Upload
lisalov
View
222
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
8/18/2019 Concepts of Infection Prevention and Control
1/21
Concepts of
Infection
Prevention and
Control
8/18/2019 Concepts of Infection Prevention and Control
2/21
Objectives• To identify fundamental concepts of epidemiologyand microbiology as they relate to InfectionPrevention and Control
• Understand the causes of the spread of infection inhealth-care settings
8/18/2019 Concepts of Infection Prevention and Control
3/21
Content•
Dene infection prevention and control• The chain of infection
• Causes of the spread of infection in health-caresettings
•
Areas of risk to the host• osocomial Infections
!re"uency of nosocomial infection
Impact of nosocomial infections#
Criteria of nosocomial infection $trategies for prevention
8/18/2019 Concepts of Infection Prevention and Control
4/21
Check this Out
8/18/2019 Concepts of Infection Prevention and Control
5/21
Defining InfectionPrevention and Control
• Infection control is a discipline that appliesepidemiologic and scientic principles andstatistical analysis to the prevention or reduction
in rates of nosocomial infection %hospital ac"uiredinfection&
• The aim to ensure the protection of those 'ho
might be vulnerable to ac"uiring an infection
8/18/2019 Concepts of Infection Prevention and Control
6/21
Definitions• Infection- The invasion and multiplication of
microorganisms such as bacteria# viruses# andparasites that are not normally present 'ithin the
body(
• ote) *icroorganisms that live naturally in thebody are not considered infections(
8/18/2019 Concepts of Infection Prevention and Control
7/21
Definitions• Infectious +
,( Caused by infection or capable of causinginfection %a patient can pass an infection to
another&( .asily spread + capable of being passedon from one person to another
/( 0f or relating to infection
8/18/2019 Concepts of Infection Prevention and Control
8/21
Definitions• Pathogen - a microorganism that can cause
disease
• Contagious - An infectious agent that can beeasily transmitted
• Virulence + highly infectious
8/18/2019 Concepts of Infection Prevention and Control
9/21
Infectious Disease Process• The Chain of Infection
8/18/2019 Concepts of Infection Prevention and Control
10/21
Infectious
agentAny microorganism that cancause a disease such as a
bacterium, virus, parasite, orfungus.Reservoir
The place where themicroorganism resides,thrives, and reproduces
8/18/2019 Concepts of Infection Prevention and Control
11/21
Portal of Exit
• The place 'here theorganism leaves thereservoir
Means / Mode ofTransmission
The means by which an
organism transfers fromone carrier to another byeither direct transmissionor indirect transmission
8/18/2019 Concepts of Infection Prevention and Control
12/21
Portal Of Exits
8/18/2019 Concepts of Infection Prevention and Control
13/21
Means / Mode of Transmissio• Direct
Direct contact
Droplet spread
Indirect Airborne
1ehicle borne
1ector borne %mechanical or biologic&
8/18/2019 Concepts of Infection Prevention and Control
14/21
Portal of entry
The opening 'here aninfectious diseaseenters the host2s body
Susceptible Host
The individual's
ability to resistinfection or contractinfection
8/18/2019 Concepts of Infection Prevention and Control
15/21
Breaking any link of the chain can stop the transmission of
infection
8/18/2019 Concepts of Infection Prevention and Control
16/21
Fundamental Principles ofInfection Prevention
T B d
8/18/2019 Concepts of Infection Prevention and Control
17/21
Transmission BasedPrecautions
T B d
8/18/2019 Concepts of Infection Prevention and Control
18/21
Transmission BasedPrecautions
T B d
8/18/2019 Concepts of Infection Prevention and Control
19/21
Transmission BasedPrecautions
8/18/2019 Concepts of Infection Prevention and Control
20/21
8/18/2019 Concepts of Infection Prevention and Control
21/21
References• http)33'''(uptodate(com3contents3general-
principles-of-infection-control
• http)33'''(cdc(gov34AI3settings3outpatient3basic-infection-control-prevention-plan-
5,,3fundamental-of-infection-prevention(html
• Understanding .merging and 6e-emergingInfectious Diseaseshttp)33'''(ncbi(nlm(nih(gov3books3785/953