Conférence Open Data par où commencer ? Round table 2 How to use open data ?

Round Table 2: How to use open data?

Moderator: Hugo Kerschot(IS-practice, Belgium)

Agenda• What kind of data do we publish first? Why? How?

John Keys, e-Business OfficerManchester Digital Development Agency (United-Kingdom)

• Open data: what impact on the local authority's internal organisation?Frédéric Romanczuk, Business Development Manager Public sectorMicrosoft (France)

• Open data: Free or Fee ? William Gilles, Director of the "Master in Administration-Companies Digital Law " at Sorbonne's Law School, President of IMODEV (France)

• What is the platform we could use to host our open data? Bruno Pinna, Director Cloud ComputingBull (France)

• Open data: How to achieve interoperability? Evangelos Arzygoukis, ICT ExpertIntrasoft (Greece)

What kind of data do we publish first? Why? How?

pen data. Free or Fee?

John Keys

e-Business Officer at Manchester Digital Development Agency (United-Kingdom)

What kind of data do we publish first?• In each instance it will be different;• Identify your priorities & ease of doing it;• Engage with developers, residents & businesses to

define priorities;• Personal data?• Do it.

Why ?

• Business Case:– Every day there are an estimated 600 staff in the public sector in Greater Manchester

looking for data, trying to access databases and converting data into single formats for cross analysis…. Cost estimated at £8,500,000 p.a.

– 14,000 + Bus Stops 15 Bus Stations 50 + trams stops– soon to be 100 + 200 + Train Stations 2,000 + Bus Routes 300,000,000 passenger journeys 40 + Bus Operators.

• Legislation:– EU & National legislation coupled with the local context. Manchester’s digital strategy is

committed to making Manchester the UK exemplar for Open Data.• Social & political:

– Improving communities & peoples lives• Economic:

– New businesses– More efficient ways of working

Legislative

How?

• Make stuff available• Make it structured • Non proprietary• Linked data• Ecosystem – Develop & engage e.g. Hackathon

– DataGM & Open Data Manchester– Eurocities KSF, Open Data Working Group– Open Knowledge Foundation e.g. OK Fest

Open data: what impact on the local authority's internal organisation? Fee?

Frédéric RomanczukBusiness Development ManagerPublic sector, Microsoft (France)

Email : [email protected]

Organisation modernisation

• An open data project is a way to move the internal organisation and to review the working process– creates the dialog between business directions– cross direction collaboration (IT, Comm, business)– changes the way to get and store data

Open data. Free or Fee?

William GillesAssociate Professor at the Sorbonne Law school Director of the Master of Digital Law (Public sector and Firms)President of IMODEV


If you question people about the free or paying access to public data… the majority are going to demand a free access and re-use

William Gilles – Email : [email protected] Issy-les-Moulineaux – 5th October 2012

Source : UE, 2010

Poll585 requesters

For free as regards both commercial and non-commercial re-use?

For free as regards non-commercial re-use?

agree strongly 30,43% 49,23%

agree 20,00% 17,26%no opinion 9,06% 7,86%

disagree 16,75% 6,50%

disagree strongly 11,28% 7,86%

… and a majority is hostile to fees …. except if re-users are charged at marginal cost.


Source : UE, 2010

Poll585 requesters

Charges based on full cost recovery, together with a reasonable return on investment? (PSI 2003)

Charges based on full cost recovery?

Charges based on partial cost recovery?

Charging at marginal costs for reproducing and disseminating the documents? (PSI 2003 reviewed)

agree strongly 3,76% 3,25% 2,56% 12,82%

agree 6,32% 9,57% 12,99% 26,67%

no opinion 4,62% 5,30% 9,74% 10,26%

disagree 24,27% 31,11% 29,91% 19,49%

disagree strongly 46,84% 35,90% 27,52% 16,58%

Beyond the poll…


Reality is much more complex


3 Questions on the Possibility of Charging or Not the Access and the Re-use of the Public Sector Information

• What? – The Concepts?

• Open Data, Public Sector Information, Free Access, Fee Access, Open Access

– The Scope ?• What data are concerned?

• Why? – The Reasons

• Why might you have a Free or a Fee Access and Re-Use of Public Sector Information?

