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Cng ngh XML v WEB ng ngha
The Semantic WEB
1Trn Nguyn Ngc - HVKTQS - 2012
Gio vin
Trn Nguyn Ngc Ni cng tc: b mn Khoa hc my tnh, Khoa
CNTT, HVKTQS Hng nghin cu: X l tn hiu hnh nh, Tr
tu nhn to, L thuyt iu khin ti u, Khaiph d liu
Lin h: email [email protected] cell. 0948435163; tng 2 nh A1
Lch gp sinh vin: Th 4 hng tun 14h15 n14h45 ti nh A1
Trn Nguyn Ngc - HVKTQS - 2012 2
mailto:[email protected]
Mn hc
Cng ngh XML v Web ng ngha- XML Technologies and the Semantic Web thucnhm chuyn ngnh Khoa hc my tnh
S bui hc: 15
Thi: Vn p trn bi tp ln
Cc mn hc lin quan: CTDL>, Multimedia, Tr tu nhn to, Lp trnh mng, Khai ph dliu
Trn Nguyn Ngc - HVKTQS - 2012 3
Cc ni dung chnh ca mn hc
Lch s hnh thnh v nhu cu pht trin web ng ngha.
Ontology nn tng xy dng Web ng ngha
Gii thiu Ngn ng truy vn SPARQL
Cng ngh XML v cc xu hng pht trin
Bi ton Xy dng h thng web ng ngha
Webcrawler v khai thc thng tin t Web ng ngha
Trn Nguyn Ngc - HVKTQS - 2012 4
Ti liu c bn
Google Semantic Web
Michael C. Daconta,Leo J. Obrst, Kevin T. Smith. The Semantic Web - A Guide to the Future of XML, Web Services, and Knowledge Management , Wiley 2003.
T. Berners-Lee, J. Hendler, O. Lassila, The Semantic
Web, Scientific American, May 2001.
D. Brickley, R.V. Guha, Resource Description Framework (RDF) Schema Specification, World Wide Web Consortium, Proposed recommendation 2001.
Trn Nguyn Ngc - HVKTQS - 2012 5
Ti liu c thm
http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-query/ SPARQL Query Language for RDF -
http://www.w3schools.com/rdf/default.asp. http://razor.occams.info/semweb. (Th vin
semweb) RDF Resource Description Framework http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-primer/ OWL Web Ontology Language http://www.w3.org/TR/owl-features/ http://protege.stanford.edu/
Trn Nguyn Ngc - HVKTQS - 2012 6
http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-query/http://www.w3schools.com/rdf/default.asphttp://razor.occams.info/semwebhttp://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-primer/http://www.w3.org/TR/owl-features/http://protege.stanford.edu/
Mt s yu cu
Chun b ti liu tham kho
Trang b k nng tm ti liu vi Google
Ci t th vin v chun b mi trng lptrnh
C im chuyn cn >5, im thng xuyn>4
Tch cc trao i, lm vic theo nhm
Trn Nguyn Ngc - HVKTQS - 2012 7
Gii thiu XML
Extensible Markup Language
Mc tiu
Gii thiu tng quan v ngn ng XML
Lm quen vi mt s mi trng son tho
XML n gin
Gii thiu
XML(Extensible Markup Language): ngn ng nh dng m rng.
XML l ngn ng c nh ngha bi t chc mng ton cu(World Wide Web Consortium) thng c vit tt W3C.
XML l mt ngn ng tng qut dng nh ngha d liu thng qua cc th.
XML l mt chun khng ph thuc vo bt k mt h iu hnh no.
Ngn ng nh dng
(markup Language)
Ngn ng nh dng l tt c nhng g dng m t ni dung mt ti liu.
V d
Cho cc bn n vi th gii ca HTML
Cho cc bn n vi th gii ca HTML
Ngn ng nh dng
(Markup Language)
Kt qu ca trang HTML trn trnh duyt IE.
Ngn ng nh dng
(Markup Language)
HTML thc hin nh dng bng cc th(
tags) nh ,
Th ch cho trnh duyt bit cch hin th ni
dung ti liu.
Tt c nhng g m ngn ng nh dng th
hin l cung cp thng tin v cch thc trnh
by ni dung ti liu.
HTML v XML
C hai u l ngn ng nh dng(nh dng
theo ngha cch quy nh x l v cha
ni dung ti liu).
HTML s dng cc th c nh ngha v
quy nh sn.
XML a ra mt s quy tc cho php ngi
dng t nh ngha cc th.
Ngn ng XML
V d:
Chao Cac Ban
Chao cac ban den voi the gioi cua XML
Ngn ng XML
Tt c cc ch th ca XML u c bt u bng .
Cc th do ngi dng t nh ngha chng hn nh , , .
Th lun bt u bng < v kt thc bng >.
Phi c th m v ng duy nht cho ton b ti liu (root).
Hin th ti liu XML
Trnh duyt ch c th hin th file XML bng cch d ton b ni dung file XML ln mn hnh.
nh kiu XML
nh dng file XML bng CSS(Stylesheet).
nh dng file XML bng XSLT.
CSS v XSLT dng nh kiu v bin i
XML hin th d liu pha ngi dng
khng khc g HTML.
Dng DOM, SAX rt trch d liu t file
XML kt hp vi cc th nh dng ca
HTML hin th pha ngi dng.
nh kiu XML
V d: vi file XML nh v d trc, kt hp vi XSLT nh kiu nh sau:
nh kiu XML
V d(tt):
Chao Cac Ban
Chao cac ban den voi the gioi cua XML
nh kiu XML
Hin th ti liu XML trong trnh duyt IE
Trnh duyt XML
InternetExplorer (IE)
Vn l trnh duyt XML mnh nht hin nay.
Cho php dng Javascript lp trnh v truy xut d liu
XML.
Ngoi ra cn h tr c Jscript, Vbscript.
H tr CSS.
Netscape Navigation 6
Phin bn 6.0 h tr XML kh chun.
H tr CSS
H tr cc ngn ng XML m rng.
Trnh son tho XMLWriter
ng dng XML
XML c th to ra tp cc ngn ng con
khc.
ng dng XML mang ngha cho bit mt
tp cc th hay tp con XML hot ng ring
trong mt lnh vc no .
MathML: nh dng cc biu thc, k hiu
ton hc.
CML: Ngn ng nh dng ha hc.
ng dng XML
CDF: khun dng nh ngha knh(Channel
Definition Format).
SMIL: ngn ng tch hp multimedia ng
b.
XHTML: dng m rng v nh ngha li
ngn ng nh dng HTML.
XUL: ngn ng cu hnh giao din ngi
dng
ng dng XML
VML: ngn ng nh dng Vector(Vecter
markyp Language).
WML: Ngn ng nh dng mng khng dy.
SOAP: Giao thc truy cp i tng n
gin(Simple Object Access Protocol)
Kt lun
Tng quan v XML
ng dng m XML t c hin nay.
Lc XML
(XML Schema)
Mc tiu
c v to XML Schema
Lm th no s dng c XML Schema
trong ng dng.
V sao XML Schema mnh hn DTD
Gii thiu
V s phc tp ca khai bo DTD, t chc W3C a ra mt gii php tng qut hn DTD l khai bo v nh ngha cc phn t trong ti liu XML theo lc XML (XML Schema).
kim tra tnh hp l ca ti liu XML bng lc XML Schema, ta dng cc b kim tra c php lc (Schema Checker).
Gii thiu
nh ngha nhng phn t xut hin trong ti liu XML.
nh ngha nhng thuc tnh xut hin trong ti liu.
nh ngha quan h phn t cha con
nh ngha th t cc phn t con
nh ngha s phn t con
nh ngha phn t rng hay cha d liu text
nh ngha kiu d liu ca phn t v thuc tnh
nh ngha gi tr mc nh ca thuc tnh v phn t
Ti sao XML s dng XML Schema?
