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GE-NP Proprietary Information
CENTRIFUGALCENTRIFUGAL
COMPRESSORSCOMPRESSORS
Fabrizio Tani
October 23rd 2001
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GE-NP Proprietary Information
GE OverviewGE Overview
g GEPS Oil & Gas
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GE-NP Proprietary Information
Aircraft Engines
Appliances
Capital Services
Industrial Systems
LightingMedical Systems
Plastics
Power Systems
Transportation Systems
NC
!istinct " !iverse " #lo$al!istinct " !iverse " #lo$al
The GE Portfolio of BusinessesThe GE Portfolio of Businessesg GEPS Oil & Gas
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GE-NP Proprietary Information
GE ResultsGE Results
Revenues Earnings
($B)($B)
19971997 19981998 1999199920002000
91 100112
130
19971997 199819981999199920002000
8.29.3
10.712.
7
Volume Increase as Result of Customer SatisfactionVolume Increase as Result of Customer Satisfaction
g GEPS Oil & Gas
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GE-NP Proprietary Information
CompressorsCompressors
#as Tur$ines#as Tur$ines
Steam Tur$inesSteam Tur$ines
%eactors%eactors
Air&CoolersAir&Coolers
Pumps & 'alvesPumps & 'alves
Metering SystemsMetering Systems
(uel !ispensers(uel !ispensers
)igh Speed %ecips*)igh Speed %ecips*
Tur$oE+pandersTur$oE+pandersLow to MediumLow to Medium
Pressure CompressorsPressure Compressors
Low to Medium PowerLow to Medium Power
Steam Tur$inesSteam Tur$ines
Multi&'endor #T SvsMulti&'endor #T Svs
Center of
Excellence for...
Nuovo PignoneNuovo Pignone
RotofloRotoflo
!"ermo#n!"ermo#n
GeminiGemini
O#essaO#essa
Screw CompressorsScrew Compressors
%C Com'ressor%C Com'ressor
Multi&'endorMulti&'endor
Compressor ServicesCompressor Services
CONECCONEC
Product & ServicesProduct & Services
LeadershipLeadership
g GEPS Oil & Gas
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GE-NP Proprietary Information
!"AT IS A COMPRESSOR#!"AT IS A COMPRESSOR#
COPRESSOR
PRESSRE R%!IO
G%S
Suction Pressure * Ps
Suction !em'erature * !sSuction Velocit * s
G%S
+isc"arge Pressure * P#
+isc"arge !em'erature * !#+isc"arge Velocit * #
Compressor = Black Box to increase Gas Pressure
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EFFICIENC$EFFICIENC$
Ratio ad%anta&e' ( )rice
OR
Ratio co't in )er*ect +or,d ( co't in rea, +or,d
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GE-NP Proprietary Information
A-IA.ATIC PROCESS/A-IA.ATIC PROCESS/
No ecan&e eat +it eterna, en%ironent
Fir't ,a+ o* terodnaic'
HWQ =
Adiabatic Proce'' /
HW =
0=Q
( )TPfH 4=
EnthalpyH
WorkInputW
HeatInputQ
=
=
=
Absorbed Power (P ! Specific "or# (" $ Gas %low (G
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A *5rter )ote'i'/
NO LOSSES
'ae '5ction condition' P'4T'
'ae di'car&e )re''5re Pd
,o+er di'car&e te)erat5re Ti'
Te i'entro)ic )roce'' a''ociated to te rea, adiabatic )roce'' a'/
ISENTROPIC PROCESSISENTROPIC PROCESS
Isentropic Process = All Energy to Compress Gas
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GE-NP Proprietary Information
ISENTROPIC EFFICIENC$ISENTROPIC EFFICIENC$
Te ratio o* i'entro)ic +or6 to te tota, ad'orbed ener&
is
is,
,=
7Te ratio bet+een +at +e +o5,d )a to obtain a
needed re'5,t in a )er*ect +or,d and +at +e )a toobtain te 'ae re'5,t in te rea, +or,d8
I'entro)ic e**icienc i' a *5nction o* )re''5re ratio
= vdpWS)eci*ic !or6/
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TOTAL A-SOR.E- ENERG$
in5'
ISENTROPIC !OR9
LOSSES
Lo''e' a,+a' a''ociated to te rea, )roce''
No ana,tica, +a to de'cribe te rea, )roce'' )oint b )oint
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GE-NP Proprietary Information
So,5tion to contro, te )roce''
i'oentro)e *ro '5ction condition' tote *ina, di'car&e )re''5re
,OR- INP! ON./
i'obar at con'tant di'car&e )re''5re
to acie%e te di'car&e te)erat5re
0E%! INP! ON./
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GE-NP Proprietary Information
Te e:5ation de*ine te teoretica, )roce'' ca,,ed
POL$TROPE
For eac 'te) te i'entro)ic +or6
dw vdpis=
dH
vdpe =
ei' te con'tant *or +ic te )at )a''e'
tro5& '5ction and di'car&e condition' and
te i'entro)ic e**icienc o* eac 'te)
!e de*ine te e:5ation/
POL$TROPIC !OR9/POL$TROPIC !OR9/
Te '5 o* a,, te i'entro)ic +or6' 'te) b 'te)Te '5 o* a,, te i'entro)ic +or6' 'te) b 'te)
, v#''
'ol
= .
