Conduct your best Security Site SurveyConduct your best Security Site Surveywith with

CCTV and Video Lighting FundamentalsCCTV and Video Lighting Fundamentals

Steve SurfaroGroup Manager, Industry Liaison

Panasonic System Solutions Company

Agenda• Assessment of existing systems/preliminary

recommendations• Intrusion detection• Fire alarm, access control, CCTV• Physical barriers, lighting• Crime prevention through environmental

design• Sample security system report format• Color temperature basics• Reflectance/emmisivity• Black and white IR applications• SDIII cameras in video lighting applications

Introduction

• Where does the Security Site Survey sit in the scheme of a Physical Security Program?

• Advantages of the Assessment Process• Identify the System Types to match and

minimize the Risk Types• Conduct the Site Survey

Pre-Assessment Phase

• What are you going to Assess?• Protection this key information with

procedures• Identify and Rank Critical Assets

Assessment

• Analyze Network Architecture• Assess Threat Environment• Test and try to defeat the System• Assess Physical Security (AKA The “Site

Survey”• Conduct Physical Asset Analysis• Assess Operations Security• Examine Policies and Procedures• Conduct Impact Analysis• Assess Infrastructure Interdependencies• Conduct Risk Characterization

Post-Assessment

• Prioritize Recommendations• Develop Action Plan• Capture Lessons Learned and Best

Practices• Deploy Security System• Conduct Training

Advantages of Conducting Assessments and Surveys

• Increase awareness, not necessarily paranoia

• Establish a baseline• Identify vulnerabilities and develop

responses• What key assets drive the risk

management process• Promote action to minimize risk• Kick-off your Physical Security Program

Video Surveillance System Survey Video Surveillance System Survey ––Functional AspectsFunctional Aspects

•• Classify Video System by type:Classify Video System by type:–– Video Surveillance (Monitoring Function)Video Surveillance (Monitoring Function)–– Forensic (Recording Function)Forensic (Recording Function)–– Video AnalyticsVideo Analytics–– Perimeter SecurityPerimeter Security–– Access ControlAccess Control

•• Classify Camera by FunctionClassify Camera by Function–– Monitor basic activity (subject is 5% of vertical)Monitor basic activity (subject is 5% of vertical)–– Detection (10%)Detection (10%)–– Recognition (Human, Animal or Vehicle) (50%)Recognition (Human, Animal or Vehicle) (50%)–– Identification (120%)Identification (120%)

Method of Resolution Measurement & Camera Function

• Verify all Monitoring and Recording Functions using Rotakin or other accepted standard

• Adjust System as necessary for key areas, adding or moving cameras as required

Monitor Detect

Not less than 5% Vertical Not less than 10% Vertical

Recognition Identification

Not less than 50% Vertical Not less than 120% Vertical *courtesy Isle of Man Constabulary; CCTV Systems within Licensed*courtesy Isle of Man Constabulary; CCTV Systems within Licensed PremisesPremises

Image examples suitable for Image examples suitable for Identification FunctionIdentification Function

SuitableSuitable Not SuitableNot Suitable

Enlargement and enhancementEnlargement and enhancement

Images courtesy of Images courtesy of Scientific Working Scientific Working Group on Imaging Technology Group on Imaging Technology and APTA Draft Guidelines for Camerasand APTA Draft Guidelines for Camerasand and Digital Video Recording SystemsDigital Video Recording Systems

Model WVModel WV--CW970CW970Accurate auto tracking capabilityAccurate auto tracking capability

•• Template matching algorithmTemplate matching algorithm

Auto tracking includes Pan, Tilt Auto tracking includes Pan, Tilt and 2 steps zoomand 2 steps zoomObject can be locked to track Object can be locked to track from the controller to support from the controller to support operatoroperator’’s activitys activity

Masking can specify tracking Masking can specify tracking area limitarea limit

Camera, tracking DSP and micro Camera, tracking DSP and micro processor are all in one for ease processor are all in one for ease of setup and installation of setup and installation

Same SDIII performance and Same SDIII performance and features available in WVfeatures available in WV--CW960CW960 VMD and Template MatchingVMD and Template Matching

sysysxsx

TemplatTemplatee

An Aid to Identification An Aid to Identification –– the the Intelligent Auto Tracking CameraIntelligent Auto Tracking Camera

Low CostLow CostVideo Video

Analytic!Analytic!

