Conclusions!

Just when you think you’re done….You’ve just begun…

Conclusions

• They remind the reader about important points from the essay and give the reader something to think about.

• Three Parts:1. Restate Thesis Statement2. Summary of Research Findings3. Wrap Up

• It is NOT to introduce any NEW information!– Never put any new facts or details here.

Restate Thesis

• Topic + position• Restate your thesis in a different way using one of these

transition words at the top:– Clearly– Obviously– All in all

Example– Clearly, the conclusion that the Han Dynasty dealt with the

challenges of population growth better was proven by exploring the complex civilizations of the Romans and the Han Dynasty and how they responded to population growth.

Summary of Research FindingsSummarize how one culture responded best to population growth, giving 3-5 reasons why they responded most effectively

Example– The Han Dynasty was able to develop a system of terracing, the process of

forming sloping land into a number of level flat areas resembling a series of step. This made more available farmland. Because of war, the Roman farmers who were sent to fight had lost their crops. They also could not afford to compete with the Latifundia (large farms) owners. This caused shortages of food. And even though Rome began using slave laborers to farm their land which was extremely profitable, it created an entire sub class of angry people that led to the eventual downfall of Rome. Finally the Han Dynasty was able to create a strong central government, using government officials to help run the government called a Bureaucracy. The Han Dynasty were able to efficiently run their government. The Roman Empire united their land around the Mediterranean sea under one ruler, after an unsuccessful Republic. This lead to their eventual demise, because they were not able to establish a successful way to govern the large amounts of land they had taken.

Wrap Up

• Strong writers leave their readers with something to think about in their papers.

• Three Ways: – Description– Reflection– Connect this challenge with a problem today

Description

• Early complex civilizations dealt with many challenges and all had different ways of dealing with them. Population growth was only possible because of the development of farming and had many positive and negative effects on the humans of ancient times. It seems, looking back in history, that most of the effects were negative and eventually led to the demise of the ancient civilizations.

Reflection

• It is only now, in examining the effect of population growth on ancient civilizations that I begin to reflect on how population growth will affect our civilization. How will we change and how have we changed because of a expanding population, and will this lead to our eventual demise?

Connection to modern Issue• Now that the Earth’s population has exceeded seven billion

people scientists, governments, leaders, and other people are keenly aware of the limited resources our Earth has. Currently scientists are studying new ways to grow crops with limited water so future generations have enough to eat. Others are examining how to decrease the amount carbon that is sent into the atmosphere and oceans. While others such as Pope Francis urge others to slow down their consumerism to preserve the planet for years to come. From ancient civilizations we can learn valuable lessons from successes and failures in terms of what worked or didn’t work as populations rose. This can help us in our own search for answers and perhaps make progress more quickly.

Review

• Three Parts to a Conclusion:1. Restate Thesis Statement2. Summarize Research Findings3. Wrap Up

Example ConclusionClearly, the conclusion that the Han Dynasty dealt with the challenges of population

growth better was proven by exploring the complex civilizations of the Romans and the Han Dynasty and how they responded to population growth(restate thesis). The Han Dynasty was able to develop a system of terracing, the process of forming sloping land into a number of level flat areas resembling a series of step. This made more available farmland. Because of war, the Roman farmers who were sent to fight had lost their crops. They also could not afford to compete with the Latifundia, large farms) owners. This caused shortages of food. And even though Rome began using slave laborers to farm their land which was extremely profitable, it created an entire sub class of angry people that led to the eventual downfall of Rome. Finally the Han Dynasty was able to create a strong central government, using government officials to help run the government called a Bureaucracy. The Han Dynasty were able to efficiently run their government. The Roman Empire united their land around the Mediterranean sea under one ruler, after an unsuccessful Republic. This lead to their eventual demise, because they were not able to establish a successful way to govern the large amounts of land they had taken. (Research Summary) Now that the Earth’s population has exceeded seven billion people scientists, governments, leaders, and other people are keenly aware of the limited resources our Earth has. Currently scientists are studying new ways to grow crops with limited water so future generations have enough to eat. Others are examining how to decrease the amount carbon that is sent into the atmosphere and oceans. While others such as Pope Francis urge others to slow down their consumerism to preserve the planet for years to come. From ancient civilizations we can learn valuable lessons from successes and failures in terms of what worked or didn’t work as populations rose. This can help us in our own search for answers and perhaps make progress more quickly. (Wrap Up)