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GE-NP Proprietary Information
POL$TROPIC EFFICIENC$POL$TROPIC EFFICIENC$
For a )er*ect &a'
Te ratio o* )o,tro)ic +or6 to tetota, ad'orbed ener&
'
'
,,=
'
n
n
-
-=
1
1
Po,tro)ic e**icienc i' not )re''5re ratio de)endant
7Te ratio bet+een te ad%anta&e +e
can obtain +it te 5'e o* a certain
too, and te )rice +e a%e to )a8
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GE-NP Proprietary Information
CUSTOMER NEE-S
-IFFERENT POINTS OF ;IE!-IFFERENT POINTS OF ;IE!
MANUFACTURER NEE-S
A +a to co)are co)re''or o* di**erentan5*act5rer' *or te 'ae 'er%ice
A etod to cec6 te )er*orance o* te
acine at 'ite
-e*ine a re,ation'i) bet+een te)er*orance and te &eoetr
;eri* te )er*orance
Acie%e te )er*orance
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GE-NP Proprietary Information
A !OR9ING IMPELLERA !OR9ING IMPELLER
Nora,, te tan&entia, co)onent o* C1i' ne&,i&ib,e
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GE-NP Proprietary Information
Te radia, co)onent o* &a'
%e,ocit i' a''ociated to te *,o+
M5,ti), te in,et radia,
%e,ocit b te area at in,et to
obtain te %o,5e *,o+ at
i)e,,er '5ction
Te tan&entia, co)onent o* &a'
%e,ocit i' a''ociated to te +or6ade on te *,5id
E5,ere:5ation
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GE-NP Proprietary Information
Te ener& ecan&ed4 )er 5nit o* +ei&t o* *,5id4 bet+eeni)e,,er o5t,et and in,et b it' an&5,ar ')eed
EULER E
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GE-NP Proprietary Information
EULER E
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GE-NP Proprietary Information
To )redict )er*orance +e need non dien'iona, coe**icient'
re)re'entin& a )'ica, )enoenon tat are/
-IMENSIONAL ANAL$SIS-IMENSIONAL ANAL$SIS
Re'5,t' o* e)erienta, +or6' carried o5t on ode,' o* te rea, 'ta&e'
inde)endent o* te act5a, 'ize o* te acine
inde)endent o* te act5a, i)e,,er' ')eed
inde)endent o* &a' caracteri'tic'
Te non dien'iona, coe**icient' are/
In,et F,o+ Coe**icient
O5t,et F,o+ Coe**icient
Peri)era, Mac N5ber
Reno,d' N5ber "ead Coe**icient
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GE-NP Proprietary Information
Te ratio bet+een te radia, co)onent o* te &a'
%e,ocit at in,et and i)e,,er ')eed in te 'ae
)oint
INLET FLO! COEFFICIENTINLET FLO! COEFFICIENT
1identi*ie' &a'an&,e' at in,et1
1
1
u
Cr=
OUTLET FLO! COEFFICIENTOUTLET FLO! COEFFICIENTTe ratio bet+een te radia, co)onent o* te &a'
%e,ocit at o5t,et and i)e,,er )eri)era, ')eed
2
2
2
u
C r=
A di**erent *or onst
v
v
i
o12
=
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GE-NP Proprietary Information
Te ratio o* i)e,,er )eri)era, ')eed to te
%e,ocit o* 'o5nd at i)e,,er in,et/
PERIP"ERAL MAC" NUM.ERPERIP"ERAL MAC" NUM.ER
A ea'5re o* &a' co)re''ibi,it
ina
u!u
2=
RE$NOL-S NUM.ERRE$NOL-S NUM.ER
u"
=Re
&a' '5ction den'it
u i)e,,er )eri)era, ')eed 1 i)e,,er eit +idt
dnaic %i'co'it
It can be read a' ratio o* inertia *orce' to %i'co5' '5r*ace *orce'
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GE-NP Proprietary Information
A ea'5re o* te i)e,,er ca)acit to
ener&i'e te &a'
"EA- COEFFICIENT"EA- COEFFICIENTTe ratio bet+een te tan&entia, co)onent o* te
&a' %e,ocit at o5t,et and i)e,,er )eri)era, ')eed
2
2
u
Cu=
2
2uW=
uCuW 22=E5,er e:5ation
O S O ANON -IMENSIONAL
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GE-NP Proprietary Information
NON -IMENSIONALNON -IMENSIONAL
PERFORMANCE CUR;ESPERFORMANCE CUR;ES
( )1
f=
( )1 #p =
( )1 hp =
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GE-NP Proprietary Information
S5ar/S5ar/
In)5t data/
S5ction Pre''5reS5ction Te)erat5reGa' Co)o'ition-i'car&e Pre''5re
Stat5' E:5ation >.!RS/ .enedict !ebb R5bin Star,in&?
