Concentrated Solar Power and value creation through storage and hybridization

Paolo Montresor

Milano, July 11th , 2013

© ALSTOM 2012. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

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Agenda

• Introduction

• Tower based ISCC solution, the ‚low hanging fruit‛ to harvest solar energy

• Direct Steam Generation + Molten salt storage, a low risk solution to address the need for peak shifting

• Conclusions

© ALSTOM 2012. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

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© ALSTOM 2012. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

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Tower based CSP plant with direct steam generation and thermal energy storage

4

P5 © ALSTOM 2012. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

Direct Steam + Storage SRSG (Solar Receiver Steam Generator)

Key link between solar field and power block for stand-alone CSP, ISCC, and Boost

Main features and advantages:

• Highest temperature ever reached by solar plants (up to 585°C and 170 bar)

• Largest Solar Central Receiver 660 MWth (250MWel in direct production)

• Low auxiliary power consumption

• High operating efficiency

• Best fit for BrightSource Energy solar collector technology

37m

P6 © ALSTOM 2012. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

Super Heater Panels

Evaporator Panels

Direct Steam + Storage SRSG cross-sections

Steam Drum

Steam Drum Vessel

© ALSTOM 2012. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

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Summary of utility scale offerings (1/2)

• CSP units of 130-150 MWel output, with thermal energy storage

• Power production up to 3-4 hours at full load (and/or capacity factor >60% , depending on project requirements and site conditions)

• Green production share: 100% • Dry cooling

CSP units for peak shifting

• CSP units of 130-250 MWel output with fossil co-firing

• Increased dispatchability • Possible night operation by burning fossil fuel • Green production share depends on co-firing

rate, e.g., 15% • Dry cooling

CSP units with fossil fuel co-firing

© ALSTOM 2012. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

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Summary of utility scale offerings (2/2)

• Generation of ‚dispatchable‛ electricity without need for storage

• Reduced CAPEX for same output - Leverage existing power block and grid access by maximising utilisation

ISCC – Integrated Solar Combined Cycle

• ISCC Plants for 50 or 60 Hz markets • Solar contribution: >100 MWel/unit with

possible solar only mode while keeping GT shut down

• Generation of ‚dispatchable‛ electricity without need for storage

• Cycle efficiency on fuel LHV up to 80% • Green production share: 10% (depend on

GT operation regime) • Dry cooling

Solar Boost – for conventional steam plants

© ALSTOM 2012. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

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Agenda

• Introduction

• Tower based ISCC solution, the “low hanging fruit” to harvest solar energy

• Direct Steam Generation + Molten salt storage, a low risk solution to address the need for peak shifting

• Conclusions

© ALSTOM 2012. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

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Integration of CCPP and Solar Plant

SRSG

HRSG

HRSG

ACC

PowerGen International - KA24 ISCC - cb - 13.12.2012 - P 10

Solar HP steam injected into HP Steam Turbine

P11 © ALSTOM 2012. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

ISCC configuration: Gas turbine

50 Hz and

60 Hz Markets

Highly flexible for

solar compensation

• Configuration

− 50Hz: KA26 1 GT26 on 1 Steam Turbine (or in E-class: GT13E2)

− 60Hz: KA24-2 2 GT24 on 1 Steam Turbine

• Gas Turbine

− Double combustor

− 4 stages of variable inlet vanes

− GT26: >320 MW

− GT24: >230 MW GT gross electrical output at the generator terminals, including generator losses but excluding duct and auxiliary losses. Calculated with 100% methane at ISO conditions, GT cooling air cooler contribution included where applicable

P12 © ALSTOM 2012. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

Why Integrated Solar Combined Cycle

• Highest reduction of solar investment − Power block and BOP shared with CCPP

− No storage, solar fluctuation balanced by CCPP

• Highest return from operation

− Stable, reliable power output

− Solar power boost

− Full range of ancillary services

• Highest solar efficiency

− Large, shared Steam Turbine and Generator

− Feedwater preheating by low-grade GT exhaust heat

P13 © ALSTOM 2012. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

SF balancing

GT balancing

ISCC operation / Technical possibilities

• Supplementary Firing

− SF is adjusted to balance Solar power − Total plant output is constant

• Fuel Saver

− GT load is adjusted to balance Solar power − Total plant output is constant

• Power Boost

− Solar ‚added on top‛, up to max ST capacity − Total plant output increases

• Solar-only

− Solar production without GT, e.g.: Weekend shut-down, GT outages, Start-stop plants…

Priority to total plant output

Priority to fossil power

No balancing

P14 © ALSTOM 2012. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

Results / Plant load profiles

Power boost

Fuel saver

Firm committed fossil production profile

Solar boost on top of fossil power

GT off, Solar-only operation

Firm committed ISCC production profile (grid does not ‚see‛ solar power)

Fossil power (GT balancing solar)

Deep due to high ambient T at midday (no GT inlet cooling considered)

