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UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL ABIERTA Y A DISTANCIA UNADEscuela de Ciencias Agrícolas, ecuarias ! del

PROGRAMA DE

INGENIERA AMBIENTAL

ACTIVIDAD

BIOLOGÍA AMBIENTAL

COMUNIDADES, POBLACIONES Y ECOSISTEMAS.

DANIEL JOSE LAMARCA ROBLES

1065657309

PAOLA ANDREA DUEÑAS PEDRAA

105!3937"9

LINA #ERNANDA VANEGAS

1051240859

CAROLICET$ AGUILAR

103!%%1175

GRUPO& 35"006'77

TUTORA

LESLIE LEAL

UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL ABIERTA Y A DISTANCIA UNAD

E()*+- D+ C+/)-( A2)-( P+)*--( Y D+ M+4 A+/+

I/+/+2- A+/-

M-8 !016

1


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INTRODUCCIÓN

E )/+/4 4+ +(+ -- +( 4+ -/ :-/)-, ;- ):*+(+(+ */4.

Se mencionarán los tipos de biomas que se encuentran en estos ecosistemas.

L- )--)+2()- 4+ -( /( 4- - )/)+ - /)+2+ ?- 4+ +:- /*+( :-/+-, : +(- -8@/ +( 4+ -/ :-/)- )/)+ )-4- 4+-+, (*4 ; )--)+2()-( +(+/+( +/+( 4?++/+( B-( +:*+((. D+ *- -/+- (+ (-> +>)-( ) - +4/>)-4+ ( (++( ==(, ):--)@/ 4+ */ ((+-( )+-4( ; -+(, +)2- :-)/+(,)*/4-4+( ; =-+/+ ( +)((+-( )/ + ::@( 4+ +/+ :+)(@/ +/ + +// 4+-( (-(.

2


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OBJTI!OS

OBJTI!O "NR#$&

A4)-,


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1. CU#DRO CO(%#R#TI!O SIST(#S CRR#DOS ) #BIRTOS!.

U/ ((+- +( */ )/*/ 4+ :4*)( +++/(


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+. SI(I$ITUDS ,ISTNTS NTR $OS DI&RNTS TI%OS D BIO(#S

L( -( (/ >+-( 4+?/4-( 4+ -/+- )>)-( ; +>?)-+/+, )/ (-+()/4)/+( +)@)-( -+( ) -( )*/4-4+( 4+ :-/-(, -/-+( ; -/(( 4+ (*+.L / 4+?/4( ) : ?-)+( ) -+(*)*- 4+ -( :-/-(, :( 4+ -( ; + )-.

• P(++/ ?-)+( @)( ; -)(• L- 4=+(4-4 )--)+2()- 4+ )-4- -, +(:+)-+/+ - 4=+(4-4 4+ - ?- ; ?-*/-,

+(> +/ ?*/)@/ 4+ ?-)+( -@)(


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E(>/ *)-4( 4/4+ ( 2( 4+ -*- 4*)+ 4+(+)-/ - )-/ ; T+/+/ */- +/+4=+(4-4 @)- )/ -- :4*)=4-4 : )+(, *()( ; -( -2)+( +)4F )-+ 4+(-)- :4-*+/ 4+ +(@/ -)-( - - -/:*-)@/ 4+ + ;- - :-- /*+(-( +(:+)+(, ; + -/- +( */ +)((+- *; +/+( (

)/ +/ ( :-/-/( +( + -/+ /+. P +/+- +(+ +/+ -2)+(


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#"U# DU$C

L( -( 4+ -*- 4*)+ (+ )--)+8-/ : + - )/+/4 4+ (- +/ + -*- (+ +/)*+/-/ :/):-+/+ +/ -(, 2(, -;(, -*/-( ; *+4-+(, ( -/((


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#- ; ?-*/- 4+ ( -( 4+ -*- 4*)+. S+ )++ ( 4+ 700 +(:+)+( 4+ :+)+(, 1.!00+(:+)+( 4+ -/?( *()(, /(+)( ; -2?+( ==+/ +/ +(-( >+-(. M*)-( 4+ +(-(+(:+)+( (/ *; :+)+( 4+ :-(- : -, (/+-, *+-/ */ :-:+ (/?)-= +/ (* +4 -+/+ - *- (

-/4+( ; +/ )/)4( 4+ - )-8-)@/.V-+4-4 4+ -/-+( ==+/ +/ ( )*+:( 4+ -*- 4*)+, +(( /)*;+/ -/-(, )-/+(,)--/+(, *-( ; +/-)*-(, ; -*/( 4+ +( ==+/ -/ +/ + -*- ) +/ - +--+4+4 4+ +-, /)*;+/4 + )-(, - /*- (+ :*+4+ +/)/- ==+/4 -(-/4+( +(> + -/-2.

L( :+)+( (/ *; )*/+( +/ */ - 4+ -*- 4*)+, 4+ +), +(-( 8/-( (*++/ --+ - -+/+ :-- - :+()- ; - +--)@/. L( :( 4+ :+()-4 + (-@/ ; - *)-.

