CONSERVATION OF KEMAITAN (Lunasia amara Blanco), … · Kemaitan included in the list of medicinal plants that need special attention because of its damaged conditions in the forest,

CONSERVATION OF KEMAITAN (Lunasia amara Blanco), POTENTIAL MEDICINAL PLANT IN BOGOR BOTANIC GARDENS

Presented on Forest and Medicinal Plant Seminar August 10th -12th , 2013

Ria Cahyaningsih

OUTLINES

INTRODUCTION

METHODS

RESULT AND DISCUSSION

CONCLUSION

INTRODUCTION

Indonesia's forests are mostly in the form of the largest tropical rainforest in the world and has the second highest level of biodiversity in the world (Forest Watch Indonesia 2011)

Many benefits provided by forest, one of them is plants. Many potential medicinal plants are yet to be cultivated so are taken directly from the forest

Kemaitan (Lunasia amara Blanco) is well known by some ethnic groups in Indonesia in traditional medicine, such as ethnic Central Sulawesi and the Moluccas

Introduction (Continued…) Problems

• Kemaitan: slow growing species • Trees in the forest are often found

to be damaged or killed due to exploitation, in the form of logging, carried out by local inhabitants

• Propagation and cultivation of this plant is minimal

Forest Watch Indonesia (2011): • During 2000-2009 : deforestation

reach 15.16 million ha. • Deforestation also occurs in: Protected Forest: 2.01 million ha;

Conservation Areas: 1.27 million ha.

Conservation of Kemaitan is important

Introduction(Continued…)

Objective

to provide information about the ex situ conservation of

kemaitan as a potential medicinal plant conducted by

PKT KR-LIPI Bogor.

Bogor Botanic Gardens

as an ex situ plant conservation organization that has a

variety of tropical plant species, plays a role in

preservation of plants from the threat of extinction in

their natural habitats (Sari et al. 2005)

METHODS

Literature study

Data inventory made of records from the Collection Registration of Bogor Botanic Gardens

plant receipt, living cards, death cards, and herbarium

RESULT AND DISCUSSION

About Kemaitan

Local name: kamaitan, maitan (Jawa), pamaitan (Madura), sanrego, pingsang (Sulawesi), or makelun, halaluna, bungkus kusu (Maluku)

Family Rutaceae, subfamily Toddalioideae, and genus Lunasia. Lunasia amara Blanco (1873) status: unresolved name.

Sinonym: Rabelaisia parvifolia Planch (1845), Pilocarpus amara (Blanco) Blanco (1845), Lunasia quercifolia (Warb.) Lauterb. & K.Schum (1900), dan Lunasia amara Blanco var. amara (1967).

Kemaitan origins to Malesia and Australasia (Australia-Queensland) , clump distributed.

Habitat: barren and rocky mountain, bare rock reef near the shore, 55-570 m asl , thin solum, temperature 23-28°C, RH 85-99%

Bark, leaves, and fruit are harvested by demand

Propagation: layering, seed. In vitro culture failed (Denish, 2007 )

Figure 1. Collection of Kemaitan in PKT KR Bogor-LIPI

Kemaitan Description Dioecious, evergreen, up to12 m

height and 15 cm in diameter,

rarely branched and all parts

covered with scale-like. Leaves

alternate, simple, crowded

towards the tip of branchlets,

oblanceolate to obovate,

elliptical or lanceolate, with

scattered oil dots; Inflorescence

is an axillary panicle,; sepals

ovate, 0.5 mm long; petals

obovate, 1 mm long, greenish-

yellow to white; stamens 1 mm

long; rudimentary gynoecium

pulvinate. Female inflorescence

up to 25 cm x 2 cm; sepals greenish-yellow to white;

Seed is obovoid, dark brown to reddish-brown, with fleshy oily cotyledons,

endosperm absent. Plant is flowering and fruiting throughout the year

RESULT AND DISCUSSION (Continued)

Content and Utilization of Kemaitan

contains compounds and terpenoid alkaloids. Some 13 alkaloid kinds were identified in various plant parts

Utilization: herbal to cure swelling of body parts and skin disease, improve sexual activity and treating erection dysfunction, eye inflammation or irritation, treat snake bites, digestive system and arrow poison antidote.

