Computer FileB.ed

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INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER

Introduction

Computer is the most versalite electronic Machine man has ever

created computer has made a great impact on our everyday life. Their

presence is felt in almost every walk of life be it hones, schools, colleges,

offices, industries hospitals, banks retail stores, railways, research & design

arganisalions etc.

A computer is basically a programmeable computing device the

letters of computers has some specific meaning i.e.

Definition

The term computer is derived from the word computer which means

to calculate Initially the computers were used to perform only the arithmetic

calculations but now the computer are used in every field.

It A computer is an electronic device which accept & store the row

data into a useful information.

Generally, a computer consists of following parts:

1. CPU 2. Key Board 3. Mouse 4. Monitor

5. Floppy Disk Drive 6. Hard Disk 7. UPS & Compact Disk Drive

8. CD Drive 9. Ram


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Characteristics of Computers

The main characteristics of computers are as follows:

Speed: The computer works very fast. It can perform millions of calculations in

fractions of second say in Nano Seconds ( 1 Nano Second = 1 Billion of a

second)

Accuracy and reliability: Computer is very accurate. It never results in any kind

of errors in the calculations. Some times we get some errors, but these are

because of the mistakes performed by the users.

Versatility: Computer can do unlimited jobs depending on its hardware

characteristics and according to the instructions fed into it.

Diligence: The computer works efficiently without committing any errors to

perform complicated and repetitive task.

Logical Decisions: Computer can give logical decision in Nano Second. For

example in arithmetic calculation, railway reservation, process control, security

etc.

Tireless: Since computer gets power continuously its never gets tired. The

computer can work tirelessly for hours provided continuous power is supplied.


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COMPONENTS OF COMPUTER

There are three components of computer:

Input Unit

Central Processing Unit :

(a) Memory (b) ALU-(Arithmetic and Logical Unit) (c) control Unit

Output Unit


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Control Unit (CU)

Interprets the instructions ina sequence and issues

commands to all elements


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Input Unit

Feeds dataand

Auxiliary Storage

Backing Unit

Acts as asupplement to

Central Processing Unit(CPU)


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Data SignalsControl Signals

COMPUTERS CLASSIFICATION

1) Based on Data Representation:

According to the data representation the computers can be classified as follows:

Digital Computers

Analog Computers

Hybrid Computers

Computer

Digital

Analog


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Analog Computers: They were used for processing data that vary

continuously. The data is given to these computers in continuous form.

Examples: Speedometer, Wall clock, Voltmeter, Pressure Gauges

Digital Computers: They are much more accurate than analog and perform

calculation by counting.

Examples: Desk calculators, Electronic Computers

Hybrid Computers: They incorporate the best features of both analog and

digital computers.

Examples: In a hospital Intensive care Unit (I.C.U)

2) Based on Purpose:

According to the purpose the computers can be classified as follows:

Special Purpose: These are

o Design to handle a particular task.

o The sequence of instructions permanently circuited.

o Example: Navigational computers used in Air Crafts

General Purpose: Design to handle variety of task

3) Based on Use:

According to the use the computers can be classified as follows:

Hybird


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Scientific :These are

o Fast internal processing speed

o Slow input/output devices

o Suitable for mathematical applications

Business : These are

o Relatively slow in processing

o Fast input/output devices

o Suitable for jobs involving large input/outputs and few simple calculations.

4) Based on Capacity Performance Criteria:

According to the capacity performance criteria the computers can be classified as

follows:

Micro Computers or Personal Computers : These are

o Cheap and easy to use

o Having limited input output capabilities

o Having low storage capacity

o Limited range of softwares can be used

Mini Computers: These are

o Having limited range of peripherals

o Limited software are used


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Mainframe Computers: These are

o Based on the principle that computing power should be concentrated

o Many people can use same machine at same time

o Sensitive to variations in temperature humidity dust etc.

Super Computers : These are

o Based on concept of parallel processing

o Many small computer chips works simultaneously millions of arithmetic

operations per second.

Benefits of Computers:

It has less time than manual work.

It saves time as it works fast.

It provides accuracy in work.

It saves stationary expenses.

It provides cleanliness in job.

It can store large data at a time.

Limitation of Computers:

Computer still need an operator to work.

Accuracy depends on the computer operator. One wrong entry feeding in

computer can change the result.

It required power to work on, without power (main electric supply or battery

backup), it can not be works.

It is a machine having not feeling or emotions.


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APPLICATIONS OF COMPUTER

The use of computers is increasing at such a rate that there is hardly any field where

computer are not used. The following list describe some of the applications of

computers:

In offices and homes for preparing documents and to perform other data

processing jobs.