D dng m t ni dung ti liu v dng
chnh c php XML nh ngha
D kim tra tnh hp l ca ti liu
D nh ngha v mt d liu (data facet)
D dng nh ngha d liu mu (data
patterns)
D chuyn i kiu d liu ny sang kiu d
liu khc
V d
Note.xml
Tove
Jani
Reminder
Don't forget me this weekend!
V d (tt)
Note.dtd
V d (tt) Note.xsd
V d (tt)
Ti liu XML c tham chiu file DTD
Tove
Jani
Reminder
Don't forget me this weekend!
V d (tt)
Ti liu XML tham chiu lc XML
Tove
Jani
Reminder
Don't forget me this weekend!
Lc XML Phn t
l phn t gc ca mi lc XML Schema.
...
...
Trong lc XML Schema cha mt vi thuc tnh nh sau:
...
...
Lc XML Phn t
xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema ch
ra cc phn t v kiu d liu dng trong lc t
http://www.w3.org/2001/XML. Ch nh ny bo cho
b kim tra c php lc rng tt c cc phn t
dng trong ti liu XML u c khai bo trong
namespace "http://www.w3schools.com.
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.w3schools.com
note.xsd"
nh ngha phn t n
Phn t n l phn t ch cha d liu text,
khng cha cc phn t khc hay thuc tnh.
Kiu text trong XML Schema c th l kiu
boolean, string, date
C php nh ngha mt phn t n:
nh ngha phn t n
Trong xxx l tn ca phn t v yyy l kiu d
liu ca phn t.
XML schema xy dng sn nhiu kiu d liu.
Mt vi kiu d liu ph bin:
xs:string
xs:decimal
xs:integer
xs:boolean
xs:date
xs:time
V d
Trong ti liu XML c cc phn t sau:
Refsnes 36
1970-03-27
nh ngha trong XML Schema nh sau:
t gi tr mc nh cho phn t n
Gi tr mc nh:
Dng Default: phn t s c t ng gn gi tr mc nh
nu n khng c gn bi gi tr khc c.
Dng Fixed: gi tr ca phn t s c gn bng gi tr mc
nh v khng thay i.
V d:
To cc kiu d liu n gin
Restriction: dng nh ngha cc gi tr cho phn t hay thuc tnh trong ti liu XML.
Restriction trn gi tr:
V d: mun nh ngha mt phn t tn l AGE v gi tr ca n ch nm t 0 n 120.
To cc kiu d liu n gin
Restriction trn mt tp cc gi tr:
V d: nh ngha mt phn t CAR m gi tr ca n nm trong tp cc gi tr sau: BMW, TOYOTA, FORD
To cc kiu d liu n gin
Restriction trn mt tp cc gi tr:
Vi v d trn c cch vit tng t:
To cc kiu d liu n gin
Restriction trn mt chui cc gi tr:
V d: nh ngha mt phn t LETTER m gi tr ca n ch l mt trong cc k t thng t a n z:
To cc kiu d liu n gin
Restriction trn mt chui cc gi tr:
V d: nh ngha mt phn t initials m gi tr ca n l 3 k t ch hoa a n z:
To cc kiu d liu n gin
Restriction trn mt chui cc gi tr:
V d: nh ngha mt phn t initials m gi tr ca n l 3 k t ch hoa a n z hoc ch thng t a n z:
To cc kiu d liu n gin
Restriction trn mt chui cc gi tr:
V d: nh ngha mt phn t choice m gi tr ca n l 3 k t ch thng t x, y hoc z:
To cc kiu d liu n gin
Restriction trn mt chui cc gi tr:
V d: nh ngha mt phn t prodid m gi tr ca n l mt s 5 ch s t 0 n 9:
To cc kiu d liu n gin
Restriction trn mt chui cc gi tr:
V d: nh ngha mt phn t letter m gi tr ca n l khng c hoc l mt chui gm nhiu k t thng t a-z:
To cc kiu d liu n gin
Restriction trn mt chui cc gi tr:
V d: nh ngha mt phn t letter m gi tr ca n l mt hoc nhiu cp k t m mi cp l mt k t thng km theo mt k t hoa sau n: (sToP, khng c l STOP hay StOp):
To cc kiu d liu n gin
Restriction trn mt chui cc gi tr:
V d: nh ngha mt phn t gender m gi tr ca n l mt trong hai gi tr male hoc female:
To cc kiu d liu n gin
Restriction trn mt chui cc gi tr:
V d: nh ngha mt phn t password m gi tr ca n bt buc phi l 8 k t, cc k t c th l hoa hoc thng t a n z v ch s t 0 n 9:
To cc kiu d liu n gin
Restriction trn chiu di:
V d: nh ngha mt phn t password m gi tr ca n l mt chui 8 k t
To cc kiu d liu n gin
Restriction trn chiu di:
V d: nh ngha mt phn t password m gi tr ca n l mt chui >= 5 v
Bi tp
Bi 1:
Mt chng trnh qun l thng tin sinh vin, v im cc mn hc m h ng k lu cc thng tin sau: sinh vin gm m s sinh vin, h tn sinh vin, lp. Mt mn hc m sinh vin ng k hc gm c thng tin m mn hc, tn mn hc, s tn ch, vi mi mn hc m sinh vin ng k hc th s c kt qu cui k chnh l im thi m sinh vin t c trong mn .
Yu cu: nh ngha lc XML Schema vi yu cu nh sau:
Bi tp
MSSV: l mt chui cc k t s c chiu di 7 k
t.
Lp ca sinh vin l mt trong nhng gi tr ca
tp hp gm cc lp {CTK28, CTK28CD, CTK29,
CTK29CD, CTK30, CTK30CD, CTK31,
CTK31CD}.
M mn hc l mt chui 4 k t, hai k t u l
ch ci, hai k t sau l s.
S tn ch ca mn hc >= 1 v =0 v
Bi tp
Bi 4
Mi n hng, ngi ta cn lu cc thng tin
sau: M khch hng, tn khch hng, a ch lin
lc v mt danh sch nhng mt hng ngi
mua. Danh sch mt hng gm c nhiu mt
hng khc nhau, mi mt hng gm nhng thng
tin sau: M mt hng, tn mt hng, s lng,
n gi.
nh ngha XMl Schema vi yu cu nh sau:
Bi tp
MaKH v MaMH: l mt chui 4 k t trong hai
k t u l ch ci, hai k t sau l k s.
DiaChi: l mt chui cc k t vi nh dng nh
sau: bt u phi l s nh, sau n tn ng.
S lng v n gi l kiu s v phi l s
dng.
Bi tp
Bi 5:
Cho cu trc XML lu tr thng tin nhng cun sch
c xut bn theo tng lnh vc. Mi lnh vc c tn v
c th cha c sch xut bn hoc cng c th c nhiu
cun. Mi cun sch c thng tin mt ta duy nht, mt
hay nhiu tc gi, mi tc gi li c thng tin m tc gi,
tn tc gi, a ch, s in thoi vi m tc gi, tn tc gi
l duy nht cho mi ngi, a ch email, s in thoi c
th khng c hoc ch c mt thng tin c nht cho mi
ngi
Hy nh ngha XML Schema.
Bi tp
M sch v m tc gi l mt chui gm 4 k t
trong hai k t u l ch v hai k t sau l
s.
a ch email l mt chui vi nh dng
##@##.##.
S in thoi l mt chui cc k s vi nh dng
sau: MaVung.SoDT
mailto:#@##.##
nh ngha thuc tnh
Mt phn t n gin th khng c thuc tnh.