Intelligent Auto Tracking• Automatic Multi-Step Zoom Acquires Target

and follows without interference• Creates a better opportunity to identify subject• Successful “Hand-off” to another PTZ Camera• Original Camera resumes Auto Mode

Return Return to to

Auto Auto ModeMode

Camera 1Camera 1 Camera 2Camera 2 Camera 1Camera 1 Camera 2Camera 2Camera 1Camera 1

Camera 1Camera 1 Camera 1Camera 1 Camera 1Camera 1

MIXMIX

1.1. Double speed CCD outputs short & long signal to capture the brigDouble speed CCD outputs short & long signal to capture the bright & ht & dark image.dark image.

2.2. DSP combines signals to provide 128x dynamic range.DSP combines signals to provide 128x dynamic range.3.3. ““Area Free (Pixel Based) Natural Contrast Image CorrectionArea Free (Pixel Based) Natural Contrast Image Correction””

optimizes the grayoptimizes the gray--scale image in response to the input signal level of scale image in response to the input signal level of each individual pixel.each individual pixel.

4.4. Regardless of object position, size, shape, or number it deliverRegardless of object position, size, shape, or number it delivers s smoother natural reproduction of highsmoother natural reproduction of high contrast images. contrast images.

Super Dynamic III Super Dynamic III PLUSPLUS

Short signal for bright Short signal for bright

Long signal for dark Long signal for dark

Area Free (Pixel Based) Natural Contrast Image CorrectionArea Free (Pixel Based) Natural Contrast Image Correction

Key Technology for High Contrast Light Scene: Key Technology for High Contrast Light Scene: SDIII Pixel Based 128x Dynamic RangeSDIII Pixel Based 128x Dynamic Range

Threshold level & Gray scale Correction tableThreshold level & Gray scale Correction tableSignal MixSignal Mix

Use Lens Estimator to Size Lens

•• Enter Scene Enter Scene Height, Width Height, Width and Distance and Distance for Each for Each CameraCamera

•• As an As an alternate, note alternate, note actual viewing actual viewing angle on angle on scaled scaled diagramdiagram

•• Determine Determine Object Height Object Height on Monitor to on Monitor to Match Match Functional Functional RequirementRequirement

•• Determine Determine Focal LengthFocal Length

Video Site Survey – Physical Aspects

•• Viewing AngleViewing Angle•• EnvironmentEnvironment•• Lighting type, levelLighting type, level•• Reflectance/ Reflectance/

EmissivityEmissivity•• ObstructionsObstructions•• TemperatureTemperature•• HumidityHumidity•• CorrosivesCorrosives•• WaterWater•• VandalismVandalism

•• Mounting ConditionsMounting Conditions•• –– Cabling EntryCabling Entry•• RequirementsRequirements

–– AccessibilityAccessibility–– ““SpecialSpecial”” Objects /Objects /

•• Scenes (some Scenes (some examples)examples)–– VehiclesVehicles–– License PlatesLicense Plates–– Shoreline/BorderShoreline/Border–– Transit PlatformsTransit Platforms

Camera Functions

•• In Critical Locations, Back up PTZ In Critical Locations, Back up PTZ Cameras with a Fixed CameraCameras with a Fixed Camera

•• Consider Activation Methods for Consider Activation Methods for PTZ Camera Preset Acquisition in PTZ Camera Preset Acquisition in SurveySurvey

•• Use widest usable field of view for Use widest usable field of view for fixed camerafixed camera

Site Survey Cycle

•• Enter Site Survey Data (Rough Enter Site Survey Data (Rough Sketches,Sketches,

•• Location Notes)Location Notes)•• Normalize Devices by Camera TypesNormalize Devices by Camera Types•• Transfer to Floor PlansTransfer to Floor Plans•• Verify samples with actual siteVerify samples with actual site

Let there be light!

Color TempChart

ATW

1A

TW1

ATW

2A

TW2

AW

CA

WC

Camera SettingsCamera Settings

CRI – Color Rendition Index

Lighting Type Color Rendition

Index

Relative Image Reproduction

Daylight 100 ExcellentIncandescent 97 ExcellentFluorescent 87-94 ExcellentHalogen 90-97 ExcellentLP Sodium 5 PoorHP Sodium 30 Poor => FairMercury Vapor 43 Poor => FairMetal Halide 70 Good

Reflectance• The ratio of the total amount of spectral

radiation, reflected by a surface to the total amount of radiation incident on the surface

Luminance

• Luminance is the intensity of brightness (in candela per unit area) of a surface

• Higher luminance values are associated with brighter surfaces.

