Conflicts in the Colonies

1675-1774

Chapter 4.4

Trouble on the FrontierSection objectives:

• Describe relations between English colonists and American Indians

• Analyze the reasons why French and English colonists were often at war

• Explain how the French and Indian War affected the British colonies

Relations with the American IndiansAs time went on, relations between the

Indians and colonists grew tense/untrusting• Colonists called the Indian Chief “King Philip”

because he compared himself to King Charles I• Indians wanted to protect their land from the

colonists

King Philip’s War (1675-1676)Fighting between Wampanoag Indians &

Allies vs. Colonists • Colonial militia fought the Indians

– Final tally: 600 colonists dead/3000 Indians dead VIDEO1

King Phillips’s War

Trade AlliancesNot all Indians fought the colonists

• Trade alliances made some tribes and colonists dependant upon each other. As a result:

– French allied themselves with the Algonquian and Huron Indians

– English allied themselves with the Iroquois

Conflicts with FranceKing William’s War (War of the League of Augsburg)

1689-1697• Fought in the frontier; didn’t change borders VIDEO2

Queen Anne’s War (War of Spanish Succession) 1702-1713 England against France & Spain

• English capture Port Royal in Canada/burned St. Augustine• England received Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Hudson Bay

VIDEO 3

Kings George’s War (War of Austrian Succession) 1740-1748

• Little impact on America -Video 4

Forts in the Ohio ValleyFrance wanted to protect the fur tradeEngland wanted in on the action

• France– Built forts near rivers (Ohio Valley Region)– Robert Dinwiddie (Virginia’s Lt. Governor) sent George

Washington to tell French to leave; they replied “No”– Led to increased tensions

French and Indian War (Seven Years War) 1754-1763 (England & Prussia vs. France, Spain, Austria)Advantages

• France– Strong central government, strategically placed forts, well

trained troops, extensive alliances with Indians

• England– Large colonial population, better navy, stronger economy, allied

with Iroquois

Many colonists realized that each colony being independent is a weakness in time of war – sent delegates to Albany, New York to work out a plan

• Ben Franklin proposed the Albany Plan of Union– Unite under one President General and a grand council– This was rejected

Political Cartoon!!!!!Albany Plan of the Union

While delegates were meeting in Albany, George Washington was fighting in the Ohio River ValleyFort Necessity

• Built by Washington and his men after being kicked out of Fort Duquesne site

– Many of Washington’s troops killed in battle with French– Washington surrendered July 4, 1754

• Due to alleged ineffectiveness of colonial soldiers, King George send General Ed Braddock to command British forces in North America

– British don’t trust colonial soldiers; fight in their traditional way - massacred

Fight for CanadaMany more British defeats but eventually French lose

some Indian allies• Fort Duquesne eventually taken by the British and renamed

Fort Pitt (today Pittsburgh )• Turning point came when British General James Wolfe

captured Quebec

Treaty of ParisChanges the balance of power in North America

• British gain all land east of Mississippi River (except New Orleans); get Florida from Spanish

• Spain only European competitor in North America• VIDEO 5, VIDEO 6

The Albany State of the UnionSong

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kz365CD0iWQ