Computer Repair & Maintenance. Tel: 0161 953 5995 Ex 3374 [email protected] Ainsley Smith

Computer Repair & Computer Repair & MaintenanceMaintenance

Tel: 0161 953 5995 Ex Tel: 0161 953 5995 Ex 33743374

[email protected][email protected]

Ainsley SmithAinsley Smith

Installing an operating system, drivers and

applications on a PCToday's Session

The need for an operating system Testing hardware and fixing failures

before installing an operating system (OS)

Various operating systems available, Minimum system requirements The BIOS Device drivers Applications

The need for an operating system?

An operating system performs basic tasks An operating system performs basic tasks such as controlling and allocating such as controlling and allocating memorymemory

Prioritising system requests, controlling Prioritising system requests, controlling input and output devices, input and output devices,

Facilitating networking and managing file Facilitating networking and managing file systems systems

The operating system forms a platform The operating system forms a platform for other system software and for for other system software and for application software application software

Process managementProcess management Every program running on a computer, be it Every program running on a computer, be it

a service or an application, is a process a service or an application, is a process Memory managementMemory management

An operating system's memory manager An operating system's memory manager coordinates the use of these various types of coordinates the use of these various types of memory by tracking which one is available memory by tracking which one is available

Usually referred to as virtual memory Usually referred to as virtual memory management management


Disk and file systemsDisk and file systems All operating systems include support for a All operating systems include support for a

variety of file systemsvariety of file systems FAT32 - NTFSFAT32 - NTFS

NetworkingNetworking Most current operating systems are capable of Most current operating systems are capable of

using the TCP/IP networking protocols using the TCP/IP networking protocols This means that one system can appear on a This means that one system can appear on a

network of the other and share resources such network of the other and share resources such as files, printersas files, printers


Security Security Many operating systems include some level of Many operating systems include some level of

security security Internal security: an already running programInternal security: an already running program External security: a new request from outside the External security: a new request from outside the

computer computer Graphical user interfaces Graphical user interfaces

Most modern operating systems contain Graphical Most modern operating systems contain Graphical User InterfacesUser Interfaces

In the original implementations of Microsoft Windows In the original implementations of Microsoft Windows the GUI was actually part of the operating systemthe GUI was actually part of the operating system

Modern operating systems are modular, separating Modern operating systems are modular, separating the graphics subsystem from the O/Sthe graphics subsystem from the O/S


Device drivers Device drivers A device driver is a specific type of A device driver is a specific type of

computer software developed to allow computer software developed to allow interaction with hardware devices interaction with hardware devices


Why test the system ?Why test the system ? No point going any further if system No point going any further if system

components do not work.components do not work. It will be impossible to install an O/S or It will be impossible to install an O/S or

the system will have errors and be the system will have errors and be unstable.unstable.

Testing hardware and fixing Testing hardware and fixing failuresfailures

Testing hardware and fixing Testing hardware and fixing failures failures

Check the LED’s on the front of the case.Check the LED’s on the front of the case. During boot-up, the HDD LED should light. During boot-up, the HDD LED should light. If it does, it is connected properly to the motherboard. If it does, it is connected properly to the motherboard. If not, try reversing the leads on the LED plug, or just If not, try reversing the leads on the LED plug, or just

turning it around. turning it around. You can also check that the power LED You can also check that the power LED Check the hard drive. Make sure it is spinning. Check the hard drive. Make sure it is spinning.

Check the fans. Check the fans. Make sure the CPU fan, power supply fan, are all Make sure the CPU fan, power supply fan, are all

spinning.spinning. If your video card happens to have a fan, make sure it If your video card happens to have a fan, make sure it

spins freely as well.spins freely as well.

Make sure the CD-ROM has Make sure the CD-ROM has power by hitting the eject button power by hitting the eject button and seeing if it opens. and seeing if it opens.

Hit the reset button to be sure it Hit the reset button to be sure it works. While it reboots, check to works. While it reboots, check to be sure all the data on the BIOS be sure all the data on the BIOS splash screen is correct to your splash screen is correct to your system. system.