C php nh ngha thuc tnh:
Trong : xxx l tn thuc tnh
yyy l kiu d liu ca thuc tnh
V d: vi phn t c thuc tnh nh sau:
Smith th nh ngha thuc tnh nh sau:
nh ngha thuc tnh
Cc kiu d liu ca thuc tnh: xs:string
xs:decimal
xs:integer
xs:boolean
xs:date
xs:time
Ch nh rng buc v tr mc nh cho thuc tnh: Required: yu cu thuc tnh phi c v c gn gi tr trong th
Optional: thuc tnh c th c hoc khng
Fixed: gi tr thuc tnh phi uc gn c nh v khng thay i.
Default: nu thuc tnh khng c gn gi tr th gi tr mc nh trong lc s l gi tr ca thuc tnh.
S dng t kha use ch nh rng buc cho thuc tnh.
V d
nh ngha phn t phc tp
Phn t phc tp l phn t cha cc phn t khc
hay cc thuc tnh.
C 4 loi phn t phc tp:
Nhng phn t rng
Phn t cha cc phn t khc
Phn t cha d liu text
Phn t cha c d liu text v c cc phn t
Mi loi phn t ny c th cha nhiu thuc tnh
Mt v d phn t phc
V d phn t rng:
Phn t Employee cha cc phn t khc
John
Smith
Phn t Food ch cha kiu d liu text
Ice cream
Phn t description cha c text v phn t khc
It happened on 03.03.99 ....
nh ngha phn t phc tp
V d, vi phn t employee
John
Smith
ta c nh ngha nh sau:
nh ngha phn t phc tp
V d, vi phn t employee
John
Smith
ta c th dng thuc tnh tham chiu n phn t khc:
nh ngha phn t phc tp Ta cng c th nh ngha mt phn t phc tp da trn c s mt phn t phc
tp khc c v thm vo mt s phn t.
nh ngha phn t phc tp
Phn t rng:
V d 1:
V d 2:
tng t
nh ngha phn t phc tp Phn t cha cc phn t khc:
V d: nh ngha phn t person nh sau:
John
Smith
ta nh ngha nh sau:
Ch : th t th t xut hin ca cc phn t trong ti liu.
nh ngha phn t phc tp
nh ngha phn t cha d liu text
V d:
.... ....
hoc
.... ....
nh ngha phn t phc tp
nh ngha phn t cha d liu hn hp
V d: ta nh ngha phn t nh sau:
Dear Mr.John Smith.Your order 1032will be shipped on 2001-07-
13.
Khi ta nh ngha nh sau:
Mt s ch nh
Th t:
All: cc phn t con c th xut hin theo th t bt k
Choice: ch nh hoc iu ny xy ra hoc iu khc xy ra
Mt s ch nh
Th t:
Sequence: yu cu cc phn t con xut hin theo ng th t
Ch nh s ln: maxoccur
v d trn ch nh rng child_name xut hin t nht 1 ln v nhiu nht 10 ln
minoccur
Mt s ch nh
Ch nh nhm: c th nh ngha v gom cc phn t li thnh mt nhm. Nhm ging nh biu thc () trong DTD
nh ngha mt nhm ta dng c php sau:
...
V d mun c gi c th va mn sch va mn tp ch, ta gom phn t books v magazines vo thnh mt nhm
Mt s ch nh
Ta c th kt hp all (cc phn t trong nhm phi xut hin ng thi trong ti liu hoc khng xut hin ln no c), choice, sequence khi nh ngha nhm
Mt s ch nh
Ta c th nh ngha mt nhm, v nh ngha nhm khc tham chiu n n
Khng gian tn min (Namespace)
Thuc tnh
xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation
Khi trong lc XMLSchema khng yu cu
namespace. ch nh v tr cho lc
XMLSchema khng dng target namespace.
Khng gian tn min (Namespace)
V d: sinhvien.xsd
Khng gian tn min (Namespace)
V d(tt): sinhvien.xml
0413213
Nguyen Quang Dung
Khng gian tn min (Namespace)
Thuc tnh xsi:SchemaLocation
Thuc tnh ny c dng trong ti liu
XMLSchema c target namespace. Danh
sch anyURI mi phn t l mt cp gm
namesapce v m t v tr ch nh.
Khng gian tn min (Namespace)
V d: sinhvien.xsd
Khng gian tn min (Namespace)
V d(tt): sinhvien.xml
0413113
Nguyen Van Hung
CSS
(Cascading Style sheet)
Gii thiu
CSS vit tt ca Cacasding Style Sheet.
Ch nh cch hin th ca cc phn t HTML.
CSS l mt s t ph trong thit k web bi v:
N cho php ngi pht trin ng dng web kim sot
c kiu v cch b tr nhiu trang web mt lc.
nh ngha mt ln v p dng cho tt c cc trang khc.
Sa mt ln v tt c cc trang t ng cp nht thay i
C php CSS
selector {property: value}
Trong :
selector l tn th hay phn t mun nh ngha.
Property l thuc tnh bn mun thay i.
Value: l gi tr thuc tnh. Nu gi tr c nhiu t th phi
t trong du nhy kp
V d:
body {color: black}
p {font-family: "sans serif"}
C php CSS
Nu c nhiu thuc tnh mun nh ngha th phi phn cch nhau bng du ;
V d: p {text-align:center;color:red}
nh ngha d c c th t cc thuc tnh nh ngha cc dng khc nhau
V d:
P
{
text-align: center;
color: black;
font-family: arial
}
C php CSS
Chng ta c th nh ngha mt nhm cc phn t v phn cch gia cc phn t bng du,
V d:
h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6
{
color: green
}
nh ngha lp: dng nh ngha kiu khc nhau cho cng mt th
V d:p.right {text-align: right}
p.center {text-align: center}
Trong ti liu HTML s dng thuc tnh nh sau:This paragraph will be right-aligned.
This paragraph will be center-aligned.
C php CSS
Ta c th p dng mt hoc nhiu lp vo trong mt phn t
V d:
This is a paragraph.
lp center v lp bold cng c p dng cho phn t p
Chng ta cng c th nh ngha lp dng cho mi phn t C php: .tenlop {cc nh ngha}
V d:
.center {text-align: center}
p dng lp center vo cho cc th, v d
This heading will be center-aligned
This paragraph will also be center-aligned.
C php CSS
C th p dng kiu cho phn t c gi tr thuc tnh tha mt gi tr c th no .
V d:
Input[type="text"] {background-color: blue}
v d trn p dng kiu cho phn t Input vi gi tr thuc tnh type phi bng text
C th nh ngha kiu cho phn t bng nh danh
v d:
#green {color: green}
p#para1{text-align: center;color: red}
C php CSS
Ch thch: dng du /* v */ ch thch trong CSS.
/* This is a comment */
p
{
text-align: center;
/* This is another comment */
color: black;
font-family: arial
}
S dng CSS nh th no?
V d1:
This header is 36 pt
This header is blue
This paragraph has a left margin of 50 pixels
S dng CSS nh th no?
V d 1(tt): file ex1.css
body { background-color: yellow }
h1 { font-size: 36pt }
h2 { color: blue }
p { margin-left: 50px }
Hin th:
S dng CSS nh th no
V d 2 (tt):
S dng CSS nh th no? V d 2 (tt): file ex2.css
body {background-color: tan}
h1 {color:maroon; font-size:20pt}
hr {color:navy}
p {font-size:11pt; margin-left: 15px}
a:link {color:green}
a:visited {color:yellow}
a:hover {color:black}
a:active {color:blue}
Hin th:
S dng CSS nh th no?
Khi trnh duyt c mt sheet style, n s nh dng ti liu theo style sheet . C 3 cch a style sheet vo ti liu: Style sheet ngoi: dng khi mun p dng kiu cho nhiu
trang. Mi trang mun link n style sheet th phi dng th
V d:
S dng CSS nh th no?
