4.0%
Note: Percents do not add up to 100% due to the exclusion of titles published outside the imprint dates above.
Cut-off date
Data Sources
2) Circulation data– Voyager data for the past four FY periods (July
2008 — December 2012)– General Collections (circulating)
Data Sources
3) ILL data– OCLC User Statistics for the past four FY periods
(July 2008 – June 2012)
Data Scope
• Included all faculty, graduate student and undergraduate transactions for books circulated and borrowed via ILL having imprint dates of 2007 onward
• Eliminated LC classes A, C, S, U, V because of very low acquisition rate– End result represented 82% of purchased books
and 30% of books borrowed on ILL
Measures
• Total user needs in a library1) Circulation of local library materials2) ILL requests for library materials that are not
locally available
• Focus on recent acquisitions
Testing the Assumptions
• What are we buying?• What are we circulating?• What are we borrowing on ILL?• How well have we done in collection building
to meet user needs?
Initial Findings
Data SetAcquired Books:Books Acquired 2008-2012 16,5752007 and later imprint 13,571
ILL:Books Borrowed 5,6362007 and later imprint minus LC class A,C,S,U,V 1,682Unique Titles 2007 and later imprint minus LC class A,C,S,U,V 1,483
Circulation:Books Circulated 127,374Unique Titles Circulated 60,273
Total books loaned 2007 and later imprint minus LC class A,C,S,U,V 10,269Unique titles 2007 and later imprint minus LC class A,C,S,U,V 5,043
B D E F G H J K L M N P Q R T Z0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
Subject Distribution of Unique Titles Acquired
B D E F G H J K L M N P Q R T Z0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%Subject Distribution of Circulation of Acquired Titles
Total Circulation TransactionsUnique Titles Circulated
B D E F G H J K L M N P Q R T Z Total0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
Subject Distribution of Unique Circulation as a Percentage of Acqui-sitions
B D E F G H J K L M N P Q R T Z0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
Subject Distribution of Unique Title ILL Borrowing
B D E F G H J K L M N P Q R T Z0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
Acquisitions, ILL, and Circulation Data Comparison by Subject
ACQ CIRC
ILL
Another Way of Looking at the Data
• If Lending = User needs met and• Lending = Circulation + ILL• Then (ILL / (Circulation + ILL)) = the part of
lending that is ILL or the portion of user needs not met by our collection
B D E F G H J K L M N P Q R T Z Total0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
Subject Distribution of ILL as % of Lending
B D E F G H J K L M N P Q R T Z Total0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
Subject Distribution of ILL as % of Unique Title Lending
B D E F G H J K L M N P Q R T Z0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
ILL Subject Distribution by Borrower Type
FacultyUndergradGrad
B D E F G H J K L M N P Q R T Z0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
ILL Borrowing by Subject by Borrower
FacultyUndergradGrad
B D E F G H J K L M N P Q R T Z0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
Circulation by User Group
FacultyUndergradGrad
B D E F G H J K L M N P Q R T Z0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Unique Title Circulation by Subject by Group
FacultyUndergradGrad
Some Rethinking
• Maybe we’re looking at this incorrectly• Maybe all borrowing (via ILL or our acquired
collection) is not equal, not all “need”• Maybe we’re looking at “The Long Tail”
A Brief Digression• The Long Tail
The Light Bulb
CROSS STITCH ART NOUVEAU / HAMMET, BARBARA. TT
STELLA MCCARTNEY / ALDRIDGE, REBECCA.TT505.M34 A43 2011
VERA WANG /KROHN, KATHERINE E.
TT505.W36 K76 2007
VERA WANG : ENDURING STYLE /KROHN, KATHERINE E.
TT505.W36 T63 2009
101 FABULOUS FAT-QUARTER BAGS /HAWLEY, M'LISS RAE, 1956-
TT667 .H395 2008
JAPANESE KIMEKOMI : FAST, FUN, AND FABULOUS FABRIC HANDBALLS / SUESS, BARBARA B.
TT751 .S92 2008
CROSS STITCH CUTIES.TT778.C76 C76 2007
CROSS STITCH WIT & WISDOM : OVER 45 DESIGNS WITH WORDS TO BRIGHTEN YOUR DAY / ELLIOTT, JOAN.
TT778.C76 E45 2007
WOMAN'S WORLD IN CROSS STITCH : OVER 40 DESIGNS TO MAKE YOU SMILE / ELLIOTT, JOAN.