Let the system run for 10-15 Let the system run for 10-15 minutes. minutes. While it is running, go into your CMOS While it is running, go into your CMOS

setup again and go to the PC Health setup again and go to the PC Health screen so that you can monitor the CPU screen so that you can monitor the CPU temperatures while it is running.temperatures while it is running.

The purpose in doing this is to ensure The purpose in doing this is to ensure that the processor is being adequately that the processor is being adequately cooled and will not lead to instability.cooled and will not lead to instability.


MS-DOSMS-DOS WindowsWindows

NT , 9X,2000,XP,2003 etcNT , 9X,2000,XP,2003 etc LinuxLinux Mac OSXMac OSX UnixUnix

Popular Operating Popular Operating systemssystems

Minimum system requirements

What do we mean by minimum What do we mean by minimum system requirements ?system requirements ? It’s the basic hardware that is needed It’s the basic hardware that is needed

to run the Operating system / to run the Operating system / applicationsapplications

Ignoring this requirement may result in Ignoring this requirement may result in CUP overload – (heat)CUP overload – (heat)

Here's What You Need to Use Here's What You Need to Use Windows XP ProfessionalWindows XP Professional PC with 300 megahertz or higher processor PC with 300 megahertz or higher processor

clock speed recommended; clock speed recommended; 128 megabytes (MB) of RAM or higher 128 megabytes (MB) of RAM or higher

recommended (64 MB minimum supported; recommended (64 MB minimum supported; may limit performance and some features)may limit performance and some features)

1.5 gigabytes (GB) of available hard disk 1.5 gigabytes (GB) of available hard disk spacespace

Super VGA (800 x 600) or higher-resolution Super VGA (800 x 600) or higher-resolution video adapter and monitorvideo adapter and monitor

CD-ROM or DVD driveCD-ROM or DVD drive Keyboard and Microsoft Mouse or Keyboard and Microsoft Mouse or

compatible pointing devicecompatible pointing device

Minimum system requirements

The BIOS What is the BIOSWhat is the BIOS

Basic Input/Output SystemBasic Input/Output System

BIOS refers to the code “Firmware” BIOS refers to the code “Firmware” run by a personal computer when run by a personal computer when first powered on.first powered on.

The primary function of the BIOS is The primary function of the BIOS is to identify and initiate component to identify and initiate component hardware, (such as hard drives, hardware, (such as hard drives, floppies, and CDs)floppies, and CDs)

This is to prepare the machine so other This is to prepare the machine so other software programs stored on various media software programs stored on various media can load, execute, and assume control of the can load, execute, and assume control of the PC. PC.

This process is known as booting, or booting This process is known as booting, or booting up, which is short for bootstrapping.up, which is short for bootstrapping.

The BIOS runs off the PROM, EPROM or, The BIOS runs off the PROM, EPROM or, most commonly, flash memory when the most commonly, flash memory when the computer is powered oncomputer is powered on

The BIOS

Device DriversDevice Drivers

What are Device drivers ?What are Device drivers ? A device driver, or “software driver” is A device driver, or “software driver” is

a computer program allowing higher-a computer program allowing higher-level computer programs to interact level computer programs to interact with a computer hardware devicewith a computer hardware device

A driver typically communicates with A driver typically communicates with the device through the computer bus to the device through the computer bus to which the hardware is connectedwhich the hardware is connected

Drivers are hardware-dependent and Drivers are hardware-dependent and operating-system-specific. operating-system-specific.

Purpose of a driverPurpose of a driver Device drivers act like a translator Device drivers act like a translator

between a device and the applications between a device and the applications or operating systems that use it.or operating systems that use it.


Where from ?Where from ? Obtained from original Hardware cd-rom Obtained from original Hardware cd-rom For up-to-date drivers use the For up-to-date drivers use the

manufacturers web site and browse the manufacturers web site and browse the support pages.support pages.

Many drivers now come pr-installed with Many drivers now come pr-installed with Win XP or Vista but may still be quite old.Win XP or Vista but may still be quite old.

Hp Printer DriversHp Printer Drivers


Applications

OfficeOffice In 1989, Microsoft introduced its most In 1989, Microsoft introduced its most

successful office product, Microsoft successful office product, Microsoft Office. Office.