Style sheet ni: nn s dng khi ch kiu ch dng cho mt trang ring. nh ngha style sheet ni trong th
V d:
hr {color: sienna}
p {margin-left: 20px}
body {background-image: url("images/back40.gif")}
S dng CSS nh th no? Inline style: dng inline style s mt mt s li ch ca style sheet bi v n kt hp ni dung vi
trnh din.
This is a paragraph
Multiple style sheet: c mt vi thuc tnh c t cng tn nhng khc style sheet, gi tr s k tha t nhiu style sheet ch nh.
style sheet ngoi nh ngha h3 nh sau:
h3
{
color: red;
text-align: left;
font-size: 8pt
}
v style sheet ni nh ngha h3 nh sau:
h3
{
text-align: right;
font-size: 20pt
}
Khi trang c style sheet ni trn nu dng style sheet ngoi th kt qu l
color: red;
text-align: right;
font-size: 20pt
CSS Background
Thuc tnh CSS backgound cho php bn iu chnh c mu nn ca mt phn t, cho php t hnh lm nn, t lp li nhiu ln hnh theo chiu ngang hay dc lm nn, t v tr ca hnh trong trang.
Thuc tnh M t Gi tr
Background A shorthand property for
setting all background
properties in one declaration
background-color
background-image
background-repeat
background-attachment
background-position
background-repeat Sets if/how a background
image will be repeated
repeat
repeat-x
repeat-y
no-repeat
Background-attachment Sets whether a background
image is fixed or scrolls with
the rest of the page
scroll
fixed
http://www.w3schools.com/css/pr_background.asphttp://www.w3schools.com/css/pr_background-repeat.asphttp://www.w3schools.com/css/pr_background-attachment.asp
CSS BackGround
background-color Sets the background color of an
element
color-rgb
color-hex
color-name
transparent
background-image Sets an image as the background url(URL)
none
background-position Sets the starting position of a
background image
top left
top center
top right
center left
center center
center right
bottom left
bottom center
bottom right
x% y%
xpos ypos
http://www.w3schools.com/css/pr_background-color.asphttp://www.w3schools.com/css/pr_background-image.asphttp://www.w3schools.com/css/pr_background-position.asp
CSS Text CSS Text nh ngha cho s xut hin ca Text
CSS Text cho php bn iu khin s xut hin ca text, t
mu, tng gim khong cch gia cc k t, cn l,
CSS Text
CSS Font
CSS Font nh dng font cho text
CSS Font
CSS Font
CSS Border CSS Border: nh ngha ng vin xung quanh phn t.
Cc thuc tnh trong CSS Border cho php nh ngha kiu v mu
ca ng vin bao quanh phn t.
CSS Border
CSS Borber
CSS Border
CSS Margin CSS Margin nh ngha khong cch (l) xung quanh phn t
CSS Margin
CSS Padding
CSS Padding: nh ngha khong cch gia border v ni dung.
CSS List CSS List: cho php t mt danh sch, thay mt danh
sch khc, t hnh cho danh sch
CSS List
nh dng ti liu XML
dng bng nh kiu (CSS)
V d
Ta c mt file data.xml nh sau:
Gio trnh XML
Nguyn Thin Bng
Cho mng cc bn n vi XML. XML l mt ngn ng dng qun l d liu hnh thc ngn gn, d dng cho vic qun
l.
Thut ng nh du ni n cc m hay cc du hiu bn a vo mt ti liu ch ra cch hin th d liu cho ti liu .
V d
Dng trnh duyt hin th ti liu data.xml:
Gii thiu CSS
CSS c chun ha bi W3C, c 3 cp
CSS c sn: CSS1, CSS2, CSS3. CSS1 c
tt c nhng g cn cho hin th ti liu XML.
Cc trnh duyt IE h tr rt tt cho CSS1.
CSS ch yu dng bng nh kiu. Bng nh
kiu l tp hp cc quy tc v kiu ch ra cc
nh dng phn t.
Gii thiu
V d: ch ra quy tc cho phn t l
ch m, c ch 36, canh gia ta nh ngha
CSS nh sau:
title {display:block; font-size: 36pt; font-
weight: bold; text-align: center;}
Trong : title c gi l b chn. Dislpay,
font-size, font-weight,text-align l thuc tnh
CSS
Gii thiu To bng nh kiu cho v d trn nh sau:
title
{
display:block;
font-size: 36pt;
font-weight: bold;
text-align:center;
}
author
{
display:block;
font-size:16pt;
text-align:center;
text-decoration:underline
}
paragraph
{
display:block;
margin-top:10
}
Gii thiu
Hin th trn trnh duyt v d trn khi kt hp vi bng nh kiu CSS:
Kt hp CSS vi ti liu XML
C hai cch a CSS vo ti liu HTML: dng bng nh kiu chung vi ti liu HTML hoc dng bng nh kiu lu thnh mt file ring bit vi HTML.
Vi XML th ch c mt cch a CSS vo ti liu l lu thnh tp tin ring v a vo ti liu XML ch th x l nh sau:
V d trc,ch th x l trong ti liu XML l:
To b chn cho bng nh kiu
Quy tc to b: ch ra phn t no mun nh dng bn dng b chn trong
bng nh kiu CSS. B chn c tn l tn phn t bn mun nh kiu.
V d: c t title nh sau:
title { display:block; font-size: 36pt; font-weight: bold; text-align:center;}
Nu cc phn t c cng c t ging nhau, bn c th nhm chng li v phn cch bng du ,.
V d: gi s title v book c cng c t
title, book { display:block; font-size: 36pt; font-weight: bold; text-align:center;}
To b chn cho bng nh kiu
To lp nh kiu: C th khng cn ch ra tn phn t hoc cc phn t theo
th t to b chn. Thay vo bn dng nh ngha lp nh kiu. To lp bng cch c du . trc tn lp.
V d: trong file data.css, ta nh ngha lp standout nh sau:
.standout { color:cyan; background-color: coral}
p dng lp vo trong phn t title ca ti liu data.xml nh sau:
Gio trnh XML
Kt qu khi duyt:
To b chn cho bng nh kiu
To b chn cho bng nh kiu
nh dng bng ID: ngoi cch to lp nh kiu ta
cn c th chn phn t cn nh dng bng nh
danh ID v s dng gi tr ID cho phn t.
C php: elementName#idValue
V d: trong v d trn, trong file data.css ta nh ngha
paragraph nh sau:
paragraph#first{text-indent:40; margin-top: 30}
trong ti liu data.xml ta sa nhsau:
..
Trn Nguyn Ngc
ng dng c tin nhanh
s dng RSS
Trn Nguyn Ngc
Gii thiu
RSS l g?
RSS l mt nh dng tp tin thuc h XML (ngn
ng nh du m rng, mt chun dng m t
d liu)
c dng trong vic chia s tin tc Web
(Web syndication) c dng bi nhiu
website tin tc v nht k trc tuyn
Trn Nguyn Ngc
M hnh hot ng
Web pagesRSS file
Chy ng
dng c
RSS
Trn Nguyn Ngc
V d
CNN.com
Trn Nguyn Ngc
V d
Vnexpress.net
Trn Nguyn Ngc
Chng trnh minh ha
Trn Nguyn Ngc
Chng trnh minh ha
Trn Nguyn Ngc
Cu trc file RSS
Trn Nguyn Ngc
Version Control System
Ti liu gc
ver1 ver2 ver3 vern
del1 del2 Deln-1
..
Trn Nguyn Ngc
Version Control System
p dng vo cc h thng a ngi dng:
Cc ng dng qun tr ni dung.
Cc ng dng qun l ti liu in t.
Cc ng dng cn c s thay i cu trc
thng xuyn.
Trn Nguyn Ngc
SCORM
Tp cc chun v c t c xy dng nhm cung cp cc quy tc chun ha cho vic trin khai vic dy v hc tp qua mng.