• How? – The modalities

• If local governments choose a Fee or a Free Access and Re-Use, how can do develop their open data policy.


What? The concepts. The scopeWhat legal framework?

If we make something free or charged, • What does it concern ?• And what is the legal framework ?

– Local governements will be allowed to make money with their data only if they have the right to do that!

Indeed, this conference treats with Open Data • But there is no « Open Data Legal Framework » itself. • However we can refer to the Public Sector Information (PSI)

Directive of 2003… and to its transposition at national level – i.e. : ord. 6 june 2005 (France)


What?There is no one data, but several data.

When we wonder about the possibility to charge the access or re-use of data, we should make a distinction between : – “Public Sector Information”

The PSI directive deals with the concept of “information”, not with data.• Data are part of information • but information are more than a simple data :

– “Information corresponds to a set of contextualised and structured data, the producer’s intention being to make them meaningful”. Cf. J. Pénin (coord.), BETA

– “Raw Data” ≠ Structured, contextualised or commented data

– Good Quality Data ≠ without quality data

– Formatted data ≠ Unformatted data


What? Open data, access and re-use.

• We should also make a distinction between Open Data, Access and Re-Use– Access is not the re-use of data– Free access or re-use is not synonym to “open

access or re-use”– A paid access or re-use does not give all rights to

the one who accepts to pay


4 extreme models

– Free access and re-use without (real) conditions for the re-use• apparently the most favorable model for re-users

– Free access or re-use with conditions for the re-use• the re-user has to respect more or less strong condition in the license

– Access or re-use with Fee and conditions for the re-use • the re-user has to pay but should also respect more or less strong conditions in the

license

– Access and re-use without fee and without (real) conditions for the re-use:• the re-user will have more rights for the re-using because he/she has accepted to

pay (even selling of public data that have already been bought)

Free FeeAccess or Re-Use without conditions

1 2

Access or Re-Use with conditions

3 4


4 extreme models with intermediate models…

… Because there is no one but several possibilities to charge or not the cost of public data.

FREE

Free policy can be promoted

FEE

Fees can be calculated

as regards non-commercial re-use

on full cost recovery (no)

on partial cost recovery (no)

as regards both commercial and non-commercial re-use

on full cost recovery, together with a reasonable return on investment (PSI 2003)

at marginal costs for reproducing and disseminating the documents (Next PSI Directive)


Another distinction is the difference between Data concerned by the 2003 PSI Directive # Data excluded from this scope

• Data concerned by the 2003 PSI Directive: – Private ≠ Public data corresponds to all the information produced, collected or paid

by public bodies. • For instance: geographical data, statistics, meteorological data, data from publicly funded

research projects, and digitalized books from libraries

• But the scope of the current Directive (of 2003) is restricted. – Data excluded from the scope of the PSI Directive of 2003 are ruled by the common

law (copyright) : • Bodies of industrial or commercial character, e.g. public transport authorities;• Educational and research establishments,• Performing cultural institutions such as operas, ballets and theatres as well as public service

broadcasters, as there may be issues related to intellectual property rights.

• New possibilities should be offered with the review of the Directive : • New bodies such as libraries (including university libraries), museums and archives• Limitation of fees (marginal cost)


Why? The Reasons : Free or Fees?

• Why should we have a Free Access and Re-Use of Public Sector Information?– No doubt to make a Free Access.

• According to me, the question of Fee concerns only the re-use of data, not the access.

• Transparency

– Question is about the re-use even in if this case, the free re-use should be the rule according to advantages• Development of the economy• New public services


Why? The Reasons : Free of Fees?

• Why might we have a re-use of Public Sector Information with fees?– Nothing is free !• Better to say : re-use without fees• To say that it has already been paid by taxes is not a

good argument.• Possibility for local government to earn money and

optimize their intangible assets

– But fee can also have disadvantage and be a barrier to the development of the digital economy


How? Modalities of Data Access and Re-use: Free or Fees?

Several questions about the modalities:– Is the open data policy opposite to the optimization and the

valuation of the public data?• Small and medium local governments can have some difficulties to support

the cost of the open data policy• The more local government will participate in this policy, the more the open

data revolution will be important. • Charging the cost of data (at marginal cost) can be a way to encourage local

government to open their data (at least at the beginning).