O( -/-+( ==+/ *( +/ - +- -+4+4 4+ -*-, +(( /)*;+/ + -:-)+, )+(

4+ +-, ; 8-+;-(. L- 8/- +( -/ 4/-4- : - :+(+/)- 4+ (+(, :+ / (/ -*/4-/+(

L-( )-/-)+-( --( -8*+( ; =+4+( (+ +/)*+/-/ +/ - -;2- 4+ ( -( 4+ -*-4*)+ ; *)( -/-+( 4+:+/4+/ 4+ +(( -/(( :-- -+/-(+ +/ +(+ +//, -(()-( ; :*-( 4+ -*- / (+2-/ )-:-)+( 4+ +( (/ +(-( --(. P*+4+( :+/(-K -


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S$!#

T-/ )/)4- ) (+=-( :)-+( ; ( + /+ 4+ /8@/) ; )- :)- (+) ( - (+=- +( (+)-.♣ E(- 8/- :(++ -; /+ 4+ -/(( -/ =++-+( ) -/-+(, (/ +-,

+( 4+ -)-- +( ; :-/-( +:-4-( +/+ +-( +/)/-( -(


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♣ S*( (*+( (/ ?+( : +(- -8@/, ( (+ :4*)+ - -- 4+ >+(, -( *=-( /+/(-(

:*+4+/ -=- ( /*+/+( )/ -/ -:4+8.

DSIRTO

C$I(#' L-( +:+-*-( +/ ( 4+(+( (*++ -- *) )/ +:+-*-( --( +/ + 42- ; +/- /)+ --(, +/+-+/+ :*+4+/ -)-/8- */- +:+-*- 4+ */( %0C + /)*( >(, +(-+:+- - )-+ - /)+ :*+4+ +- -(- ( 5C - )+ ; +/ -*/-( )-(/+( :*+4+ -- -/ >(, ( 4+(+( (+ )--)+8-/ : (* -- :+):-)@/ -/*-,

!"T#CION' +(-( =++-)/+( +(>/ -4-:-4-( - )/4)/+( ++-(, -( :-/-( ))-)*(, /:-+(, :--;-(, :-+-( ; +-(, -)-( - (*( ((+-( :*+4+/ --)+/- *)--*- : */ :+4 4+ +: *; -. E(-( :-/-( )/ + :-( 4+ +: -/ +)4?)-)/+( :-- :4+ (+==, ) + )- 4+ (*( -( : +(:/( ( )*-+( +((=+ ) ?- 4+ :+))@/ -/+ ( -/-+( / +/ *()- 4+ -*-. L( 4+(+(-/ )/+/+/ *)( -*(( -+(, +/ +(:-)-4(, )/ /*+(-( --( )+)- 4+ -

+- ; -( :+)+-(.

UN#& :4+( +/)/- (+:+/+(, )--+/+(, +():/+(, ->/*-(, *+(, );+( ;)-+(, ( )*-+( +(>/ *; +/ -4-:-(, -*/( 4+ +( :(++/ */- +(*)*- ):-24- ; >(:+- :-- :4+ (+ >( 4?2)+( 4+ --)- : (*( 4+:+4-4+( ; (:- -( ?*++(+:+-*-(.

10


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SU$O' L( (*+( 4+()( =-2-/ +/ )-)@/ 4+ -)*+4 - -( )/4)/+( 4+ *-, :++/+-+/+ (/ 4+ / (>)+, -@/ )- --+/. G+/+-+/+ (/ )-)>+( ; :*+4+/ (+ --+/+ (-/( 4+4 - - -- -(- 4+ +=-:-)@/ ; -*(+/)- 4+ 4+(-+, )/-)**-)@/ )//*- 4+ (-+( )-/- 4+ )-), ;+(, )* 4+ (4F. E( :4*)+ ( 4+ +( (* )- +( ? ;+/+-+/+ +4.

D+4 - (*( )/(4+-+( =--)/+( 4+ +:+-*- +/+ 42- ; /)+ -/ (+ + )/)+) + @:) ?. S+ )/(4+-/ 4+ -/ :-/)- : ( -/4+( (+=)( -+/-+( ()-+/+ +/ +-)@/ )/ + +)*( 24).

A 4?++/)- 4+ ( 4+>( +)((+-( ( :>-( +/+/ */- )-:- =++- *; :?*/4- ; : (* +(*)*- --)+/- *) )-/ )*- -;*4- - - ( +?+)( 4+ )- )>).

L( :>-( )*+/-/ )/ */-


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ESTUDIO DEL CASO

L( :>-( (/ */ 4+ ( +)((+-( >( =*/+-+( ; -+/-8-4(, (* :/):- )-*(- 4+4+-4-)@/ (+ 4++ - -( -)=4-4+( ::-( 4+ (+ *-/ ) - +:-)@/ 4+ )-@/,(*-4 - +(( :-)( (+ +/)*+/- + )-+/-+/ -.