Cc thnh phn ca
Manifest :
Meta-data : Siu d liu
m t v gi ni dung
Organization : m t cu
trc ni dung hoc t chc
cc ti nguyn hc tp
Resources: nh ngha cc
ti nguyn hc tp c
gp vo trong gi ni dung.
Trn Nguyn Ngc
Visualization
Visualization l mt k thut biu din thng
tin mt cch trc quan sinh ng. D liu
c biu din dng XML.
Cng ngh XML v WEB ng ngha
Introduction to The Semantic WEB
1Trn Nguyn Ngc - HVKTQS - 2012
Thng tin v internet
World Wide Web (WWW) l mi trng ttcho vic biu din v truy cp thng tin dngs.
Thng tin trn WWW c biu din ch yu di dng ngn ng t nhin (cctrang Web trn ngn ng HTML).
My tnh v ngi hiu khc nhau!
Mong mun: machine-readable & machine analysis
Trn Nguyn Ngc - HVKTQS - 2012 2
Bi ton tm kim thng tinInformation Retrieval
Information retrieval (IR) l qu trnh tm kim dliu (thng l tm didng mt on vn bn) t mt tp hp ln cci tng khng c cutrc tng minh (thngl text lu tr trong mytnh) nhm p ng mtnhu cu v thng tin
Trn Nguyn Ngc - HVKTQS - 2012 3
Cng c tm kim trc tuyn
Trn Nguyn Ngc - HVKTQS - 2012 4
Thc cht google lm g?
Gi i mt yu cu (query) nh sau
http://www.google.com.vn/#sclient=psy-ab&hl=vi&source=hp&q=seantic+web+l%C3%A0+gi%3F&pbx=1&oq=seantic+web+l%C3%A0+gi%3F&aq=f&aqi=&aql=&gs_sm=e&gs_upl=910l13129l0l14005l24l20l3l0l0l1l827l4892l0.13.3.2.0.1.1l23l0&bav=on.2,or.r_gc.r_pw.,cf.osb&fp=2b8791cc67af876b&biw=1280&bih=683
Trn Nguyn Ngc - HVKTQS - 2012 5
Hin nay lm th no my tnh hiuyu cu?
Boolean retrieval: thit k v cu trc d liucho mt h thng thu thp thng tin n gin
Quy trnh Hot ng:
1. Xy dng Boolean model, m hnh logic dng thu thp thng tin.
2. Biu din yu cu di dng biu thc logic
3. Search engine tr v tt c cc ti liu thamn biu thc logic
Kho d liu khng l
Vi 1M ti liu vn bn lu tr, mi vn bn ckhong 1000 t tch ri
Suy ra: tng s 1 t t tch ri (tnh c trngnhau)
Trung bnh k|h|o||n|g| 6 bytes cho mt ttch ri ra (tnh c du cch du biu cm)
Suy ra kho d liu khong 6GB Gi s ch c khong 500K t -> cn lp bng
thng k vi s lng: 500000*1000000=5*10^11
Search engine
Vn cu trc d liu text
HTML (Hyper text markup language)
XML (Extensible Markup language)
SIML (Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language) http://www.w3.org/Audio
HTML
HTML l ch vit tt ca Hyper Text Markup Language (Ngn ng hin thsiu vn bn).
- Mt file HTML l mt file text bao gm nhng tag nh - Nhng tag hin th ni cho trnh duyt bit n phi hin th trang nh
th no - Mt file HTML phi c phn m rng l .htm hoc .html - Mt file HTML c th c to bi mt trnh son tho n gin. y l on vn
y l mt on vn khc Vn ca HTML l n c thit k nh trong ngh ca con ngi. Cho
d thng tin trn HTML khng c th hin trn mt trnh duyt thchng ta vn on bit
Con ngi chng ta u c tr thng minh hiu c ngha v mcch ca hu ht cc vn bn. Tuy nhin mt c my li khng nh th. Khicc th trong ti liu ny ch cho mt trnh duyt cch th hin thng tin, th bn thn cc th li khng ch cho trnh duyt thng tin l g
XML
Lp XML Extensible Markup Language l mt mrng ca ngn ng nh du cho cc cc cu trcti liu bt k
I just got a new pet dog.
I
just got a new pet
dog.
Web c ng ngha
Ngi sng lp: Tim Berners_Lee gim c tchc World Wide Web Consortium (http://www.w3c.org)
Trn Nguyn Ngc - HVKTQS - 2012 12
http://www.w3c.org/http://www.w3.org/People/Berners-Lee/
nh ngha ca Tim Berners Lee
Semantic web nh mt s m rng ca web hin ti m trong thng tin c x l mtcch t ng bng my tnh, lm cho my tnhv con ngi c th hp tc vi nhau.
Trn Nguyn Ngc - HVKTQS - 2012 13
Semantic l g?
Ti yu em = Tui iu iem = I love you = Ti iuem= Anh yu em = Em yu anh =
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CU TRC
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CHI TIT
Tng Unicode & URI: Nhm m bo vic s dng tpk t quc t v cung cp phng tin nhm nh danhcc i tng trong Semantic Web.
Tng XML, Namespace & XMLSchema: Tng ny bom rng chng ta c th tch hp cc nh nghaSemantic Web vi cc chun da trn XML khc.
Tng RDF & RDFSchema [RDFS]: Tng ny dng siu dliu m t ti liu trn web m my tnh c th hiuc. y cng l lp m chng ta c th gn cc kiucho cc ti nguyn v lin kt. V cng l lp quantrng nht trong Semantic Web.
Trn Nguyn Ngc - HVKTQS - 2012 16
CHI TIT Tng Ontology : cung cp t vng chung cho vic
trao i thng tin gia cc ng dng v dch v Web.
Lp Digital Signature: Lp ny c dng cho cctng( tng RDF RSFS, Ontonogy, Logic, Proof) cdng xc nh ch th ca ti liu, nhm m bo tin cy ca ti.
Tng Logic: Tng logic c xem nh l mt c s luttrn Semantic Web.
Tng Proof: dng chng minh cc suy din ca hthng bng cch lin kt cc d kin.
Tng Trust: Trust engine l mt h thng ang angc xy dng da trn nn tng ca ch k in t.
Trn Nguyn Ngc - HVKTQS - 2012 17
C WEB NG NGHA CN G?
Ontology v cc ngn ng dng biu din ng ngha thng tin.
Cc cng c to nn phn ng ngha cng nh cu trc h tng caWeb c ng ngha.
Cc ng dng s dng Web c ngngha.
Trn Nguyn Ngc - HVKTQS - 2012 18
SEMANTIC WEB SERVICES V WEB SERVICES
Trn Nguyn Ngc - HVKTQS - 2012 19
T HC
Nghe bi ging trn youtube
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rhgUDGtT2EM&feature=related
Trn Nguyn Ngc - HVKTQS - 2012 20
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rhgUDGtT2EM&feature=related
RDF n tp & thc hnh
1Trn Nguyn Ngc - HVKTQS - 2012
RDF
RDF = Resource Description Framework
http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-primer/
Triples : Subject Predicate Object
Graph model
2Trn Nguyn Ngc - HVKTQS - 2012
V d
3Trn Nguyn Ngc - HVKTQS - 2012
Resources
URI
Qualified names
rdf: http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
dc: http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
Literals
4Trn Nguyn Ngc - HVKTQS - 2012
Cc k hiu: hnh oval, ch nht
5Trn Nguyn Ngc - HVKTQS - 2012
Blank nodes
exstaff:85740 my:hasAddress _:a1 . _:a1 my:street "Malostranske nam. 25" . _:a1 my:city "Prague" . _:a1 my:zipCode "11800"
6Trn Nguyn Ngc - HVKTQS - 2012
RDF/XML ObjectLiteral
7Trn Nguyn Ngc - HVKTQS - 2012
Biu din nt trng (blank nodes)
8Trn Nguyn Ngc - HVKTQS - 2012
Containers
Dng biu din nhm cc ngun tin hock t din gii ni dung.
