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Computers: An Overview
What is a ComputerBlock Diagram of a Computer
Types of Computer
What¶s HardwareComponents of a Computer
www.Fullinterview.com
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Computers
They come in all Shapes and Sizes
Computer is an electronicdevice which accepts rawdata as input, processesthe data and gives the
desired output
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Keyboard
Mouse
MicrophoneDigital Video Cameras
I nput DevicesJoystick
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Monitor Printer
Speakers
Output Devices
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S uper Computers
Powerful Computers
Complex Operations
Expensive
Weather Bureau, Military,Space Research
PARA M , CRAY T90, Hitachi SX 6000 Series
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Mainframe Computers
Powerful
High Stability
Huge Database
Online Transactions ± Airlines,
Railways, E-Commerce
IBM 2064, 2003 Series
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Mini computers
A VAX minicomputer
Multiprocessors
Less Expensive
High Processing power
Used As Servers InCommercial Organizations
VAX , IB M, HP 300 Series
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Micro computers
Desktop computers
Laptops
Handheld pc¶s
General Purpose
Used for MultimediaGames, Data Storage ..
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H ardware: An Overview
What¶s Hardware
Hardware can be defined as physical components which are either attached to a computer or are a part of a computer
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M icroprocessor
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Model Intro.year Data buscapacity Addressablememory Clockspeeds
8085 1978 8 bit 1 MB 4.77 Mhz
8086 1978 16 bit 1 MB 10 Mhz
8088 1979 8 bit 1 MB 8 Mhz
80286 1982 16 bit 16 MB 25 Mhz80386 1985 32 bit 4 GB 33 Mhz
80486 1989 32 bit 4 GB 100 Mhz
Pentium 1993 64 bit 4 GB 166 Mhz
Pentium Pro 1995 64 bit 64 GB 200 Mhz
Pentium II 1997 64 bit 64 GB 450 Mhz
Pentium III 1999 64 bit 64 GB 1 Ghz
Pentium IV 2002 64 bit 64 GB 3.6 Ghz
P rocessors by I nte l
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P rocessor P ackages
DIPP ( Dual Inline Pin Package ) 8086,8085 ..
PGA ( Pin Grid Array ) 286,386,486 ..
SPGA ( Staggered Pin Grid Array ) Pentium, PentiumPro, A MD K5, K6
P/C QFP ( Plastic / Ceramic Quad Flat Pack ) 286, 386
P/C LCC ( Plastic / Ceramic Leaderless Chip Carrier ) 286,386
SECC ( Single Edge Contact Cartridge )SECC2 ( Single Edge Contact Cartridge ) Pentium IIISEPP ( Single Edge Processor Package ) Celeron
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S ocket TypesPentium Processors ± Socket 4, 5, 7
Pentium Pro ± Socket 8
Pentium III ± Socket 370
Pentium II, III Celeron ± Slot 1
Pentium IV ± Socket mPGA478
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Types :
I Static Ram
II D yn amic Ram
DRA M ( Dynamic Random Access Memory )
Speed 33.3 MhzPins 30 pins ( single sided )
EDO RA M ( Extended Data Output RA M )
Speed 66.6 MhzPins 72 pins ( single sided )
DRA M & EDO RA M are obsolete, were small in size and
were placed always in pairs in SI MM banks
R A M ( R andom Access M emory)
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SD RA M: ( Synchronous Dynamic RA M )
The data in SD-RA M flows at a speed of 66,100& 133mhzThis SD-RA M has 168 Pins ( Both sided )and is placed in DI MM banks
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DDR RA M ( Dual Data Rate RA M )
The data in DDR RA M flows at a speed of 266,333,400 MhzDDR RA M has a 184 Pins Configuration ( Both Sided )and is placed in DI MM banks
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RD RA M ( Rambus Dynamic RA M )
RD RA M has a speed of 800 MHza 184 Pins configuration ( Dual sided)and is placed in RI MM banks
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R eferen c es
www.intel.comwww.amd.com
A + Certification
author Michael Mayer
