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CLUB CAST3M Paris 29-11-2012
Conceptual design of concrete thermal energy storage system for small size concentration solar plants. (Overview on CAST3M application for the analysis of components for solar plants employing molten salts)
Giannuzzi Giuseppe Mauro ENEA-UTRINN-PCI R.C. Casaccia (Rome, Italy) E-mail: [email protected]
Objectives of the SOLTECA project
Sensible heat storage in a specially developed concrete mix
Modular storage system, not cast in situ, reduction in the degassing time at start up.
Working temperature between 120 e 300 °C, able to operate a ORC power block
Cost containment - (between 20-30 € / kWh_th), (not expensive O&M costs).
Small plants with peak power (0.5 to 5 MWe), more placeable in the territory
The project is funded by the Cassa di Risparmio di Trento E Rovereto (CARITRO)
Scheme of the available solar plant with concrete TES
PUMPS
SOLAR FIELD
TES
1
2
3
4
5
6
ORC
V2V1
V3
MCS
MORC
M TES
TORCIN
GE
HX
7
General scheme
with kind permission of DLR
Element-Module-System Scheme
Economic and Physical Features of Solid Storage Media
TES: Physical Model
t
TAcTTrh
z
TVAc
f
pwsfi
f
p ,2
r
T
rr
Tk
t
Tc ss
ss
p
12
2
wsfs
s TThr
Tk ,
1,1,,1,1,, 2tjftjwjf
pitjfjftjf T TT
zAc
thzr TT
z
tVT
Nonstationary Model
fwf
TTPe
Nu
dZ
dT4
Semi – Steady State Model
fT
Fengwu Bai
Nonstationary Model: Charging Phase
Nonstationary Model: Discharging Phase
Effect of Thermal Conductivity on the Charge Time
NON-STATIONARY MODEL: application to a realistic case
T Corners Time of charging = 1h Channel Length = 400 m Tf exit
10 mm 100 mm
T_f=300°C
H_f=100
W/m2-C
T_a=25°C
H_a=5 W/m2-C
P_a=1700 N/m2
B_a=0.2e-6 s/m
Schematic of the storage modulus HTCTRAN simulation with thermo-hygrometric boundary condictions
Radial Temperature at various time steps
Radial vapour pressure (MPa) at various time steps.
Radial water content (Kg/m3) at various time steps.
HTCTRAN - mechanical elastic coupling
ddtuddbu
ddpmdWdKmD
ddTmDdK
dpmDddD
TT
T
shT
T
sT
T
s
T
T
T
T
33
HTCTRAN – non-linear coupling
HTC-NLM
PASAPAS
Concrete TES Test Apparatus
ENEL ARCHIMEDE Plant : Parabolic Trough Loop
100 m
300 m
300 °C 550 °C
with kind permission of ENEL
L= L T = 48 cm r = De /( TS) = 126 m
T TS = 30 C T = 530 C L = 48 m
f=L2/(8r) = 2 m
Free Thermal deformation in Priolo Receiver Line
ecfxxthDTEJrJEM cfeth
TErRE 21
max
Receiver Line Supports
with kind permission of ENEL
Receiver Support Kinematics
Cold receiver length 4060mm
Hot receiver length at Tm y410°C 4090mm
4090mm
d
R
R
hd
2
2
h
Receiver line schematic, mesh, deformation profile, reactions
a.t. lenght
a.t.
410 C°
Receiver line contraction and deflection
-37cm
-4.2cm
Mass flow and tracking stop accident
with kind permission of ENEL
Flux distribution on receiver surface
Heat released in the glass
Maxi-mini temperature evolution in receiver
Maxi-mini temperature evolution in glass
Receiver Vibration
L.Mot.
-Circulating fluid and defocused trough
-Trough focusing
-Vibration amplitude-stabilized after about
2 min.
-Oscillation amplitude 2.6-3 mm
-Frequency 5.5-6 Hz
- The vibration stops after a minute from the
defocusing
Physical interpretation of each term:
• 1- flexural restoring forces
• 2- centrifugal force of moving fluid and pressure force associated with radius of curvature
• 3- Coriolis force
• 4- inertia force of tube and fluid
x
y
Ap Af
0y
y
VA2 y
)V(PA y
EI2
2
pf0ff2
22
0f0f4
4
tAA
txxxpf
y-122 xr
Governing Equation of Piping with Moving Fluid
DTEIdAyTTEtxMA
envT ,
TMx
yEIM
2
2
Tenv environment temperature E modulus of elasticity MT thermal bending moment y moment arm x position along x-axis α coefficient of thermal expansion
Mechanical effect of thermal-axial gradient in storage tank
-Fatigue damage (double tank) -Thermal Ratcheting (stratified tank)
Thermal Ratcheting due to axial gradient –MATTER Project
•Axial moving thermal gradient at sodium-free level
•Null-primary-stress condition
Archimede Solar Plant Storage System
ENEA-ENEL
P91 hollow cylinder
NaNO360%-KNO340% 600° C
NaNO360%-KNO340% Thermal conductivity 0,56 W/m K Specific heat 1550 J/kg K Density 1700 kg/m3
Viscosity 1 mPa sec Melting Point 221°C
• Specimen speed during immersion • Heat transfer coefficient •Molten salts temperature (up to 600°C) •Cylinder diameter and thickness
THERMAL RATCHETING FACILITY REALIZATION
Performed Numerical Analysis
FIRST CYCLE 13-11-2012
Fatigue due to level variation (ASME III NH T-1400)
4,00
5,00
6,00
7,00
8,00
9,00
10,00
21.0
0
0.0
0
3.0
0
6.0
0
9.0
0
12.0
0
15.0
0
18.0
0
21.0
0
0.0
0
3.0
0
6.0
0
tempo [hr]
live
llo [
m]
Critical strain range
0,00E+00
5,00E-04
1,00E-03
1,50E-03
2,00E-03
2,50E-03
250 300 350 400 450 500 550
m/m
cover gas temperature °C
strain range livel 3m
internal side
external side
limit 2.E4 cycles
THANK YOU FOR YOUR KIND ATTENTION
CLUB CAST3M Paris 29-11-2012