rdf:Bag, rdf:Seq, rdf:Alt
9Trn Nguyn Ngc - HVKTQS - 2012
Collections
10Trn Nguyn Ngc - HVKTQS - 2012
Tm tt cc dng c bn
rdf:type
rdf:Bag, rdf:Seq, rdf:Alt, rdf:_1,
rdf:List, rdf:first, rdf:rest, rdf:nil
rdf:Statement, rdf:subject, rdf:predicate, rdf:object
11Trn Nguyn Ngc - HVKTQS - 2012
RDFa Resource Description Framework in attributes Chuyn RDF vo XHTML pages RDF2RDFa Converter RDFa Developer : rdfadev.sourceforge.net/
12Trn Nguyn Ngc - HVKTQS - 2012
http://rdfadev.sourceforge.net/
Video lectures
The Semantic Web - An overview
13Trn Nguyn Ngc - HVKTQS - 2012
Thc hnh
Thit k RDF graph biu din cc thng tin vsinh vin v cc mi quan h vi gio vin, mn hc
To file RDF
Nghin cu chuyn i RDF->RDFa
Tm hiu RDFa Developer Tool
14Trn Nguyn Ngc - HVKTQS - 2012
Cng ngh XML v WEB ng ngha
Khung m t d liu RDF
1Trn Nguyn Ngc - HVKTQS - 2012
Ni dung chnh
Nhc li m hnh cu trc web ng ngha
D liu lin kt
Khi nim khung m t d liu RDF
tng xy dng RDF da trn nn tng XML
Trn Nguyn Ngc - HVKTQS - 2012 2
Nhc li
Trn Nguyn Ngc - HVKTQS - 2012 3
D liu lin kt - Linked Data
Web ng ngha khng ch n thun a dliu ln web, vn quan trng cn l a racc ng link my hoc con ngi c thtip tc tm kim, truy cp d liu.
D liu lin kt gip m rng phm vi tmkim
Links cn c hiu ngha rng
Trn Nguyn Ngc - HVKTQS - 2012 4
Cch thc pht trin d liu lin kt
S dng URIs thay cho tn gi
S dng HTTP URIs con ngi c th tracu tn
Khi tm kim mt URI cn cung cp y thm cc thng tin hu ch thng qua ccchun (RDF, SPARQL)
Cho thm ng dn vo cc URIs c thpht hin thm thng tin
Trn Nguyn Ngc - HVKTQS - 2012 5
4 nguyn l nn tng
Tim Berners- Lee tm tt 4 nguyn l nn tng cho hot ng ca d liu lin kt trong bi vit Design Issues: Linked Data (2006):
- S dng cc URIs xc nh, t tn cc thc th- S dng giao thc HTTP URI con ngi c th tm kim, duyt chng- Cung cp thng tin hu ch ( siu d liu, m t c cu trc) v cc thc th c t tn khi URI ca chng c duyt- Cha cc lin kt n cc URIs khc lin quan trong d liu va c duyt gip c th duyt cc thng tin khc lin quan.
Trn Nguyn Ngc - HVKTQS - 2012 6
Web look-up
Cch n gin nht l trong mt file thng tin vi tng ny s dng URI tr ti i tng khc(kiu danh sch lin kt)
V d trong http://example.org/smith C thng tin
Bin th - Bn ca bn
Friend-Of-A-Friend (foaf)
foaf:knows [foaf:mbox ;rdfs:seeAlso ].
c l: Ti bit ngi c email [email protected], cn chi tit thng tin cth xem ti a chhttp://example.com/foaf/joe
Trn Nguyn Ngc - HVKTQS - 2012 8
http://foaf-project.org/mailto:[email protected]://example.com/foaf/joe
Cc chun cho d liu lin kt
RDF, RDFa, RDF/XML, N3, Turtle
RDF - Resource Description Framework, nh dng d liu cho php m t thc th, ti nguyn v quan h ni ti gia chng bng b ba i tng thuc tnh gi tr ( subject predicate object).
RDFa (RDF in attributes) b sung tp cc thuc tnh m rng cho XHTML nhng siu d liu trong vn bn web.
N3 (Notation3): c php phi XML ca RDF, c thit k d c hn so vi cc ch thch RDF/XML.
Turtle (Terse RDF Triple Language) nh dng tun t ha cho cc th RDF, tp con ca N3.
Trn Nguyn Ngc - HVKTQS - 2012 9
RDF & RDFShttp://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-primer/
Trn Nguyn Ngc - HVKTQS - 2012 10
RDF = Resource Description Framework a ch tham kho : http://www.w3.org/RDF RDF - graphical formalism ( + XML syntax +
semantics) Dng biu din metadata M t ng ngha ca thng tin theo cch my tnh c
th hiu
RDFS = RDF + schema vocabulary, v d: Class, Property type, subClassOf, subPropertyOf range, domain
V d v RDF
Tran Nguyen Ngoc
Dr.
Trn Nguyn Ngc - HVKTQS - 2012 11
Minh ha v hot ng RDF
Trn Nguyn Ngc - HVKTQS - 2012 12
M hnh c bn ca RDF
Ti nguyn (Resources): l tt c nhng gc m t bng biu thc RDF.
Thuc tnh (Properties): thuc tnh, c tnh, hoc quan h dng m t tnh cht ca tinguyn.
Tuyn b /pht biu(Statements)
Trn Nguyn Ngc - HVKTQS - 2012 13
Ti nguyn Resources?
Tt c mi i tng c m t bi RDF u coi l tinguyn, v d: ngi, sch,ni dung trang web, ccphn t XML, cc i tng c th lin kt t trangweb ti
Ti nguyn c nh danh bi Uniform Resource Identifiers(URI) - chui k t c sp xp theo mt cphp nht nh nhn dng cc ti nguyn trn web (gm ti liu, hnh nh, tp tin, dch v, hp th int, v.v.)
Hnh thc ph bin nht ca URI l URL (Uniform Resource Locator), gip cc chng trnh c th truycp n a ch ca cc ti nguyn mt cch n gin.
Trn Nguyn Ngc - HVKTQS - 2012 14
Thuc tnh
L cc du hiu, c im ca ti nguyn
Dng m t ti nguyn: (bi ht) c biudin bi; (c gi) hai mi tui;
Thuc tnh cng c th c nh danh bicc URIs
Trn Nguyn Ngc - HVKTQS - 2012 15
Statements
Nhm mc ch khng nh thuc tnh ca tinguyn
Cu trc mt pht biu bao gm
Subject (i tng): chnh l ti nguyn
Predicate (thuc tnh): l thuc tnh ca tinguyn
Object (gi tr) :l gi tr ca thuc tnh ca tinguyn
Trn Nguyn Ngc - HVKTQS - 2012 16
V d v mt pht biu
Trn Nguyn Ngc ging dy Cng ngh XML v Web ng ngha.
Trn Nguyn Ngc - HVKTQS - 2012 17
Subject (Resource) Cng ngh XML v Web ngngha
Predicate (Property) ging dy
Object (Literal) Trn Nguyn Ngc
Cng ngh XML v Web ng
ngha
Trn Nguyn Ngcging dy
Ba cch biu din mt Pht biu
Dng b ba (RDF triple) SPO (Subject, Predicate, Object )
Dng th (RDF graph): Cc node trong th c th l cc subject v object , cung (arc) trong thi l cc predicate. Cung lun bt u t subject n object
Dng XML code
Trn Nguyn Ngc - HVKTQS - 2012 18
V d: v lin kt cc mnh
Trn Nguyn Ngc dy mn Semantic Web
Trn Nguyn Ngc lm vic ti HVKTQS
Semantic Web l mn hc chuyn ngnhKHMT
Trn Nguyn Ngc c cp bc i y
Trn Nguyn Ngc - HVKTQS - 2012 19
Cu trc file RDF/XML
M hnh RDF th hin mt m hnh mc tru tng nhngha metadata (d liu v d liu).