L- +:-)@/ /+- +/ ( :>-( 4- ) +(*-4 - )/-/-)@/ 4+ -*-,)/-/-)@/ 4+ -+, -- 4+ >+( +/+ (.

S+/ R+ M-/ (+:++ !013F - -/ -;2- 4+ -( /-( -/:*-/ +:(=( +/(* :)+(. U/- =+8 +(--4(, ( +(4*(


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S%CIS P+44- 4+ - 4=+(4-4 4+ -( +(:+)+( 4+4 - - -)@/ *++, :4*) - )-


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− L( :-)( -+/-+(


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R+)*:+-4 4+ P S+- S T-4*)4 : A4-/- D+ M-) :*)-4 + 9 4+ */4+ !01!F :&.++/+(:-/.))--)+()-(?()-(--*-4*)+(-'"3307

R+)*:+-4 4+ :--( +/ :+F )-( 4+ /+2- 4+ )-@/ +/ P(- :*)-4 +/D)++ !013F

:&.++/:+-)+.)-G-)--+(!013:--(1!I/?+H!0PHC3HA1-(H!0+/H!0:+.:4? .

R+)*:+-4 4+ COPYRIG$T !016 EL TIEMPO C-(- E4-.F MINERÍA A#ECTA ALMEDIO AMBIENTE :&.++:.)-)=4)*+/MAM%97060.

R+)*:+-4 4+ A-/ $. L)4, MD #AAN.(+/ W++$4, S)D MSN RN. M;R-*), MP$. B--- G+ P*)-4 N=++ 4+ !009 F E I:-) 4+ C-@/ (+- S-*4 $*-/-%$$&'(()))*green&eace*org(c%ile(+lo#al(c%ile(Docu"en$os(Cli"a-.!

-.Energia(-./.(i"&ac$os0del0car#0n0so#re0la0s*&d1 .

Ambientalistas. (21 de mayo de 2005). Recuperado el 4 de marzo de 2016, de ambientalistas:

ttp:!!""".azulambientalistas.or#!man#lares.tml .

$colo#%a oy. (2& de 'ulio de 201). Recuperado el 4 de marzo de 2016, de ecolo#%a oy:

ttp:!!""".ecolo#iaoy.com!man#lares.

Ram%rez, . *. (15 de octubre de 2001). +iencia once. Recuperado el 5 de marzo de 2016, de

+iencia once: ttp:!!ponce.inter.edu!acad!cursos!ciencia!pa#es!man#lares.tm .
http://www.ehowenespanol.com/caracteristicas-fisicas-bioma-agua-dulce-lista_83307/http://www.ehowenespanol.com/caracteristicas-fisicas-bioma-agua-dulce-lista_83307/http://www.greenpeace.org/colombia/Global/colombia/images/2013/paramos/12/Informe%20P%C3%A1ramos%20en%20peligro.pdfhttp://www.greenpeace.org/colombia/Global/colombia/images/2013/paramos/12/Informe%20P%C3%A1ramos%20en%20peligro.pdfhttp://www.greenpeace.org/colombia/Global/colombia/images/2013/paramos/12/Informe%20P%C3%A1ramos%20en%20peligro.pdfhttp://www.eltiempo.com/archivo/documento/MAM-497060http://www.eltiempo.com/archivo/documento/MAM-497060http://www.greenpeace.org/chile/Global/chile/Documentos/Clima%20y%20Energia/2010/impactos-del-carb-n-sobre-la-s.pdfhttp://www.greenpeace.org/chile/Global/chile/Documentos/Clima%20y%20Energia/2010/impactos-del-carb-n-sobre-la-s.pdfhttp://www.azulambientalistas.org/manglares.htmlhttp://www.ecologiahoy.com/manglareshttp://ponce.inter.edu/acad/cursos/ciencia/pages/manglares.htmhttp://ponce.inter.edu/acad/cursos/ciencia/pages/manglares.htmhttp://www.ehowenespanol.com/caracteristicas-fisicas-bioma-agua-dulce-lista_83307/http://www.greenpeace.org/colombia/Global/colombia/images/2013/paramos/12/Informe%20P%C3%A1ramos%20en%20peligro.pdfhttp://www.greenpeace.org/colombia/Global/colombia/images/2013/paramos/12/Informe%20P%C3%A1ramos%20en%20peligro.pdfhttp://www.eltiempo.com/archivo/documento/MAM-497060http://www.greenpeace.org/chile/Global/chile/Documentos/Clima%20y%20Energia/2010/impactos-del-carb-n-sobre-la-s.pdfhttp://www.greenpeace.org/chile/Global/chile/Documentos/Clima%20y%20Energia/2010/impactos-del-carb-n-sobre-la-s.pdfhttp://www.azulambientalistas.org/manglares.htmlhttp://www.ecologiahoy.com/manglareshttp://ponce.inter.edu/acad/cursos/ciencia/pages/manglares.htm

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Comunidades, Poblaciones y Ecosistemas. Entrega Final