– If there are fees, how could we do to prevent barriers in the deployment of the open data policy?• When it is not free, charging at marginal costs seems to be the future in

order to discourage government to fix prohibitive fees.


Another question is also who?

We should make a distinction between Re-Users: For instance: Non-profit re-user ≠ Profit re-users / Commercial re-users ≠

Non commercial re-usersA distinction between big enterprises and small and medium-size

enterprises seems more complicated

We should make a distinction between local governments and central governments

USA : Federal level : free ≠ Local governments can charge the cost

We should make a distinction between data: Somme data have more value than others. The economic sector is sometime ready to pay a high price for these data. Therefore, why refusing in that case this money?

In conclusion

• So, there is no unique rule but several possibilities which depend on circumstances.

• It is possible to envisage complex solutions combining, according to situations,:– Free access, – Fees,– And also alternative solutions such as imposing to

the re-user counterparties in exchange for the provision of public data.

What is the platform we could use to host our open data?

Bruno PinnaDirector Cloud Computing, Bull


How to achieve interoperability?

Evangelos ArgyzoudisICT Expert, Intrasoft (Luxemburg)


Outline

• Vision for interoperability

• Problem statement

• Challenges and solutions

• The Citadel On the Move approach

Vision

• Improve public sector data interoperability– Across member states– Within member states

• European governments being open, flexible and collaborative in their relations with citizens and businesses (Malmö Vision)

• Common architecture (Citadel statement, ISA – EIA action)

Problem statement

• EU Directive on re-use of PSI– 27 Member States implement the directive– A lot of data published by public authorities

• But...– In what format?– No real focus on access to citizens or businesses– Interoperability (nationally or internationally) not

yet a core consideration

Problem statement

Business/ Citizen

Communities

Application Developers

DataProvidersPolicy Makers

Distribution

Utilisation

Tasks

Social Technological

Innovation

Data andPurpose

Access andAcquisition

Pricing andAvailability

Scope andConditions

ProductisationServification

Adaptation,Specialisation

Direction andRegulation

Impact andRequirements

Dr. Franscesco Molinari (Alfamicro)

Challenges & Solutions• Semantic

– Lack of (common) semantics– Common data/meta-data models– Core vocabularies– CITADEL, ENGAGE

• Technological– Ways to upload, download, maintain datasets exist– Ways to search, link, visualise, use in applications also exist– Infrastructures– Semantic Web “stack” of standard technologies– Joinup platform, ISA programme, LOD2, CITADEL

• Legal/policy– Licensing– Contractual and intellectual property rights associated with the data– LAPSI project, ISA programme, ePractice.eu, +Spaces, WeGov, CITADEL

Challenges & Solutions• Privacy

– Personal, health, financial data, national security etc– epSOS

• Language– eGovernment services provided internationally poses challenges– CITADEL, ENGAGE

• Data Quality, Evolution, Provenance– Is the data we find of appropriate quality? Has it changed and how?

Who owns it?– DIACHRON

• Financial– Cost of publishing data in a way which facilitates interoperability– What happens to data which has already been published?

Within the context of Citadel... On the Move

• CITADEL will provide:– application templates to facilitate apps/services

development by citizens (non-professional developers)– a repository of data and tools to facilitate finding and

retrieving the right data (Open Data Commons, Citadel Hub)

• Will create communities of citizen developers• Will use (at first) existing datasets published by PAs in

Athens, Manchester, Issy, Ghent• An application created in Issy must be re-usable in

Ghent

Within the context of Citadel... On the Move

Dataset1

Template2

Template3

Application Scenarios in Pilot Cities

Dataset2

Dataset3

Dataset4

Dataset...n

Template...n

Template1

Open Data Commons

?DataDump

Plug

API

API

TXT, CSV, IoT Feeds, XML, KML, RDF, JPG, INSPIRE, MP3, SQL, NoSQL...

QueryRecording

SemanticPatterns

Q&A

Documents

Conférence Open Data par où commencer ? Round table 2 How to use open data ?