August 16,1999
Trn Nguyn Ngc - HVKTQS - 2012 20
Cu trc c bn [1] RDF ::= [''] description* ['']
[2] description ::= '' propertyElt* '' [3] idAboutAttr ::= idAttr | aboutAttr [4] aboutAttr ::= 'about="' URI-reference '"' [5] idAttr ::= 'ID="' IDsymbol '"' [6] propertyElt ::= '' value ''| '' [7] propName ::= Qname [8] value ::= description | string [9] resourceAttr ::= 'resource="'tham chiu URI'"' [10] Qname ::= [ NSprefix ':' ] name [11] URI-reference ::= string, interpreted per [URI] [12] IDsymbol ::= (bt k ID no hp l no ca XML) [13] name ::= (bt k tn hp l no ca XML) [14] NSprefix ::= (bt k tip u ng namespace hp l no) [15] string ::= (bt k chui no)
Trn Nguyn Ngc - HVKTQS - 2012 21
Khi nim namespace v qualified name
Namespace l mt tp cc tn, c nh danh bi cc URI, c s dng trong cc ti liu XML nh cc element type v attribute name. Mt namespace c khai bo s dng mt tp cc thuc tnh c c nh ngha. Tn ca mt thuc tnh phi c xmlns hay xmlns: nh l mt tip u ng.
Qualified name (QName) bao gm mt tip u ng c gn trc bi mt URI theo sau l du : v tn cc b.
Trn Nguyn Ngc - HVKTQS - 2012 22
V d khai bo Namespace
NSAttName ::= PrefixedAttName| DefaultAttNamePrefixedAttName ::= 'xmlns:' NCNameDefaultAttName ::= 'xmlns' NCName ::= (Letter | '_') (NCNameChar)* NCNameChar ::= Letter | Digit | '.' | '-' | '_' | CombiningChar | Extender
Trn Nguyn Ngc - HVKTQS - 2012 23
V d khai bo Qname
QName::= (Prefix ':')? LocalPartPrefix::= NCNameLocalPart::= NCName
Trn Nguyn Ngc - HVKTQS - 2012 24
Th rdf:RDF
Cho bit rng ni dung XML tip theo dng m t RDF. T kha ny xc nh ti liu nyc biu din di dng RDF.
Tip theo l phn khai bo XML namespace c s dng trong ti liu, ty vo nhu cuv mc s dng m ta c th dng ccnamespace khc nhau cho tng ti liu.
Trn Nguyn Ngc - HVKTQS - 2012 25
Th rdf:Description v rdf:about
M t subject ca pht biu
Th bt u rdf:Description cho bit bt um t v resource, v tip tc nh danhresource ny dng thuc tnh rdf:about chra URI ca subject resource.
Trn Nguyn Ngc - HVKTQS - 2012 26
RDF container
Trn Nguyn Ngc - HVKTQS - 2012 27
RDF collection
Trn Nguyn Ngc - HVKTQS - 2012 28
Cng ngh XML v WEB ng ngha
Khung m t d liu RDF
1Trn Nguyn Ngc - HVKTQS - 2012
Ni dung chnh
Nhc li m hnh cu trc web ng ngha
D liu lin kt
Khi nim khung m t d liu RDF
tng xy dng RDF da trn nn tng XML
Trn Nguyn Ngc - HVKTQS - 2012 2
Nhc li
Trn Nguyn Ngc - HVKTQS - 2012 3
D liu lin kt - Linked Data
Web ng ngha khng ch n thun a dliu ln web, vn quan trng cn l a racc ng link my hoc con ngi c thtip tc tm kim, truy cp d liu.
D liu lin kt gip m rng phm vi tmkim
Links cn c hiu ngha rng
Trn Nguyn Ngc - HVKTQS - 2012 4
Cch thc pht trin d liu lin kt
S dng URIs thay cho tn gi
S dng HTTP URIs con ngi c th tracu tn
Khi tm kim mt URI cn cung cp y thm cc thng tin hu ch thng qua ccchun (RDF, SPARQL)
Cho thm ng dn vo cc URIs c thpht hin thm thng tin
Trn Nguyn Ngc - HVKTQS - 2012 5
4 nguyn l nn tng
Tim Berners- Lee tm tt 4 nguyn l nn tng cho hot ng ca d liu lin kt trong bi vit Design Issues: Linked Data (2006):
- S dng cc URIs xc nh, t tn cc thc th- S dng giao thc HTTP URI con ngi c th tm kim, duyt chng- Cung cp thng tin hu ch ( siu d liu, m t c cu trc) v cc thc th c t tn khi URI ca chng c duyt- Cha cc lin kt n cc URIs khc lin quan trong d liu va c duyt gip c th duyt cc thng tin khc lin quan.
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Web look-up
Cch n gin nht l trong mt file thng tin vi tng ny s dng URI tr ti i tng khc(kiu danh sch lin kt)
V d trong http://example.org/smith C thng tin
Bin th - Bn ca bn
Friend-Of-A-Friend (foaf)
foaf:knows [foaf:mbox ;rdfs:seeAlso ].
c l: Ti bit ngi c email [email protected], cn chi tit thng tin cth xem ti a chhttp://example.com/foaf/joe
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http://foaf-project.org/mailto:[email protected]://example.com/foaf/joe
Cc chun cho d liu lin kt
RDF, RDFa, RDF/XML, N3, Turtle
RDF - Resource Description Framework, nh dng d liu cho php m t thc th, ti nguyn v quan h ni ti gia chng bng b ba i tng thuc tnh gi tr ( subject predicate object).
RDFa (RDF in attributes) b sung tp cc thuc tnh m rng cho XHTML nhng siu d liu trong vn bn web.
N3 (Notation3): c php phi XML ca RDF, c thit k d c hn so vi cc ch thch RDF/XML.
Turtle (Terse RDF Triple Language) nh dng tun t ha cho cc th RDF, tp con ca N3.
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RDF & RDFShttp://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-primer/
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RDF = Resource Description Framework a ch tham kho : http://www.w3.org/RDF RDF - graphical formalism ( + XML syntax +
semantics) Dng biu din metadata M t ng ngha ca thng tin theo cch my tnh c
th hiu
RDFS = RDF + schema vocabulary, v d: Class, Property type, subClassOf, subPropertyOf range, domain
V d v RDF
Tran Nguyen Ngoc
Dr.
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Minh ha v hot ng RDF
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M hnh c bn ca RDF
Ti nguyn (Resources): l tt c nhng gc m t bng biu thc RDF.
Thuc tnh (Properties): thuc tnh, c tnh, hoc quan h dng m t tnh cht ca tinguyn.
Tuyn b /pht biu(Statements)
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Ti nguyn Resources?
Tt c mi i tng c m t bi RDF u coi l tinguyn, v d: ngi, sch,ni dung trang web, ccphn t XML, cc i tng c th lin kt t trangweb ti
Ti nguyn c nh danh bi Uniform Resource Identifiers(URI) - chui k t c sp xp theo mt cphp nht nh nhn dng cc ti nguyn trn web (gm ti liu, hnh nh, tp tin, dch v, hp th int, v.v.)
Hnh thc ph bin nht ca URI l URL (Uniform Resource Locator), gip cc chng trnh c th truycp n a ch ca cc ti nguyn mt cch n gin.