The way to use: Boiling, Mashing, or heating the bark / leaves / seeds, either for external use or drink (depend on purpose)

Table 1. Kemaitan collection (Lunasia amara Blanco) in Bogor Botanic Gardens

Result and Discussion(Continued…) Kemaitan Conservation in Bogor Botanic Gardens

No. Accession and Acc. No. Source Habitat Form of Material Planting Year Planting Location Date of Death

1 Lunasia amara Blanco

B200009568

Supriori Mt.

Utr.,Ds.Sapendoderi,Kec.Sup

riori Ut.

Shaded area Plant No information No information At nursery


B200512451

Pakeman, Bande Alit 50 m asl Plant No information No information At nursery


B20090621

Wakai, Batudaka Island Shaded area Plant January 21st, 2013 XXIV.A…


var.genuina Hochr.

B200706105

Propagation from vak

III.F.52;N. Sulawesi;

Manado

Plant June 20th, 2007 III.F.107


B199308109

Borneo: Kab. Hulu Sungai

Selatan, Kec. Loksado, Ds.

Lumpangi, CA.Kentawan

100-300 m asl Plant April 29th, 2006 XXIV.B.XX.21


B200310613

Propagation from VII.E.153 Plant October 16th, 2003 XXIA.A.189


B199308109

Borneo: Kab. Hulu Sungai

Selatan, Kec. Loksado, Ds.

Lumpangi, CA.Kentawan

100-300 m asl Plant October 16th, 2003 XXIA.A.190


B199512121

Sulawesi: Kab. Bone;

Luwu;Manili;

Bukit Karabe

70 m asl Plant March 22nd, 2001 III.F.103-103a-103b


var.genuina Hochr.

-

Propagation from III.F.52;

Sulawesi (N):Minahasa

Layering January 25th, 1978 III.F.76


var.costulata Hochr.

B196006641

Propagation from VII.E.23a;

Java

Layering June 11th, 1960 VII.E.153


var.genuina Hochr.(Hochr.)

-

Sulawesi:

Minahasa

April 23th, 1895 XII.B.VI.145 Aug 25th, . 1985


var.genuina Hochr.(Hochr.)

-

Sulawesi:

Minahasa

March 15th, 1894 III.F.52-52a Feb. 3rd, 1975


var.costulata Hochr.(Hochr.)

-

Java March 1894 VII.E.23-23a Feb. 1st, 1969

Kemaitan Collected in Bogor Botanic Gardens has two variation:

Lunasia amara var.genuina (from Sulawesi)

Lunasia amara var.costulata (from Java)

Result and Discussion(Continued…)

distinguishing

morphological

characteristics: leaf size and leaf edges

Figure 2. Kemaitan herbarium collected in PKT KR Bogor-LIPI (left: Lunasia amara var.genuina; right: Lunasia amara var.costulata)

Result and Discussion(Continued…)

• The Botanical Garden have opportunity to utilize

more effective collection in global climate change

research activities linking biodiversity conservation

and making it useful (Donaldson 2009).

• With a collection of living and herbarium of kemaitan

in PKT KR Bogor-LIPI, various types of research can

be organized, including either the conventional

propagation or tissue culture, genetic conservation,

including domestication efforts of this plant for the

benefit of the wider community.

CONCLUSION Kemaitan included in the list of medicinal plants that

need special attention because of its damaged conditions in the forest, slow growing species type and a little cultivation efforts.

Kemaitan contains has potential to treat various diseases

Collections were obtained from exploration and layering of living collection.

Both the living collection and herbarium in PKT KR Bogor-LIPI can be used as material for various kinds of research, to further develop kemaitan.

THANK YOU

Lunasia amara var costulata 3 10x (nail polish) Lunasia amara var guinea 2 10x (nail polish)

Documents

CONSERVATION OF KEMAITAN (Lunasia amara Blanco), … · Kemaitan included in the list of medicinal plants that need special attention because of its damaged conditions in the forest,