Plant load demand [%] (7 days)

Kuwait DNI = 1969 kWh/m2y

P15 © ALSTOM 2012. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

Results / Plant operation

• ‚Fuel saver‛

− Internally balances solar power variability The grid only sees a firm committed power output

− Reduces fuel consumption and extends GT maintenance intervals

− Takes advantage of GT26’s unique part load efficiency and turn-down capability

− Maximizes solar energy production

• ‚Power boost‛

− Freedom to produce and sell fossil and solar energy independently according to commitments or market opportunity

− Allows providing renewable boost for grid support at peak times, effectively replacing supplementary firing

− Can replace capital- and water-intensive inlet cooling equipment to recover power during hot hours (example in next slide)

P16 © ALSTOM 2012. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

Results / Cost of electricity

• ISCC achieves lower solar cost of electricity than stand-alone CSP

1) The steam plant is in shared use with the gas turbine

• No power block to be paid by solar, only adaptation and integration costs

• The steam plant is fully utilized, thereby shifting optimum to smaller solar field sizes

2) No loss of solar production from ST start-up time and procedures

3) Possibility to operate with gas turbine shut down (solar only)

Pow

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lock

red

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on

© ALSTOM 2012. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

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Agenda

• Introduction

• Tower based ISCC solution, the ‚low hanging fruit‛ to harvest solar energy

• Direct Steam Generation + Molten salt storage, a low risk solution to address the need for peak shifting

• Conclusions

© ALSTOM 2012. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

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CSP contribution for peak shifting in high renewable scenario

• California grid simulation from a NREL study shows that CSP with limited hours of energy storage allows proper balancing between absorbed load and generation

© ALSTOM 2012. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

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Direct Steam + Storage Steam turbine: Design and operation concept

• During discharge, high pressure turbine is bypassed

− Full steam to IP producing full power, HP rotates in near vacuum (connected to condenser) to minimize ‘windage’ losses

− Steam conditions matching intermediate pressure turbine inlet conditions during discharge

• Patent Pending: European Patent Application No. 12162906.7

CHARGE DISCHARGE

Nominal power output maintained during storage discharge

P20 © ALSTOM 2012. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

Direct Steam + Storage Thermal energy storage system: Basic scheme

• Low temperature (up to 400°C)

• Proven operation in solar trough plants (Spain and elsewhere)

• Equipment available from experienced suppliers

Classic two-tank proven and reliable technology

© ALSTOM 2012. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

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Direct Steam + Storage Steam/molten salt storage system

• Heat transfer from phase change to sensible heat exchange medium causes pinch point losses

• Highly efficient steam turbines using reaction blading technology have a fixed swallowing capacity for given pressure

− Low discharge pressure leads to low power

CHARGE DISCHARGE steam

Molten salt

Molten salt

steam

Full load power even at lower inlet pressure due to innovative Steam Turbine solution

© ALSTOM 2012. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

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Case study: sizing the energy storage capacity by different power block size

• Strong CoE reduction by increasing ST power from 100 to 130 MWel • Marginal improvement starts diminishing from 130 to 150 MWel

Better plant economics for larger than 120 MWe turbine

3 5 7 9 11

© ALSTOM 2012. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

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Direct Steam + Storage A combination of proven and reliable technologies

• Solar field: real operational experience − SEDC (6MW) in operation since ‘08 − Coalinga (29MW) in operation since ‘11 − Ivanpah (130MW) to be on line in June ‘13

• SRSG: design base on conventional utility boiler

+

• Thermal storage system: − Low-temp (400°C) molten salt

energy storage solution is proven for parabolic trough plants in Spain and elsewhere

Benefits: flexibility to match demand from the Grid • Highest efficiency during the day with direct steam

generation • Full rated power operation after the sunset to support

evening peak

© ALSTOM 2012. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

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Agenda

• Introduction

• Tower based ISCC solution, the ‚low hanging fruit‛ to harvest solar energy

• Direct Steam Generation + Molten salt storage, a low risk solution to address the need for peak shifting

• Conclusions

© ALSTOM 2012. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

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Approach for Plant design

• Use of Alstom own EPC, OEM (original equipment manufacturer) and O&M capabilities to provide to Clients the best solar power plant, optimized size and performances, with the lowest possible LCoE

• Environmental, health and safety (EHS). Alstom target is zero severe accidents during construction phase.

• Standardization, modularization (while offering to Clients customized solutions)

• Reduction of throughput time (overall project schedule from order to commercial operation)

© ALSTOM 2012. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

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Conclusion

• Stand alone CSP plants:

− Steam cycle allow the nominal power production for steam-molten salt storage system, to support the evening peak

− Direct steam solar tower plant with storage works and is based on proven technologies and components to meet market demand at low risk

• Integrated solar combined cycle

− Optimized component design and system integration

− Wide range of operation modes for all market requirements

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