Computer Diagnosis - Laptop & Portable Devices

Laptop &

Portable Devices2.1 Fundamental principles of using laptop and

portable device.

Chapter 2.0

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You Will Learn…

About laptop form factor, peripherals, ports, expansion slots, communication connections, power and electrical input devices, LCD Technologies and input devices.

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Notebook Computers

Notebook Characteristics

Less size =Less airflowOverheat faster

Laptop should be

Smaller & lighterHigh Performance but use less power for portability

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Notebook Computers Same technology as PCs, with modifications

for space, portability, and power conservation

Thin LCD panels (active matrix and passive matrix)

Compact hard drives

Small memory modules

CPUs that require less power

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Notebooks VS PCsNotebooks PCsUsually purchased as a

whole unit; unlikely to upgrade hardware and OS

Design is typically proprietary

Some universal support issues, but procedures vary between brands

Highly modularComponents can be

interchanged, upgraded, and enhanced

Cost less than notebooks

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Form FactorMemory & Storage

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Types of MemoryUsed by Notebooks

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Upgrading Memory

Simply open the small cover, and upgrade the memory.

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Upgrading MemoryOld notebook computer

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Hard Drive Comparison

3.5”7200rpm

2.5”5400rpm

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Replacing a Hard Drive

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PeripheralsDocking station, port replicator & accessory bay

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Ports on a Notebook

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Connecting PeripheralDevices to Notebooks

Ports on the notebook

PC Card slot with lock switch and eject button

Headphone jack

Microphone jack

Infrared port

Secure Digital (SD) card slot

CompactFlash Card slot

Wireless antenna on/off switch

Serial port

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Expansion slotsPCMCIA, Card & Express Bus

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PCMCIA/PC Card Slots

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Used by many devices

Connect to the 16-bit PCMCIA I/O bus on notebook motherboard

Might contain a data cable to an external drive, or might be self-contained

Can interface with a network

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CardBus (latest spec) Improves I/O speed

Increases bus width to 32 bits

Supports lower-voltage PC Cards while maintaining backward compatibility

Three other types (Type I, Type II, Type III), which vary in thickness

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PCMCIA/PC Card SlotsShort for Personal Computer Memory Card International Association, and pronounced as separate letters, PCMCIA is an organization consisting of some 500 companies that has developed a standard for small, credit card-sized devices, called PC Cards.

Originally designed for adding memory to portable computers, the PCMCIA standard has been expanded several times and is now suitable for many types of devices.

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PCMCIA/PC Card SlotsThere are in fact three types of PCMCIA cards. All three have the same rectangular size (85.6 by 54 millimeters), but different widths:

Type I cards can be up to 3.3 mm thick, and are used primarily for adding additional ROM or RAM to a computer.

Type II cards can be up to 5.5 mm thick. These cards are often used for modem and fax modem cards.

Type III cards can be up to 10.5 mm thick, which is sufficiently large for portable disk drives.

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PCMCIA/PC Card SlotsAs with the cards, PCMCIA slots also come in three sizes: • A Type I slot can hold one Type I card

• A Type II slot can hold one Type II card or one Type I card

• A Type III slot can hold one Type III card or any combination of two Type I or II cards.

In general, you can exchange PC Cards on the fly (hot swappable), without rebooting your computer. • For example, you can slip in a fax modem card when you want to send

a fax and then, when you're done, replace the fax modem card with a memory card.

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PC Cards

30A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

PC Cards

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Using a PC Card to Interface with a Network

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Using PC Card Slots and Other Slots

OS must provide two services Socket service

• Establishes communication between card and notebook when the card is first inserted

• Disconnects communication when card is removed

Card service• Provides device driver to interface with the card once

socket is created

Can be hot-swapped

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Hot-Swapping

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Other FRUs for Notebooks

Hard drive LCD panel Motherboard CPU Keyboard PC Card socket assembly

Optical drive Floppy drive Sound card Pointing device AC adapter Battery pack DC controller

FRU – Field Reserve Units

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Installing a Mini-PCI Card

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CommunicationConnectionsBluetooth, Ethernet, Cellular & infrared

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Wireless LAN

Infrared Bluetooth

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LCD technologiesactive & passive matrix, resolution, contrast ratio, native resolution

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LCD matrix screen

Two different type of LCD technology, Active and passive.

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Active & Passivematrix screen

Active-matrix Passive-matrix

• Transistor behind each pixel. • When switched on, transistor is

activated and aligned the crystals and turn pixel dark.

• It means, to fill a million of pixel with picture, all million transistor also will be activated.

million of pixel = number of transistors.

• Transistor is located at top and at another side of LCD screen.

• When particular pixel wants to turn on, transistor will sends a signal to the x- and y-coordinate transistors for that pixel. Thus turning them on.

million of pixel > number of transistors.

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Passivematrix screen

What is the advantages and disadvantages

of this type of LCD matrix screen ?

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Advantage & DisadvantagesActive & Passive matrix screen

Active-matrix Passive-matrix

Advantage: image produce is very crisp and easy to look at.

Disadvantage: requires large amount of power to operate all the transistors.

Advantage: consume less power hence it suitable for laptop and others portable device that powered by battery.

Disadvantage: computer takes a millisecond or two to light the coordinates for a pixel. The response of the screen to rapid changes is poor, causing, for example, an effect known as submarining:

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LCD Resolutions

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Can you describe the information from LCD Screen below?

Ratio = 16:10

Type = WUXGA

Time responseScreen size(Resolution)

Contrast Ratio

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Native resolution What this means in practical terms is that if you have an LCD monitor that

isn’t totally compatible with your video card, you could see some distortion of the image on the screen.

This is because the LCD monitor might be forced to try to scale the image (called interpolation) to fit it on the screen. Depending on how bad the fit is, you might see distortion.

This is particularly noticeable when dealing with disparate aspect ratios, like 4:3 (which would be 16:12) versus 16:10. The monitor will try to adjust the picture accordingly, but there isn’t a true, even mapping of pixels, and you will probably have distortion.

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Input devicesTrackball, touchpad, touchpoint, touch screen

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Pointing Devices

Trackball, touchpoint, touch pad, touch screen pointing devices.

48A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

How a Wheel Mouse Works

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How a Mouse Connectsto the Computer

Dedicated round mouse port (motherboard mouse or PS/2-compatible mouse)

Mouse bus card (bus mouse) Serial port (serial mouse) USB port Y-connection with the keyboard Cordless technology

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Power ManagementAuto-switching, batteries

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Windows Notebook Features

Multilink Channel Aggregation ACPI (Advanced Configuration and Power Interface) Power management Support for PC Cards Windows Offline Files and Folders Folder redirection under Windows 2000/XP/7/8 Hardware profiles under Windows 2000/XP/7/8

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Power Management

Power sources Battery DC adapter AC adapter

Types of batteries Lithium ion NiMH Fuel cell

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Power Management (continued)

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Power Management

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Resources for Troubleshooting Notebooks Apply same troubleshooting guidelines as for

desktop PCs Be especially conscious of warranty issues Loaded OS and hardware configuration are

specific; see documentation for details Support CDs bundled with notebook include

device drivers for all embedded devices Download additional or updated drivers from

manufacturer’s Web site

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Next:

Laptop &

Portable Devices2.2 Installation, configuration, optimization and

upgrade of the laptops and portable device.

Chapter 2.0

Documents

Computer Diagnosis - Laptop & Portable Devices