in1705/07-PDS

Computer Organization(Recap)

http://www.pds.ewi.tudelft.nl/~iosup/Courses/2011_ti1400_0-plus-4.ppt

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Circuit Design

Digital logicMemory elementsOther building blocks (Multiplexer,Decoder)Finite State Machines

Lectures 1.1,1.2

Programmable DevicesMemory organizationProgram sequencingvon Neumann archi.Instruction levels

Lectures 2.1,2.2, 6.1,6.2

Why Computer Organization Matters?Lecture

0

ComputersLectures

3,4,5,7.1, 7.2,8,Read

er

Data representation, conversion, and op.Instruction repr./useI/O and Memory

History of Computing(1642-2011)

Multi-ProcessorsLecture 9

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The Peak Performance Issue

Source: http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/~volkov/cs267.sp09/hw1/results/

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Frequency of Instruction Use

Frequency of Use

(logscale)

Instruction Rank

Source: http://www.eng.ucy.ac.cy/theocharides/Courses/ECE656/ia-32.pdf

50% code just 3 instructions (mov, call, jmp)

99% code under 50 instructions

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Floorplan IA-32

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The “Data Deluge”: Facts and Predictions

"Everywhere you look, the quantity of information in the world is soaring. According to one estimate, mankind created 150 exabytes (billion gigabytes) of data in 2005. This year, it will create 1,200 exabytes. Merely keeping up with this flood, and storing the bits that might be useful, is difficult enough. Analysing it, to spot patterns and extract useful information, is harder still.“The Data Deluge, The Economist, 25 February 2010.

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The Performance Gap Processor-Memory

Processor: CPU Speeds 2X every 2 years~Moore’s Law; limit ~2010Memory: DRAM Speeds 2X every 7 years

Gap: 2X every 2 years

Gap Still Growing?

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Four-stage pipeline

F1 D1

F2

F3

F4

D2

D3

D4

I1

I2

I3

I4

pipelined execution

time

1 2 3 4 5 Clock cycleO1 W1

O2 W2

O3 W3

O4 W4

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Compiler structure

Source program

Lexicographical analysis

Syntactic analysis

Semantic analysis

Intermediate-codegeneration

Code optimization

Code generation

Target program

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Large MIMD ClustersBlueGene/L

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For the Final Exam [1/2]

Chapter 1 CompleteChapter 2 CompleteChapter 3 NoChapter 4 All but 4.3,4.6,4.7Chapter 5 All but 5.2.2-3,5.5.3-4,5.6-5.10Chapter 6 All but 6.2,6.4-6,6.7.4Chapter 7 All but example detailsChapter 8 All but 8.7Chapter 9 No

Chapter 10 All but 10.3Chapter 11 NoChapter 12 Complete

Appendix A CompleteAppendix B NoAppendix C NoAppendix D NoAppendix E Only E.2

V.C. Hamacher, Z.G. Vranesic, S.G. Zaky, Computer Organization, McGraw-Hill, fifth edition, 2002.

Supersedes http://www.pds.its.tudelft.nl/vakken/in1705/exams/ti1400_tentamenstof.pdf

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For the Final Exam [2/2]

Chapter 1 CompleteChapter 2 CompleteChapter 3Chapter 4Chapter 5

CompleteCompleteComplete

Reader (Dictaat), version 2007

Lab Result: CompleteAssignment 2 Complete

CompleteCompleteComplete

Assignment 3Assignment 4Assignment 5

NoAssignment 6

#6 First:Tim de Jong

Eddie Schoute

Congratulations!

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Good Luck With the Exam!

Source: http://dilbert.com/strips/comic/1990-01-12/