Computers Basic

8/8/2019 Computers Basic

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Computer Basics

Hardware

(Jet king)

Software

(MCSE)

Network

(CCNA)

Multimedia

(Arena, Maya)

Web Designing

(JSP, ASP)

Programmer

(Visual Studio, C)

Developer

(Game, Software Specific)



Hardware

All the items that can be seen andfelt are hardware.

SoftwareThey are the set of instructions

given to computer, so as to performautomated tasks. Cannot be felt





Common Hardware used in P

CPU : Processing Unit

Monitor : Output DeviceKeyboard : Input Device

Mouse : Pointing Device

Speaker : Output DeviceScanner : Input Device

Printer : Out put Device



The computer you are using to read

this page uses a processor to do its work.

The processor is the heart of any normal

computer. The processor coordinates the

flow of information between the various

components of your system. It performs

mathematical operations and works on

various kinds of data.

THE PROCESSOR



The RAM is where data is stored before the

processor or any other component accesses it. Thismemory is volatile. You can access the data stored here

at a very fast rate compared to any other storage

system.

RAM

HARD DISK DRIVEHARD DISK DRIVEHard disk drives are storehouses of information

that hold all the programs and data in your computer.One important feature of a hard disk drive is that it does

not lose information even after the system is powered

down.



The motherboard is the very foundation upon

which your computer system is built. It is used as aphysical and electronic foundation to interconnect the

various components in your computer system.

MOTHERBOARD

OPTICAL DRIVE

The CDROM / DVD drive is used to run data,

video and audio disks. DVD Drive can run DVDs as well

as CDs.



Media Access on a

CD

Access on a

DVD

CD Yes No

CD-R Yes No

CD-RW Yes No

DVD Yes Yes

DVD-R Yes Yes

DVD-RW Yes Yes

DVD Combo Yes Yes

OPTICAL DRIVE

(Read-Write Limitations)



Floppy drives are one of the few devices

that have managed to last it out ever since the

first computers were created. This is a storage

device that became very popular simply because

of its large installed base and ease of use.

FLOPPY DRIVE

5 ½ inch Floppy : 360 KB3 ¼ inch Floppy : 1.44 MB



The monitor is a display system that works

in very much the same manner as your televisionat home. Newer display systems are now

available in the form of TFT and LCD monitors

that use the same principles as that of your digital

watch.

MONITOR

MOUSE

The mouse is the device that lets you point

the cursor to any part of the screen in a graphical

operating system like Windows.



The keyboard is an input device that lets you

type information into your computer. Keyboards are

classified according to the technology that is used to

construct the keys, like membrane switches or

mechanical switches, and also according to the

number of keys it contains.

KEYBOARDKEYBOARD

MODEMThe modem connects use the phone line to transmit and

receive information (connect your computer to the outside world).

The word modem is derived from the words Modulator Demodulator.

Service Max Speed Download Speed

Commercial Line : 56 KBPs 1-3 KBPs

Cable Net : 256 KBPs 40-65 KBPs



The LAN card enables you to link your

computer to other computers using a network.

The LAN card plugs into your computer and uponconfiguration lets you share files and use other

resources, such as printers, in a network. It is

most often found in office computers where

information needs to be shared.

LAN CARD



Software: Set of Instructions in a sequential Manner

Windows, Linux, Novel, Mac: Works between DOS anduser to provide Graphical user interface.

Disk Operating System (DOS): Basic Software requireto operate a PC. It acts as interpreter between hardwareand software in a PC

SYSTEM SOFTWARESYSTEM SOFTWARE

DriversDrivers

Drivers: Software that works as interpreter betweendifferent Hardware components of a PC



APPLICATION SOFTWAREAPPLICATION SOFTWARE

These software are meant to handlespecial tasks by the user. Examples:

Win amp: to play Songs

PowerPoint: PresentationsMedia Player: Video FilesNero : CD WritingFlash: Animations

Internet Explorer: To Preview Web Pages.FrontPage : To make Web Pages.



Interaction with the PC

When you listen a songHardwareHardware

DOS & DriversDOS & Drivers

WindowsWindows

Win ampWin amp

Speaker Speaker



CPU: Central Processing UnitCPU: Central Processing Unit

CPU Consists of:

Mother Board : Platform for other components

Processor : Brain of ComputerRAM (Random Access Memory) : Temporary Storage Device

HDD (Hard Disk Drive) : Data Storage for the ComputerFDD (Floppy Disk Drive) : Removable Storage Media

CDD (Compact Disc Drive) : Removable Storage MediaSMPS : Power supply for the PC



HDD : Hard Disk DriveHDD : Hard Disk Drive

One and only Purpose of Hard disk is to store DATAOne and only Purpose of Hard disk is to store DATA

How much data can a Hard Disk Handle

?? ????