TT778.C76 E45 2008
BEWITCHING CROSS STITCH / ELLIOTT, JOAN.TT778.C76 E45 2008
DONNA KOOLER'S ULTIMATE STOCKING COLLECTION : 15 OF DONNA'S FAVORITE CROSS STITC
TT778.C76 K66 2007
ORIENTAL CROSS STITCH / TEARE, LESLEY.TT778.C76 T35 2007
FANTASY CROSS STITCH : 60 SPELL-BINDING DESIGNS / TEARE, LESLEY.TT778.C76 T428 2008
ALL OUR YESTERDAYS : CROSS STITCH COLLECTION : 33 CHARMING DESIGNS FROM BYGONE D WHITTAKER, FAYE.
TT778.C76 W45 2007
STUMPWORK MEDIEVAL FLORA / NICHOLAS, JANE.TT778.S75 N53 2009X
KNITKNIT : PROFILES + PROJECTS FROM KNITTING'S NEW WAVE /
GSCHWANDTNER, SABRINA.
TT820 .G84 2007
TOP DOWN SWEATERS : KNIT TO FIT, TOP TO BOTTOM /MARQUART, DOREEN L.
TT820 .M32 2007
KNITTING ART : 150 INNOVATIVE WORKS FROM 18 CONTEMPORARY ARTISTS / SEARLE, KAREN.
TT820 .S44 2008
CHEMO CAPS & WRAPS / ELLISON, CONNIE.TT825 .C386 2010
CABLE CONFIDENCE : A GUIDE TO TEXTURED KNITTING /HARPER, SARA LOUISE, 1963-
TT825 .H25647 2007
KNIT ALONG WITH DEBBIE MACOMBER. 10 SHAWLS TO MAKE AND SHARE. FRIENDSHIP SHAWLS
TT825 .K55F75 2008
AFGHANS FOR ALL REASONS & ALL SEASONS : 29 CROCHETED AFGHANS / LEINHAUSER, JEAN.
TT825 .L456 2007
GRAMMY'S FAVORITE KNITS FOR BABY /MARQUART, DOREEN L.
TT825 .M2678 2011
VAMPIRE KNITS : PROJECTS TO KEEP YOU KNITTING FROM TWILIGHT TO DAWN /
MILLER, GENEVIEVE, 1969-
TT825 .M564 2010
KNIT KIMONO : 18 DESIGNS WITH SIMPLE SHAPES /SQUARE, VICKI, 1954-
TT825 .S71385 2007
MAKING HISTORY : QUILTS & FABRIC FROM 1890-1970 /BRACKMAN, BARBARA.
TT835 .B64215 2008
QUILTING DESIGNS FROM THE PAST : 300+ DESIGNS FROM 1810-1940 /
KINNEY, JENNY CARR, 1951-
TT835 .C376 2008
CATHEDRAL WINDOW QUILTS : THE CLASSIC FOLDED TECHNIQUE AND A WEALTH OF VARIATION
EDWARDS, LYNNE, 1943-
TT835 .E378 2008
QUICK STAR QUILTS & BEYOND : 20 DAZZLING PROJECTS, CLASSROOM-TESTED TECHNIQUES,
KRENTZ, JAN P., 1955-
TT835 .K7685 2009
FOOLPROOF MACHINE QUILTING : LEARN TO USE YOUR WALKING FOOT : PAPER-CUT PATTERNS MASHUTA, MARY.
TT835 .M38428 2008
PAULA NADELSTERN'S KALEIDOSCOPE QUILTS : AN ARTIST'S JOURNEY CONTINUES.
NADELSTERN, PAULA.
TT835 .N3275 2008
COMPLETE BOOK OF CHINESE KNOTTING : A COMPENDIUM OF TECHNIQUES AND VARIATION CHEN, LYDIA, 1940-
TT840.M33 .C46 2007
Caution in using ILL Data
• Purpose of ILL service– To meet academic needs (e.g., multidisciplinary
titles)– To meet user needs of general interest outside
curriculum scope– For recreational purposes
• Take above factors into consideration when considering user-initiated acquisitions
Early Conclusions• We have made some inaccurate assumptions – all need is not equal
• The question is not “What should we buy?” but “Should we buy?”
• We cannot judge the usefulness of a book without expert mediation
• Findings can shed light on effectiveness of collection development practices
Post Study Questions
• What constitutes a good academic collection?• Should ILL requests continue be seen as needs
in the long tail or are we looking at the cutting edge?
• If ILL needs represent more than just long tail, should the library re-examine our collection development policy?
Thank You!
Questions?
Forrest Link, [email protected] Tosaka, [email protected] Weng, [email protected]