Conflict Over ReligionIsraeli – Arab Conflict & Others

Not really Palestine conflict between arab states

Content Page

• Case Study : Arab Israeli Conflict– 4 major wars – 1948, 1956, 1967, 1973– Causes and Consequences of each war– Peace Establish– Recent Blows– Conclusion

• Conflict caused by Religion– Judaism Vs Islam– Israel Vs Arab (Muslim Countries)

Introduction on Conflict caused by Religion

• Used to justify action• Motivate Masses, garner support• Hardly ever the integral,

underlying reason (MAJOR ones)• Common Reasons:

– Property– Wealth– Influence– Power

• Religion for small matters.

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Population 50 folds

Territory 650 folds

GDP/Capita $18000 vs $3700

Israeli – Palestine Conflict

• Historical Claim over land• Date back to 1250 BC • Canaan (Israel)• Roman 2000 yrs – British, Ottoman,

Is & Chr• 70AD – Jewish Diaspora• Zionist Project 1920-1930• Establish national homeland

1517-1917In charged Mandate World war 1 (axis)

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•Britain tried to persuade (1922)

•Live peacefully

•No intention of a complete Jewish State

•Failed to understand the Religious Gulf

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•Holocaust set the scene

•British refused admission

•Fight for national homeland

•Terrorist Campaign – British X Superpower

•UN step in

UN 1947 Partition Plan

•Withdraw troops when fighting 1947.

Reasons for Conflict

• Sharia – Territory, Muslim Threshold– Failure – Increased Hostility– Arabs claim any state based on

Religion is immoral - Hypocrites

• Sharia – Discrimination X equal– Inferior in the eyes of God– 15% Christians 2%

Wars of Significance

• War of Independence 1948• Sinai / Suez War 1956• 6 Day War 1967• Yom Kippur War 1973

• “If the Arabs (Moslems) put down their weapons today there would be no more violence. If the Israelis put down their weapons today there would be no more Israel.”

Prelude to War

• Israel Independent

• Ben Gurion• 1948• Same day• Jihad• Attacked it

from all sides

• Egypt Syria Jordan Iraq Lebanon

Outcome of War

• Territorial Loss– ¾ Palestine Israeli

• Reason : – Failed to unite– Poorly Equipped– Israeli determined

• Refugee Problem – Israeli slaughter entire village – 1million Fled

• Jerusalem Divided

• Never regard ceasefire as permanent– Humiliated, Infuriated, Avengeful

Blame Lies?

• British– Troops should stayed on– Partition carried out smoothly– Jews: Letting too few (Pro-Arab)– Arab: Letting too many at first (Pro-Jew)

• USA – Truman pressurized British 100000 Jews– Will cause disorder yet nv send troops– Reject British Morrison Plan– Pushed UN partition plan (Arab reject)– Violence result

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Sinai / Suez War 1956

Blame:• Israel

– Starting War

• Britain France– Imperialist Tactics– Accused USA for supporting– However felt overreacted

• Colonel Nasser– Anti - Western

Events

• Nasser, New Egypt Ruler– Fedayeen – Sabotage, Block G.of

Aqaba– Refused to renew contact 1956 – Suez

Troops– Help Against France– Arms Deal – Czechoslovakia – Russian –

Communist

• Americans Outraged– Red Scare– M.east important position– Aswan Dam Funding

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• Nationalising Suez Canal

• Liken to Hitler must be oppressed– WW II

• Plans Hatched– Anglo-American Plan (OMEGA)– War

• Anthony Eden Pressurised War– USA pledged support

The War + Outcomes

• UN and world retaliated• USA withdrew promise• Red Scare

• Humiliation• Boost for Nasser – Russian Aswan• Reduced Oil Supplies• Algerians – Independence 1962• Israel – Heavy Damage

– Fedayeen assaults stopped.

Six Day War 1967

• Egypt, Syria & Iraq– Anti-Israel– USSR Support– Move to frontier

• Israel X wait to be defeated– Destroy Egypt Airforce (5th June)– Gaza Strip + Sinai (10 June)

Ceasefire

• Reasons for success– Slow Arab Troops– Israel Superiority in Air– Arab inadequate communication

Repercussions

• Humiliation– Vicious Cycle – Lead to Yom Kippur War

• Israel Success– West Bank– Gaza Strip Millions of

Arabs

Yom Kippur War 1973•Events

–PLO seeked world sympathy terrorist attacks–Eg. Murder 1972 Munich Olympics

•Anwar Sadat President Egypt–Wanted negotiated peace–USSR or USA but hoped USA–Persuade Israel to sign peace settlement–‘Isolationist’ Policy

•Egypt + Syria attacked–Draw attention USA can be mediators–Feeling more confident (weapons, training)

War Outbreak – 6 Oct

•During a Jewish Festival

–Catch off guard

•Early Success Arabs•American Weapons saved the day•Crossed Suez Canal•USA & USSR ordered ceasefire.•Success for Anwar•However no peace treaties signed

Consequences

• Hope for Peace• Geneva, not same room• Move troops back, clear canal, but

not open to Israel

• Inflation + energy crisis• Reduce oil supply to pro-Israel

Euro nat.• Severe oil shortage excuse

preserving resources• OPEC raised prices.

Argument – Justification - Jeru• Arguments Basis – Religion

• After Suez War, Palestine East Jerusalem as Capital

• 1) Capital City• 3300 yrs, always Israel Cap• Nv any arab cap, arab leaders nv visit

• 2) Religious Text• Jewish Bible mentioned 669 times • Koran / Palestinian Covent 0

• 3)Founding Members• King David Est. Jerusalem as Cap• Mohammad never came to Jerusalem

Muslims in Israel

• Housing and Employment Dis.

• Require prior Military Service

• Brutal Behavior of Troops

Peace Talks 1978-79

•Reasons

•Sadat Israel X destroyed by force–Fruitless Wars–Wasting Resources

•Economic Problem–Israel Expenditure defense

•President Carter Camp David

Camp David Accord

• The state of war btw Egypt and Israeli over

• Israel withdraw troops frm Sinai

• Egypt promised X to attack Israel & supply oil

• Israel Ship can use Suez Canal

Aftermath of Treaty

• PLO rejection• Begin annouced X return Golan

Heights to Syria for Peace Treaty• Assasination of Sadat

• Eventually, less aggressive government elected

• Peace talks with PLO cont’d• Preserved 1996 gd results

Oslo Peace Accord Sep 1993

•1st major breakthrough•Norwegian Gd both sides•Israel recognised PLO•PLO recognised Israel & X terrorism•Palestinian on West Bank and Gaza Strip limited self-rule•Troops Pulled out•1995 fully withdraw troops

•Brink of Peace What happened?•Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine 2002 Dec 21

Will there ever be Peace ?

• Israel & Palestinian– “I wanted to find a way to make clear to the

Israeli people that the Arabs don't reject or despise them. But the Arab people do reject what their leadership is now doing to the Palestinians, which is inhumane and oppressive. “ – Crown Prince S.A.

Camp David 2000 – Bill Clinton- Crumbled – Arafat = Terrorist– 2005 ‘Road Map’ Peace Plan -> Bush– April 2003– No Success for a year– 1st Cease Fire– Only can achieve by the end of violence and

terrorism