To maintain accounts and transfer funds in banks.

It also prepare salary slips and salary checks in offices and factories.

To store and retrieve large amount of information in offices.

To send and receive electronic mail and fax.

To search and retrieve the information from other computers.

To control and simulate defense equipments.

To create animation cartoons, movies and compose music.

To regulate traffic lights on roads.

To control machines and robots in factories.

To design automobiles, buildings and dams and to forecast weather

To reserve tickets in the transportation sector for example railway and airlines

etc.


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Microsoft Word

A word processor is a Computer program that enables you to create, edit, print and

save document for further retrieval and revision. In simple language word processor is

nothing but processing of word i.e. constructing sentences, to write different letters,

prepare pamphlets project reports etc.

One of the chief advantages of word processing over a conventional

typewriter is that a word processor enables you to make changes to a document without

retyping the entire document. Example type in a letter after typing, it you can go back

and changes margins, add sentences, delete word, and correct spelling error and so on.

The most important feature being the print preview option allowing you to see how a

document may look after printing, to get an error free document printed.

FEATURES OF WORD PROCESSOR:

Adjustable page size and margins.

Printing selected text in bold face and italic or underline.

Printing selected text in superscript style and subscript style.

Changing the font and size of letters of selected text.

Alignment of the text e.g. right, Left, Center, Justified.

Adjustable line and character spacing.

Moving selected text to another location within the document or to another

document

Facility to create footnotes and endnotes.

Index of table content generation.

Spelling and grammar checking, thesaurus etc.


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Starting Microsoft Word

Step 1: Click on the Start Button on the Taskbar

Step 2: Move your pointer to Programs.

Step 3: Choose Microsoft word.


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WHAT IS MAIL MERGE?


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MS EXCEL

MS Excel is an integrated electronic worksheet (spreadsheet) program containing rowsand columns in which text or numbers are entered, edited, mathematical calculationsand logical operations can be performed. We can make graphs (charts) based on thegiven data in Excel. Besides, worksheet & graph Excel has following features:

Date and time related functions.

Manipulation of character data (string).

Drawing toolbars.

Each workbook can have multiple sheets.

Application of A Spreadsheet

Annual reports of the organization.

Income statement and income tax calculation.

Payrolls and Invoicing.

Account payable and receivable. Production and Marketing analysis.

Invest and Loan analysis.

Banking other Financial services.

Scientific calculations

Budget.

Starting MS ExcelIf the Desktop displays MS Excel icon, Double click on it.

OR

2. Click on the Start button, select the Program, and click on MS Excel.OR

3. Type excel.exe in the RUN command option.After opening Excel, the screen will look like this


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Ms-Excelenables us to organize the data in a form database to suit our needs. We canFormat our data or part of our data according to our need, as shown in the figure.

In this figure,Marks fallsbetween 450and 500 hasbeen formattedwith light bluecolor but themarks

obtained 501and above areformatted withdifferent color.Either we can

Sort our data alphabetically or numerically, in Descending or Ascending order i.e., wecan sort the data in any specific order.


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CREATING A SIMPLE CHART

Creating a chart is generally very simple and fast in excel. So let us try creating one.Follow the steps:-

Step 1: create the table below containing the branch wise sales figure of a company.

Region Qtr-1 QTr-2 Qtr-3

1st 30000 45000 8000

2nd 15600 35000 23000

3rd 29000 18000 34000

4th 15000 23500 24600

Step 2:-select the range a1a5 using the click method.

Step 3:- click the chart wizard button on the standard toolbar.


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PIE CHART


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The chart wizard dialog box appears

The default chart type selected will be column chart.


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POWER POINT

Power Point is one of the important application software of MS Office package. Itprovides a complete and easy way to create Presentation to satisfy any need. One cancreate and modify visually appealing and exiting business presentation and deliverthosePresentations using a variety of methods. Presentation is a form communication, wherewe get a chance to project our ideas and thoughts to a group of people.

The basic element of a presentation is the Slide. Each Slide in a presentation cancontain text, graphics, and other information. Power Point makes it easy to add slidesby providing specialized slide templates. In addition, we can animate object and textand add narrations, video, or music to a presentation. Power Point gives all theingredients one need to create a successful presentation. Power Point presentation is acollection of slide, handouts, speakers note, and outlineFeatures ofPower PointSlides: Slides are individual pages of a presentation having titles, text, graphs, shapesvisual created using other application and drawn art.Handouts: A handouts consists of smaller, printed version of the slide whish can beprovided to the audience.Speaker Notes: The speaker notes are pages containing explanations for one or moreslide of the presentation.Outlines: In the outline, the titles and main text appear, but not the whole text.