This was a bundle of separate office This was a bundle of separate office productivity applications, such as productivity applications, such as Microsoft Word and Microsoft ExcelMicrosoft Word and Microsoft Excel

Office ProfessionalOffice Professional Includes Access Outlook Contact Includes Access Outlook Contact

manager and Publisher.manager and Publisher.

Alternatives to MS officeAlternatives to MS office Corel WordPerfect Office Corel WordPerfect Office Star Office (Sun micro systems)Star Office (Sun micro systems) Open Office (freeware version of Star Open Office (freeware version of Star

Office)Office) Google Docs & Spreadsheets (online)Google Docs & Spreadsheets (online)

Applications

Internet ExplorerInternet Explorer In July 1995, Microsoft released the In July 1995, Microsoft released the

Windows 95 operating system, which Windows 95 operating system, which included key technologies for connecting to included key technologies for connecting to the Internet. the Internet.

In response to the growing public interest in In response to the growing public interest in the Internet, Microsoft created an add-on to the Internet, Microsoft created an add-on to the operating system called Internet the operating system called Internet Explorer 1.0. Explorer 1.0.

The Internet became much more accessible The Internet became much more accessible for many more people.for many more people.

Applications

Alternatives to MS IE6Alternatives to MS IE6 Although it's still in beta, Mozilla's new Although it's still in beta, Mozilla's new

Firefox browser has so far lived up to the Firefox browser has so far lived up to the buzz surrounding it. buzz surrounding it. Created by the programmers who originally Created by the programmers who originally

programmed Netscapeprogrammed Netscape If you want a browser that's been If you want a browser that's been

thoroughly vetted, Mozilla itself is an option.thoroughly vetted, Mozilla itself is an option. Opera has held its own for several years and Opera has held its own for several years and

has its own following. There are free and has its own following. There are free and paid versions of Opera available. paid versions of Opera available.

Applications

AntivirusAntivirus Traditional antivirus works via a blacklist Traditional antivirus works via a blacklist

approach, identifying known bad files and approach, identifying known bad files and responding accordingly responding accordingly

Antivirus software needs to be updated Antivirus software needs to be updated regularly with the new blacklist or Patch.regularly with the new blacklist or Patch.

Subscription -Antivirus SoftwareSubscription -Antivirus Software MacAfee MacAfee SophosSophos NortonNorton

Free -Antivirus SoftwareFree -Antivirus Software AVG AVG KasperskyKaspersky

Security Applications

Firewall softwareFirewall software Windows FirewallWindows Firewall

A protective boundary that monitors and A protective boundary that monitors and restricts information that travels restricts information that travels between your computer and a network or between your computer and a network or the Internet. the Internet.

This provides a line of defence against This provides a line of defence against someone who might try to access your someone who might try to access your computer from outside the Windows computer from outside the Windows Firewall without your permission. Firewall without your permission.


Firewall softwareFirewall software Windows FirewallWindows Firewall

Service Pack 1 did not detect any Service Pack 1 did not detect any outgoing information i.e. Trojans etcoutgoing information i.e. Trojans etc

Service pack 2 does now protect against Service pack 2 does now protect against these type of attacksthese type of attacks

What Windows Firewall Does and Does Not Do



Alternatives to Windows FirewallAlternatives to Windows Firewall Zone Alarm Zone Alarm

Free or ProfessionalFree or Professional Black Ice Black Ice

IBMIBM MacAfee Internet security suitMacAfee Internet security suit

SubscriptionSubscription TrendTrend

Corporate – can be managed over the LANCorporate – can be managed over the LAN

Spy ware Spy ware Computer software that is installed Computer software that is installed

sneakily on to a personal computer to sneakily on to a personal computer to intercept or take partial control over the intercept or take partial control over the user's interaction with the computer, user's interaction with the computer, without the user's informed consent.without the user's informed consent.

Anti spy softwareAnti spy software Spy Bot search and destroy – freeSpy Bot search and destroy – free Microsoft Defender - freeMicrosoft Defender - free


To access the Internet:-To access the Internet:-

Always use a FirewallAlways use a Firewall Install Anti virus – keep it uptodateInstall Anti virus – keep it uptodate Install Anti SpywareInstall Anti Spyware


Documents

Computer Repair & Maintenance. Tel: 0161 953 5995 Ex 3374 [email protected] Ainsley Smith