Luminance

• Concrete is 1.77 times more luminous than asphalt – (reference chart; equation below)

Luminance Uniformity

• Luminance uniformity is another significant factor in the lighting of parking lots– represented by the maximum to minimum horizontal

luminance ratio (max:min)• High max:min ratios, certain areas of parking

lots can have low luminance levels– Associated with poor visibility

• Low max:min ratios present a more uniform luminance distribution.

• Asphalt has a max:min luminance ratio of 1.97 times greater than concrete– Concrete has a more uniform luminance distribution

Emmissivity of common materials

Wood Wood –– planed oak . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .planed oak . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.90. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.90

Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.95 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.95 –– 0.960.96

Paints, lacquers, and varnishes Paints, lacquers, and varnishes –– Black matte shellac . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.91Black matte shellac . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.91

Glass Glass -- Pyrex, lead, soda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Pyrex, lead, soda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.85 . . . . . . . . 0.85 –– 0.950.95

Brick Brick –– red and rough . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .red and rough . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.93. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.93

Asphalt, tar, pitch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Asphalt, tar, pitch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.95 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.95 –– 1.001.00

Stainless steel Stainless steel –– polished . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . polished . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.07. . . . . . . . . 0.07

Iron and steel (excluding stainless) Iron and steel (excluding stainless) –– oxidized dull wrought iron . . . .. . . . . . 0.94oxidized dull wrought iron . . . .. . . . . . 0.94

Iron and steel (excluding stainless) Iron and steel (excluding stainless) –– polished iron . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.14 polished iron . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.14 –– 0.380.38

Chromium Chromium –– polished . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .polished . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.08 . . . . . . 0.08 –– 0.360.36

IR Surveillance System Components

•• IP66 Rated Housing for IP66 Rated Housing for Environmental ResistanceEnvironmental Resistance

•• Day/Night Camera has IR Day/Night Camera has IR Sensitivity to match IR Sensitivity to match IR IlluminatorIlluminator

•• ““Hi SpeedHi Speed”” Lens means the Lens means the Max. Aperture is large Max. Aperture is large (small number like f/0.75 ~ (small number like f/0.75 ~ f/2)f/2)

IP66 Rated IP66 Rated HousingHousing

Hi Speed Hi Speed VarifocalVarifocal LensLens

IR IlluminatorIR Illuminator

Day/Night Day/Night Camera Camera

w/ w/ Auto Auto

BackFocusBackFocus

Auto Auto BackFocusBackFocus OperationOperation

Camera/Lens Issues with IR Illumination

• CCTV Cameras - Automatic Switchover Day/Night : Color to B/W– Duration/Level Adjustments– Anti Day/Night Mode “Hunting”

• Day / Night and IR Compatible Lenses– Automatic Axial chromatic aberration

compensation (focus shift)• Axial chromatic aberration is a phenomenon of being out

of focus on the optical axis which is caused by light wavelength

– Lenses may respond to various IR ranges (700nm~ 1,500nm)

Reading Camera IR Response Curves• Find the Wavelength(s) that the IR illuminator will

produce• Camera on right has 33% greater IR response at 850

nm– Camera will product a brighter image with same IR

illuminator

Video System Design Best Practices

• Make sure users have the live and recorded image quality they need

• Maintain most favorable criteria for your project– Lowest Reasonable Cost for System– Increase the number of ways you can access your

video information• Spend as much as you can afford to

strengthen and secure your network• Do not have one device service too many user

or perform many functions – Improve your System Survivability

• Model all network-based systems prior to specification phase

Conclusions

•• The Assessment and Survey Process The Assessment and Survey Process increases awarenessincreases awareness

•• Think Think ““like a thieflike a thief”” and ways to defeat the and ways to defeat the systemsystem

•• Expect wider ranging environmental conditions Expect wider ranging environmental conditions (light, etc.) than seen at survey(light, etc.) than seen at survey

•• If using wireless technologies, you must If using wireless technologies, you must conduct a separate RF Surveyconduct a separate RF Survey

•• Limit the Camera Usage to its primary functionLimit the Camera Usage to its primary function•• Use additional Cameras for simultaneous Use additional Cameras for simultaneous

functions in critical areasfunctions in critical areas