Starting ofPower Point

By double clicking on Power Point icon displayed on desktop.OR

Click on the Start menu, click on the Program option, and then click on the Power Pointoption.

After the completion of making presentation, it is time to save the presentation with thehelp of Save option. Now we can show the presentation to anyone at anytime with thehelp ofF5 function key or Slide Show option. The presentation can be performed withthe help of Mouse click or by Automatic timer.


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Design Template It is a pre-designed presentation that we can apply to the currentpresentation. It determines the presentation design but does not include content. Itallows us to apply or change the template on which the presentation is based on.8


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We can Format the text of the slides in different manner as options given in the Formatmenu, by clicking on Format a dialog box will appear, now we are able to select ouroptions regarding format of the text.

We can also insert the background for any slide and apply the same for all slides.


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We can edit and revise our slides in different way if we feel so, before the actual

presentation.

Adding Slides:

Click on New slide button on standard tool bar

New slide dialog box will appear

Select desired layout for new slide

Click OK

As shown in the figure:

MOVE OR REORDER SLIDES

Power Point provides the option to move the slide as per our requirement, Steps are:

From Outline Pane

Drag icon of slide to new position

When line appears at desired position, release mouse button

From Slide Sorter View

Drag slide to new position.

When vertical bar appears at desired position, release mouse button.

Slide Sorter View is a unique option from View menu of PowerPoint, which facilitates

us to view many slides at a time, which is quite helpful in editing the Slides in different


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ways. We can Delete slide after selecting it, copy a slide at different location, cut and

paste any slide.

ADDING TEXT TO A PLACEHOLDER

PowerPoint comes with 24 Auto layouts for Slides. Many of these layouts contain text

placeholders for titles, body text, and bulleted lists. We can change the size and the

position of a text placeholder or apply a different Auto layout to an existing slide at a

time. We will not lose any of the information on the slide. Steps for adding text to a

placeholder are:

Open a slide layout that contains a text placeholder. The slide will appear in the

slide view.

Click on the text in the placeholder. The placeholder text will disappear and a

cursor will appear at the upper-left corner of the placeholder.

Type the text that we want to appear in the placeholder.


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APPLYING TRANSITIONS, SOUNDS, ANDTIME TO SLIDES

Transitions are special effects that introduce a slide in a slide show. We can choose avariety of transitions and their speed. Steps are:

Click on the slide show menu.

Click on slide transition.

Select any option to apply from the right pane of the window.

Also select the SPEED which will determine the appearance of the speed of the

slide and,

Insert SOUND as per our requirement, i.e., we are able to attach any sound

effect to the slide such as Arrow, Bomb, Breeze, Camera etc., if do not want toinsert any sound effect to our slide select [No Sound].

The Slide Show Menu provides the facility

to set the Rehearse Timings option which

is helpful in setting the Presentation

timing.


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WINDOWS

Windows 95/98/2000/Me are the Operating Systems, whichwork as an interface between the user and the computer.

Windows offers user-friendly environment, which has made it

extremely popular. Windows is the product of Microsoft, the

biggest software company owned by Bill Gates, the richest man

in the world.

Windows Features:

1. GUI (Graphical user Interface) This interface allows the user

to use graphical images instead of text commands to perform

tasks.

2. Windows is Multitasking that allows you to run more than

one application at a time. For e.g. while working MS-WORD,

you can listen songs as well as open other application too.

3. Easy to use.

4. Uniform way


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TO SET A WALL PAPER

Step 1: Click right button of mouse on the desktop.

Step 2: Select the properties option.

Step 3: Click on background and choose the wallpaper from the drop-down menu.


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TO SET A SCREEN SAVER

Step 1: Click right button of mouse on the desktop.

Step 2: Select the properties option.Step 3: Click on screen saver button and choose the screen saver

from drop-down menu.


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CONTENTS

S.No. Particular P.No. Remarks

1. INTRODUCTION OF 1

COMPUTERS

2. MS WORD 103. MS EXCEL 14

4. POWERPOINT 22

5. WINDOWS 29

6. WALL PAPER 31

7. SCREEN SAVER 34


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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would to express my deepest gratitude to all people who were apart of my dissertation and helped me make it learning and a

rewarding experience.

I also thank principal Sir, Mr. P.K. Sahu and Subject

TeacherMr. Baljit Singh who supported me with his invaluable

insights and suggestions.

I am hearty thankful to the almightily who is constantly and

invisibly guidance every body and has also helped me to work on

right path.

Nikita Singh

Roll No. 77Univ. Roll No 0803776

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