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Computer Terms
AUP Acceptable Use Policy List of rules and guidelines
that must be followed if you are going to use the Clark County School
Districts computers
networkA group of connected computers that allow people to share information and equipment.
server A larger computer that manages all
the computers and devices at our school.
The server allows us to share programs and resources, such as printers. The server also lets us access the Internet.
After you log on to a computer in room 201, you need to connect to the server.
user name and password
User name is a code used by people that lets them access a network computer.
The user name is used in combination with a password.
warm boot• To re-start a computer that is
already on•A warm boot is sometimes
necessary when a program encounters an error from which it cannot recover. Like when the computer “freezes.”
•Press CTRL + Command + ESC to do a warm boot.
cold boot•The start-up of a computer from the off state.
•Press the POWER button.
crash•A serious computer failure•A computer crash means that the
computer itself stops working or that a program stops unexpectedly.
•A crash signifies either a hardware malfunction or a very serious software bug.
desktop•The on-screen background
•The screen that is displayed when there are no programs active.
dock•The bar of icons that sits at the bottom of the screen
iconA small picture that represents something
This is the icon for Type to Learn 4. Click on it to open the program.
active windowThe current viewing area on a computer screen
This is the active window.
menu barLocated at the top of the window
This contains a list of commands
internetThe worldwide network of computers that can communicate with each other.
Founded in the 1960's
World Wide Web (WWW)
An electronic collection of information posted on websites
Part of the internet
website•A location on the World Wide Web where information is presented using graphics, text, and sound
URLUniform Resource
LocatorThe address of a webpage on the World Wide Web
homepage•The first page of a website
hyperlink•A highlighted or underlined word or graphic on a website that takes you to a different location on the Internet
when you click on it
HTML (Hyper Text Markup
Locator)
•The computer language that is used to create a
website
“surfing” the web
•Clicking on a hyperlink word or picture will take you from one website to another. By clicking from picture to picture or page to page, you are doing what is called, “surfing” the web.
accuracy
• The ability to type without errors.
• Our accuracy goal for the end of this semester is 90%.
WPM
• Words Per Minute• How fast you can type• Our WPM goal for the end of
the semester is 25.
homerow When at rest, the fingers
are positioned, lightly, on the A-S-D-F keys for the left hand, and the J-K-L-; keys for the right hand.
It is called the home row because most of the time your fingers will be resting on or near these keys as a guide.
ergonomics
• The scientific study of human work conditions.
• Developing a comfortable position helps us work better.
What is HARDWARE?Any part of the computer you can touch physically.
Examples:monitor keyboard
What is SOFTWARE (programs)?
A list of instructions or steps that tells a computer what to do.
Examples:
Safari, Type to Learn, Microsoft Word, Video Games.
cyber -•A prefix that means “anything to do with computers”
cyberspace, cyberchat, cyberdating
modem• A device that allows a computer to
send information to another computer• Types of modems:
– telephone modem –cable modem –DSL modem (Digital Subscriber Line)–wireless modem
ISP - Internet Service Provider
•Any company that provides access to the internet
•Examples: Embarq, Cox
browser•Software that allows you to
access and navigate the contents of the internet.
•Netscape and Explorer are the two most popular browsers
search engine• A program that searches a
database of websites for words that you enter into the program. It provides a list of sites that contain those words.
• Google and Yahoo are popular search engines.
start menuClicking on the start menu brings up a list of shortcuts to start your programs.
task barMain job is to show what applications are currently running.Also holds the start menu button at the far left
open application
Each open application will have a button on the taskbar These are open
applications.
title barLocated at the top of a window
The name of the window is located on the title bar
minimize button
It makes the window collapse into the task bar Minimize button
maximize button
This will increase the size of the window to its full size maximize button
close buttonThis will close (exit) a window
close button
scroll barMoves the contents of the window
Faster than the scroll arrows
Scroll bar
scroll arrowsMoves the contents of the window
scroll arrows
wordprocessing•Using a computer to create, edit, and print documents
Microsoft Word is a wordprocessing program.
DOCUMENT
cursor
• A marker on the screen that shows where current input or output is going to happen
• It may appear as a blinking vertical line, an underline, or an arrow
header•text and/or pictures that appear at the top of each page of a document header
footer•text and/or pictures that appear at the bottom of each page of a document
footer
Document•A computer file that you type on.
Sentence: I created a document in Microsoft Word.
hard copy•The paper copy of a document
This printer is printinga hard copy.
That’s a hard copy!
Graphics/Clip Art
• pictures or clip art that can be added to a document
graphics
Page Orientation
•Portrait “like a school picture”
•Landscape“like an award”
margin•The strips of white space around the edge of the paper.
*Margins are usually preset at 1 inch, but you can change them.
margins
alignment•The way lines of text are arranged on the page
tabs A way of aligning text on the paper. Use the tab markers to set the tabs.
Then press the tab button each time you want to move to the next column.
Left Tabs Center Tab
Tab Button
zoom in/outClick on the button on the right to “zoom-in” - get a close-up view of your document
Click on the button on the left to “zoom-out” – get a far away view of you document
line spacingThe number of blank spaces between lines of type.
single-spacing and double-spacing are the most common
columns A way of aligning text on the
paper. Use the column buttons. Press
the one on the right to raise and the one on the left to lower.
font• A design for textExamples:Times New RomanComic Sans MS Arial
Change the font here.