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Thuc tnh
L cc du hiu, c im ca ti nguyn
Dng m t ti nguyn: (bi ht) c biudin bi; (c gi) hai mi tui;
Thuc tnh cng c th c nh danh bicc URIs
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Statements
Nhm mc ch khng nh thuc tnh ca tinguyn
Cu trc mt pht biu bao gm
Subject (i tng): chnh l ti nguyn
Predicate (thuc tnh): l thuc tnh ca tinguyn
Object (gi tr) :l gi tr ca thuc tnh ca tinguyn
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V d v mt pht biu
Trn Nguyn Ngc ging dy Cng ngh XML v Web ng ngha.
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Subject (Resource) Cng ngh XML v Web ngngha
Predicate (Property) ging dy
Object (Literal) Trn Nguyn Ngc
Cng ngh XML v Web ng
ngha
Trn Nguyn Ngcging dy
Ba cch biu din mt Pht biu
Dng b ba (RDF triple) SPO (Subject, Predicate, Object )
Dng th (RDF graph): Cc node trong th c th l cc subject v object , cung (arc) trong thi l cc predicate. Cung lun bt u t subject n object
Dng XML code
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V d: v lin kt cc mnh
Trn Nguyn Ngc dy mn Semantic Web
Trn Nguyn Ngc lm vic ti HVKTQS
Semantic Web l mn hc chuyn ngnhKHMT
Trn Nguyn Ngc c cp bc i y
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Cu trc file RDF/XML
M hnh RDF th hin mt m hnh mc tru tng nhngha metadata (d liu v d liu).
August 16,1999
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Cu trc c bn [1] RDF ::= [''] description* ['']
[2] description ::= '' propertyElt* '' [3] idAboutAttr ::= idAttr | aboutAttr [4] aboutAttr ::= 'about="' URI-reference '"' [5] idAttr ::= 'ID="' IDsymbol '"' [6] propertyElt ::= '' value ''| '' [7] propName ::= Qname [8] value ::= description | string [9] resourceAttr ::= 'resource="'tham chiu URI'"' [10] Qname ::= [ NSprefix ':' ] name [11] URI-reference ::= string, interpreted per [URI] [12] IDsymbol ::= (bt k ID no hp l no ca XML) [13] name ::= (bt k tn hp l no ca XML) [14] NSprefix ::= (bt k tip u ng namespace hp l no) [15] string ::= (bt k chui no)
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Khi nim namespace v qualified name
Namespace l mt tp cc tn, c nh danh bi cc URI, c s dng trong cc ti liu XML nh cc element type v attribute name. Mt namespace c khai bo s dng mt tp cc thuc tnh c c nh ngha. Tn ca mt thuc tnh phi c xmlns hay xmlns: nh l mt tip u ng.
Qualified name (QName) bao gm mt tip u ng c gn trc bi mt URI theo sau l du : v tn cc b.
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V d khai bo Namespace
NSAttName ::= PrefixedAttName| DefaultAttNamePrefixedAttName ::= 'xmlns:' NCNameDefaultAttName ::= 'xmlns' NCName ::= (Letter | '_') (NCNameChar)* NCNameChar ::= Letter | Digit | '.' | '-' | '_' | CombiningChar | Extender
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V d khai bo Qname
QName::= (Prefix ':')? LocalPartPrefix::= NCNameLocalPart::= NCName
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Th rdf:RDF
Cho bit rng ni dung XML tip theo dng m t RDF. T kha ny xc nh ti liu nyc biu din di dng RDF.
Tip theo l phn khai bo XML namespace c s dng trong ti liu, ty vo nhu cuv mc s dng m ta c th dng ccnamespace khc nhau cho tng ti liu.
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Th rdf:Description v rdf:about
M t subject ca pht biu
Th bt u rdf:Description cho bit bt um t v resource, v tip tc nh danhresource ny dng thuc tnh rdf:about chra URI ca subject resource.
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RDF container
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RDF collection
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Ngn ng truy vn SPARQL
Cng ngh XML & Web ng ngha
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Ni dung
SPARQL l g
Gii thiu mt s tnh nng chnh
V d
Truy vn d liu RDF
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SPARQL l g?
Protocol And RDF Query Language Pht trin bi nhm thuc W3C: RDF data Access
Working Group RDF Graph l mt tp cc triple - b ba, mi triple bao
gm 3 subject, predecate v object. SPARQL l mt ngn ng truy cp thng tin t cc
th RDF Ngy 15 thng 2008, SPARQL tr thnh mt
khuyn co chnh thc ca W3C
http://www.slideshare.net/olafhartig/an-introduction-to-sparql
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http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/W3Chttp://www.slideshare.net/olafhartig/an-introduction-to-sparql
Cc tnh nng chnh
Trch thng tin trong cc dng URI
Trch thng tin t cc th con
Xy dng mt th RDF mi da trn thngtin trong th truy vn
(Trch bi phng vn Tim Berners-Lee)
A new query language, SPARQL (pronounced "Sparkle"), is designed to make Web pages easier for machines to read, allowing all sorts of different data to be put to work on the Web.
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V d cu truy vn SPARQL
Xt mt pht biu RDF triple SPO:
"SPARQL Tutorial
Cu truy vn tm ra tn quyn sch c cu trcgm mnh SELECT xc nh bin cha ktqu, mnh WHERE m t m hnh cha dliu cn tm dng RDF
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V d tm kim n gin
SELECT ?title WHERE { ?title . }
Kt qu thu c title= "SPARQL Tutorial"
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V d tm kim nhiu kt qu
Data
Query
Result
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Truy vn d liu RDF vi SPARQL
tng chnh ca cc cu truy vn SPARQL: khp mu (pattern matching) thng qua
M t cc th con ca th RDF c truyvn
th con ph hp vi m t s l kt qu
Thc cht: graph patterns
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V d v khp th
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Thnh phn mt cu truy vn y
nh ngha Prefix Xc inh bin kt qu t cc mnh truy vn SELECT,
DESCRIBE,ASK Phm vi d liu truy vn FROM Mu truy vn WHERE Hiu chnh kt qu: ORDER,LIMIT, OFFSET
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Truy vn SPARQL c bn
Basic graph pattern (BGP)l tp hp cc b ba(triples) c vit theo ng trnh t (SPO), nu c nhiu th phn bit bi du chm
V d
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Cc kiu truy vn
SELECT: trch xut cc gi tr th t SPARQL endpoint, cc kt qu c tr v trong mt nh dng bng.
CONSTRUCT: trch xut thng tin t SPARQL endpoint v chuyn kt qu thnh dng RDF hp l
ASK: cung cp cc kt qu dng True/False n gin cho cc truy vn trn SPARQL endpoint
DESCRIBE: trch xut mt th RDF t SPARQL endpoint, cc ni dung c a ti endpoint quyt nh da trn nhng thng tin c ch
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V d v cng c tm kim s dngSemantic web v kho d liu RDF
Swoogle Search Engine, SWSE
http://swse.deri.org/
http://swoogle.umbc.edu/
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http://swse.deri.org/http://swoogle.umbc.edu/
Thc hnh truy vn d liu viSPARQL
Semantic Web
Ti d liu RDF t internet
string uri = "http://www.mozilla.org/news.rdf";
MemoryStore store = new MemoryStore();
store.Import(RdfReader.LoadFromUri(new Uri(uri)));
Xem li bi Helloworld in d liu ra file hoc stdout
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Tm hiu v cch thc hin cu truyvn s dng th vin semweb
c query.html
Thc hnh to file cha d liu
Thc hnh to file cha cu truy vn
Truy vn d liu dng lnh
$ mono rdfquery.exe
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Qun l d liu truy vn
To: Query query; query = new SparqlEngine(new StreamReader(queryfile)); Load d liu MemoryStore data = new MemoryStore(); data.Import() To kho cha kt qu truy vn QueryResultSink sink = new
SparqlXmlQuerySink(Console.Out); Sa li thnh file thay v StdOut! Truy vn query.Run(data, sink);
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