Conflicts over tourism

KGA172 Space, Place and NaturePresented by Associate Professor Elaine StratfordSemester 2

Tourism Carl Spitzweg (1845) Engländer in der Campagna [19th Century English tourists in the Roman Campagna]

Grand Tour William Thomas Beckford“Map of grand tour taken by William Beckford in 1780, from London by boat to Ghent, and again by boat through Holland and Germany down the Rhine to Mannheim. Then he set off by coach for Ulm, Augsburg and Munchen, before crossing the border to Innsbruck, Austria. From there he went by horseback over the Brenner pass into Italy. From Trento he went to Bassano del Grappa and Treviso on to Venice. From Venice his itinerary was Vicenza, Verona, Mantua, Reggio, Bologna, Florence (where he took a side trip to Pistoia, Lucca, Pisa and Livorno), Siena, Radicofani, Lago di Bolsena, Viterbo and Lago di Vico, and Rome. After a stay in Rome he went on via Vellitri, Terracina, and Capua, to Naples, where he visited Capri, Vesuvius and Ischia” [Wikimedia Commons].

LOOKING BACK, LOOKING FORWARD

Part 1

Revising Lecture 3.81. Describe clearfell coupe and cable logging, and

explain their main characteristics and effects.2. What are the steps in, and what is the

ecological basis for, the silvicultural practices used in Tasmania?

3. What effects does logging have on:a) water yieldb) water qualityc) nutrient losses and gainsd) erosion and mass movemente) impacts of snig tracks, logging bays and bark

dumpsf) fireg) structural changeh) regeneration failuresi) weeds and pathogensj) climatic effects in forests

4. What is behind the idea of sustained yield?5. How are multiple uses accommodated in forest

management? What strengths and weaknesses does this model have?

6. What is the jobs argument for logging? Against it?

A Woman Thinking

Learning ObjectivesModule 3 Lecture 9• be able to

– appreciate how ecotourism developed and is described

– make reference to value conflicts in ecotourism

– provide various illustrations of tourism and recreation impacts and solutions in natural areas

KGA172• Know and be able to (a) employ basic

geographical terminology and concepts, (b) find, evaluate, analyse and reference appropriate literature, (c) contribute to debates about development and sustainability

• Comprehend and be able to explain spatial patterns, generate basic maps, field sketches and graphs, and communicate in written and graphical forms

• Apply key academic skills and (a) engage in critical thinking, discussion and listening, and in self-reflection and reflection upon the viewpoints of others and (b) research, plan and conduct fieldwork to collect data

• Analyse and interpret basic spatial, numerical and qualitative information

• Synthesize and integrate knowledge of social and Earth systems

Textbook Reading

Kianicka, S., M. Buchecker, et al. (2006) Locals' and Tourists' Sense of Place, Mountain Research and Development 26 (1) pp.55-63.

Kirkpatrick, J.B. (2001) Ecotourism, local and indigenous people, and the conservation of the Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage Area. Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand 31, pp.819-829.

Critical reading1.What is the author’s purpose?2.What key questions or problems does the author raise?3.What information, data and evidence does the author present?4.What key concepts does the author use to organize this information, this evidence?5.What key conclusions is the author coming to? Are those conclusions justified? 6.What are the author’s primary assumptions?7.What viewpoints is the author writing from?8.What are the implications of the author’s reasoning?[from Foundation for Critical Thinking]

Old Woman Reading a Lectionary, Gerard Dou

See also World Tourism Organisation

CONCEPTS AND VALUESPart 2

The International Ecotourism Society defines ecotourism as “responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment and improves the well-being of local people”. Eco guards, U.S. Ambassador R. Niels Marquardt, and head of WWF Cameroon Dr. Martin Tchamba in the East Province of Cameroon, June 2006.

Costa Rica Laos Indonesia

The commodification of nature?

Mexico Ecotourism

More and more citified urban dwellers who come to Mexico for vacation are exploring the Mexico eco tourism opportunities. The sad fact of life in countries with high population levels is that there is no pristine wilderness left to see in its original state. Mexico, however, is a country booming with eco tourism opportunities.Whether you are looking for small Indian villages surrounded by nature or to experience what a real jungle is like, Mexico is the place to go.

Mexican Government brochure

http://www.ecotourism.org.au/conference/about_05.asp

www.abs.gov.au

Rome, near Spanish Steps, September 2009E Stratford

http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Products/6C093476F4FFE758CA2577AD0018B1FF?opendocument

Environmental Values

Ecosystem services

Current use

Non-use Use

Ecocentric (nature-centred)

Anthropocentric (human-centred)

Future use (Option)

Existence Bequest

Direct

Spiritual

http://www.emirateshotelsresorts.com/al-maha/en/reserve/conservation/

CONFLICTS, CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS

Part3

Penguins in Antarctica. Dolphins in Scotland. Dingoes in Australia. They all face the same danger: Ecotourism. Ecotourism has been touted as the progressive answer to conserving land in less developed countries and regions -- allowing tourists from wealthy developed nations to come spend money in the name of visiting rain forests, safaris, and endangered species. The idea being that countries can preserve their natural heritage while making money -- in many cases, more money -- by bringing in vacationers. But ecotourists often create new problems and bring others with them, thus ecological and animal advocates need to think twice before signing on to promoting such an agenda uncritically.’

Vegan Blog March 2004