Or change the font here.
point size•Used to measure the height of text
Examples: 12 point 16 point 24 point 32 point
Change the point size here.
Or change the point size here.
spreadsheetA computer application
where you can calculate formulas and create graphs
rowThe horizontal cells in one line of a spreadsheet
Identified by a numberrow
columnThe vertical cells in one line of a spreadsheet
Identified by a letter
column
cellThe intersection of a row and a column
cell
cell addressName the identifies a cell’s column and row
This is where you can find the cell’s address
active cellThe cell currently being worked on
This the active cell. It is outlined.
entry bar•Type text, numbers, or formulas here. When you press ENTER, it will appear in the active cell.
entry bar
formula A calculation entered into a
spreadsheet It always starts with an
equal sign!formula
copyright
piracy•The illegal use, copying, and sale of software
•Most software products instruct the user that only one copy of the product may be installed on a system at any given time
netiquette•The set of manners and rules of conduct for Internet users
hacker
• a person who illegally gains access to another person’s computer information - an unauthorized user
spam•Unwanted email - often rude
•Can include advertising
cookie•A small file on your computer that has information and identification allowing you faster access to a website
button bar•Pressing a button on the button bar gives access to menu commands and tools
Press to underline selected text.
Press to spell check.
Press to print.
show/hide toolsClick on the red toolbox to show the tool bar.
Click on the red toolbox again to hide the tool bar.
database•A computer application that
you use to store, sort, and search information
dataValues stored in a database
data
record A set of fields Contains information about
one thing
record
field The smallest unit of
information in a database A record is made up of fields
field
sort Sorting data in the
database based on certain criteria
report Generating a printed report
that contains certain predefined criteria
title bar
• Located at the top of a window
• The name of the program is here
That’s the title bar!! The blue one.
minimize button
• Click on this to make the window shrink and rest on the dock
That’s the minimize button!
maximize button
• Click on this to increase the size of a window to its full size.
That’s the maximize button!
close button
• Click on this to close (exit) a window
That’s the close button! The red one with the X.
LAN
• A Local Area Network (LAN) is a network where computers are located in the same building.
WAN
• A Wide Area Network (WAN) is a network where computers are located in different buildings.
• The internet is a WAN
landscape
• A way of printing so that the text appears the wide way on the paper.
• FILE>PAGE SETUP>ORIENTATION
portrait
• A way of printing so that the text appears the tall way on the paper.
• FILE>PAGE SETUP>ORIENTATION
alignmentAKA: justification
•The arrangement of text in relationship to the margin.
Left alignment means that text is lined up along the LEFT margin. Right alignment lines up
text along the RIGHT margin.
Centered alignment means that text is aligned around a MIDPOINT.
Justified alignment means that text lines up along BOTH margins.
file• Information stored as an organized
series of bits so it can be recognized by computer software.
• Not all files can be used by all software.
• Different types of files store different types of information. For example, program files store programs, whereas text files store text.
document
• A wordprocessing file That is a document!
format
• The layout or appearance of a document
• Includes margins, alignment, font, point size, etc.
clip art• Illustrations that can be inserted
into a document
• HOW TO INSERT CLIP ART: 1. (FILE>SHOW CLIPPINGS) -OR- (apple+2) 2. Type in the name of the item you are looking for 3. When the item appears, double click on it and it will appear on your page.
**To resize clipart proportionately hold the shift key while you are resizing.
supercomputer• Fastest, most powerful type of
computer• Supercomputing means "mass
computing at ultra high speed." • Used for weather maps,
construction of atom bombs, finding oil, earthquake prediction, and sciences where a lot of calculations must be done.
mainframe• Large, high power, expensive
computer• Used in large organizations or
companies• A typical mainframe from IBM weighs
between 1 and 2 tons. • The ENIAC and Mark I are two of the
first mainframe computers.
minicomputer• Multiuser computer with a size
and processing power between those of a microcomputer and a mainframe
• Minicomputers are often used in medium-sized businesses and in university departments
microcomputer• Small desktop or portable computer• Typically designed to be used by one
person at a time, although individual computers can be linked in a network so that users can share data and programs
• Microcomputers are the smallest of the four types of computers (the others are minicomputer, mainframe, and supercomputer.
bug•An error or defect in software or hardware that causes a program to malfunction
virus•A program that makes that computer
follow the wrong set of instructions• It is loaded onto your computer
without your knowledge and runs against your wishes
•They are manmade and can make copies of themselves
anti-virus program
•Software that monitors the computer for viruses by looking for irregularities in the system
worm•A program that replicates itself over a computer network and usually performs malicious actions such as using up the computer’s resources and possibly shutting the system down
freeware and
shareware•Copyrighted software distributed on a free-will donation
•Can usually be found on the Internet or passed along from person to person
hacking•Illegally entering a computer system without permission
Memory
Motherboard
Multimedia
Surge Protector
Laptop
RAM
ROM
Bit
telecommunicating
• Transmitting and receiving computer data over telephone lines by using a computer
LAN - Local Area Network
•A network where the computers are all located in the same building
WAN – Wide Area Network
•A network where the computers are all located in different buildings
email•Electronic messages•Mail sent over the internet
chat•An electronic conversation
Surfing the Web
•Moving from one website to another
client•A computer accessing the Internet