Each character contributes 8 Bits to the Storage Device

8 Bits : 1 Byte1024 Byte : 1 Kb (Kilobyte)1024 Kb : 1 Mb (Megabyte)

1024 Mb : 1 Gb (Gigabyte)1024 Gb : 1 Tb (Terabyte)

1024 Tb : 1 (Terrobyte)

Modern HDD may have a capacities ranging120 Gb and above

120 Gb is sufficient to accommodate a 100 word write up foreach individual of India. (128849018880 Words)



Capacity of Various DevicesCapacity of Various Devices5.25¶ Floppy : 360 Kb3.5¶ Floppy : 1.44 MbCD ROM : 650 MB

DVD : 4.7 GBHDD : 5 Gb to 360 GbMag Tape Drive : 500 Gb to 10 TbRAM : 64 Mb to 1 Gb (Single Piece)

Digi. Cam(Stick)

: 128 MBNormal Audio File : 8 Mb to 12 Mb /minuteMP3 Audio File : 900 Kb to 1.4 Mb/ minuteVideo File : 10 Mb/ minuteNormal Picture : 50 Kb



Maintenance of HDDMaintenance of HDD

Partitioning

Scanning

Formatting

Defragment



Benefits of Partitioning a HDDBenefits of Partitioning a HDD

1.Better Speed of PC2.More Facilities of Data Storage

3.BackupFacility4.System Restoration Facility

5.Better Functionality6.Multiple OS can be loaded

HDD is electronically divided to parts calleddrives. Address of Drive starting from C, D , E , F« and

so on.



Factors affecting Speed of Computer Factors affecting Speed of Computer

1. Processor Speed2. Cache Memory3. Buss Speed (RAM, Motherboard)

4.RAM5. Type of HDD6. Blank space in root drive

7. Size of root driveTwo PC of same configuration from Pt.1 to Pt.5 may differin performance due to Pt. 6 and Pt. 7



RAM Size in Mb (Megabytes)

Processor

Speed

64 Mb 128 Mb 256

Mb

384 Mb 512

Mb

640

Mb

768

Mb

Cel 1.7 GHz 4 Gb 5 Gb 6 Gb 6 Gb 7 Gb 8 Gb **

Cel 2.0 GHz 4 Gb 5 Gb 6 Gb 6 Gb 7 Gb 8 Gb **

P-3 1.2 GHz 4 Gb 5 Gb 6 Gb 6 Gb 7 Gb 8 Gb **

P-4 2.4 GHz ** 7 Gb 8 Gb 9 Gb 10 Gb 12 Gb 15 Gb

P-4 2.8 GHz ** 7 Gb 8 Gb 9 Gb 10 Gb 12 Gb 15 Gb

AMD 2200 ** 6 Gb 7 Gb 8 Gb 9 Gb 10 Gb 11 Gb

AMD 2400 ** 6 Gb 7 Gb 8 Gb 9 Gb 10 Gb 11 Gb

AMD 64+ ** 7 Gb 8 Gb 9 Gb 10 Gb 12 Gb 15 Gb

Ideal Size of Root Drive in a 40Gb HDD(Approx)

Remaining HDD may be partitioned each drive 20% of total size



40 Gb

100%

Consider a system with following configurationConsider a system with following configuration

PP--IV, 2.4 GHz, 256 Mb RAM, 40 GB HDD IV, 2.4 GHz, 256 Mb RAM, 40 GB HDD

C Drive of capacity 40 GB

Root Drive Having following data:Operating SystemDocumentsSongsGames

PresentationsVideo Coverage of unforgettable Indian Win in world

cup.

Consider Operating system Failure



Consider a system with following configurationConsider a system with following configuration

PP--IV, 2.4 GHz, 256 Mb RAM, 40 GB HDDIV, 2.4 GHz, 256 Mb RAM, 40 GB HDD

C Drive: Operating SystemD Drive: DocumentsE Drive: SongsF Drive: GamesG Drive: Presentations

H Drive:Video Coverage of unforgettable Indian Win in world cup.

Consider Operating system Failure

Games

4%

ongs

26%

Present

ations

9%

Op ys

4% Docum

ents9%

Video

28%



PERFORMANCE DIFFERENCEPERFORMANCE DIFFERENCEThe Second PC will be more then twice as fast asfirst.

Data is more secured in Second PC.

Searching a particular file is easy in second PC.

In case of Operating System Failure the first PCwill lose all its data, where as second PC will loseonly operating system which can be restored byloading operating system.

