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COMPUTER SYSTEM

BY: MUQRI AQIL BIN MAZMAN

4 al-Farabi

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COMPUTER SYSTEM DEFINITION

A computer system is defined as combination of components designed

to process data and store files. A computer system consist of four

major hardware components; input devices, output devices, processor

and storage devices. A computer system requires hardware, software

and a user to fully function.

A system of interconnected computers that share a central storage

system and various peripheral devices such as a printers, scanners, or

routers. Each computer connected to the system can operate

independently, but has the ability to communicate with other external

devices and computers.

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COMPUTER SYSTEM COMPUTER HARDWARE BLOCK DIAGRAM

INPUT PROCESSOR OUTPUT

STORAGE

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COMPUTER SYSTEMD DEFINITION OF INPUT

In computing, an input device is any peripheral (piece of computer hardware equipment) used

to provide data and control signals to an information processing system such as a computer or

other information appliance. Examples of input devices include keyboards, mouse, scanners,

digital cameras and joysticks.

Many input devices can be classified according to:

modality of input (e.g. mechanical motion, audio, visual, etc.)

the input is discrete (e.g. key presses) or continuous (e.g. a mouse's position, though

digitized into a discrete quantity, is fast enough to be considered continuous)

the number of degrees of freedom involved (e.g. two-dimensional traditional mice, or

three-dimensional navigators designed for CAD applications)

Pointing devices, which are input devices used to specify a position in space, can further be

classified according to:

Whether the input is direct or indirect. With direct input, the input space coincides with

the display space, i.e. pointing is done in the space where visual feedback or the pointer

appears. Touchscreens and light pens involve direct input. Examples involving indirect

input include the mouse and trackball.

Whether the positional information is absolute (e.g. on a touch screen) or relative (e.g.

with a mouse that can be lifted and repositioned)

Direct input is almost necessarily absolute, but indirect input may be either absolute or

relative.[clarification needed] For example, digitizing graphics tablets that do not have an

embedded screen involve indirect input and sense absolute positions and are often run in an

absolute input mode, but they may also be set up to simulate a relative input mode like that of

a touchpad, where the stylus or puck can be lifted and repositioned.

Input and output devices make up the hardware interface between a computer and a scanner

or 6DOF controller.

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COMPUTER SYSTEM EXAMPLE OF INPUT DEVICES

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COMPUTER SYSTEM DEFINITION OF PROCESSOR

A processor, or "microprocessor," is a small chip that resides in computers and other electronic

devices. Its basic job is to receive input and provide the appropriate output. While this may

seem like a simple task, modern processors can handle trillions of calculations per second.

The central processor of a computer is also known as the CPU, or "central processing unit." This

processor handles all the basic system instructions, such as processing mouse and keyboard

input and running applications. Most desktop computers contain a CPU developed by either

Intel or AMD, both of which use the x86 processor architecture. Mobile devices, such as laptops

and tablets may use Intel and AMD CPUs, but can also use specific mobile processors

developed by companies like ARM or Apple.

Modern CPUs often include multiple processing cores, which work together to process

instructions. While these "cores" are contained in one physical unit, they are actually individual

processors. In fact, if you view your computer's performance with a system monitoring utility

like Windows Task Manager (Windows) or Activity Monitor (Mac OS X), you will see separate

graphs for each processor. Processors that include two cores are called dual-core processors,

while those with four cores are called quad-core processors. Some high-end workstations

contain multiple CPUs with multiple cores, allowing a single machine to have eight, twelve, or

even more processing cores.

Besides the central processing unit, most desktop and laptop computers also include a GPU.

This processor is specifically designed for rendering graphics that are output on a monitor.

Desktop computers often have a video card that contains the GPU, while mobile devices

usually contain a graphics chip that is integrated into the motherboard. By using separate

processors for system and graphics processing, computers are able to handle graphic-intensive

applications more efficiently.

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COMPUTER SYSTEM EXAMPLE OF PROCESSOR

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COMPUTER SYSTEM DEFINITION OF STORAGE

A computer storage device is any type of hardware that stores data. The

most common type of storage device, which nearly all computers have,

is a hard drive. The computer's primary hard drive stores the operating

system, applications, and files and folders for users of the computer.

While the hard drive is the most ubiquitous of all storage devices, several

other types are common as well. Flash memory devices, such as USB

keychain drives and iPod nanos are popular ways to store data in a small,

mobile format. Other types of flash memory, such as compact flash and

SD cards are popular ways to store images taken by digital cameras.

External hard drives that connect via Firewire and USB are also common.

These types of drives are often used for backing up internal hard drives,

storing video or photo libraries, or for simply adding extra storage.

Finally, tape drives, which use reels of tape to store data, are another

type of storage device and are typically used for backing up data.

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COMPUTER SYSTEM EXAMPLE OF STORAGE

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COMPUTER SYSTEM DEFINITION OF OUTPUT

Any device that outputs information from a computer is called, not surprisingly, an output device. Since most information from a computer is output in either a visual or auditory format, the most common output devices are the monitor and speakers. These two devices provide instant feedback to the user's input, such as displaying characters as they are typed or playing a song selected from a playlist.

While monitors and speakers are the most common output devices, there are many others. Some examples include headphones, printers, projectors, lighting control systems, audio recording devices, and robotic machines. A computer without an output device connected to it is pretty useless, since the output is what we interact with. Anyone who has ever had a monitor or printer stop working knows just how true this is. Of course, it is also important to be able to send information to the computer, which requires an input device.

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COMPUTER SYSTEM EXAMPLE OF OUTPUT DEVICES

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COMPUTER SYSTEM REFERENCE

http://www.techterms.com/

http://en.wikipedia.org/

www.computerhope.com/jargon/o/outputde.

html

PCmagazine