E)erienta, data/F,o+ Coe**icient"ead Coe**icient
-i'car&e Pre''5reAb'orbed Po+erE**icienc
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GE-NP Proprietary Information
Main -e'i&n Criteria o*Main -e'i&n Criteria o*
Co)re''orCo)re''or@ E**icienc/ B @ D *or co)re''ion ratio 5) to 2 ore tan D *or co)re''ion ratio abo%e 2
@ O)eratin& ran&e/ *ro 0 to 1B0 D o* te de'i&n )oint
Design Point
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GE-NP Proprietary Information
LNGLiuefied 'atural Gas
NATURAL GAS Oil Production Gas Production Gas LiftPipeline Gas Re)in*ection
Gas Stora+e
PETROCHEICALS S,n+as & %ertili-ers.
/O0 co1pressor for 2REA Plants
A11onia S,nthesis
3ethanol S,nthesis
RE!INER" %luid catal,tic crac#in+ Refor1in+ 4,drocrac#in+
Manufacturing Complete Range of Centrifugal Compressors
A comprehensive production for On-Shore and Off-Shore Services since 1960from the High Volumes - Low Pressure Applications
to the Low Volumes - High Pressure Applications
Over !00 "nits #ol$Over !00 "nits #ol$
%orl$ &ea$er in Gas Compression%orl$ &ea$er in Gas Compression
Over !00 "nits #ol$Over !00 "nits #ol$
%orl$ &ea$er in Gas Compression%orl$ &ea$er in Gas Compression
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GE-NP Proprietary Information
&o' Pressures ( )ig* +olumes
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GE-NP Proprietary Information
CL # $CL # %CL # DCL Compressors
Hig& 'ol(me !lo)s *(p to $++,+++ m%-& .or CL # %++,+++ m%-& .or DCL/
Lo) Disc&arge Press(res *(p to 0+ 1ar/
Casings eit&er cast or .a1ricate2
Cast Iron Diap&ragms
Ra2ial an2 T&r(st 3earings Tilting Pa2 type
S&a.t En2 Seals 1ot& Oil .ilm type or 2ry gas seal type
&o' Pressures ( )ig* +olumes
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GE-NP Proprietary Information
Casings an$ ,iap*ragms for )ig* Pressure CompressorsCasings an$ ,iap*ragms for )ig* Pressure CompressorsCasings an$ ,iap*ragms for )ig* Pressure CompressorsCasings an$ ,iap*ragms for )ig* Pressure Compressors
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GE-NP Proprietary InformationGE-NP Proprietary Information
3CL 4-N#-A#-3#-C#-D5 # $3CL 4-N#-A#-3#-C#-D5 # %3CL
Compressors .or casing rating ranging (p to 67+++ Psi 4API5
(e2i(m to Lo) 'ol(me !lo)s *ranging .rom 8+,+++ m%-& 2o)n to %++ m%-&/
(
e2i(m to 'ery Hig& Disc&arge Press(res *e9perience2 (p to :++ 1ar/
(!orge2 Steel Casings
(!orge2 Steel Inner Casing
(Cast Iron Diap&ragms 4.orge2 steel .or &ig& 2i..erential Press(res5
(Ra2ial an2 T&r(st 3earings Tilting Pa2 type
(S&a.t En2 Seals 1ot& Oil .ilm type or 2ry gas seal type
)ig*-+er. )ig* pressures ( &o' +olumes
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GE-NP Proprietary InformationGE-NP Proprietary Information
O;er&(ng Type3eam Type
( A9ial Inlet
( Single Impeller
( Hig& 'ol(mes, Lo) Press(re Ratio
( Hy2rostatic Li.t
(Si
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GE-NP Proprietary Information
%D Impeller Tec&nology
ac&ine2 1y 7#A9is illing ac&ines
3arrel Casing it& Cartri2ge Concept Internals
.or Easy aintenance
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GE-NP Proprietary Information
+erticall. #plit Pipeline Compressors
e2i(m to Hig& 'ol(me !lo)s *ranging .rom 8+,+++ m%-& 2o)n to %+++ m%-&/
Lo) to e2i(m Disc&arge Press(res *e9perience2 (p to 66+ 1ar/
Lo) Compressor Ratio *e9perience2 (p to $/
Hig& Polytropic E..iciency *e9perience2 (p to +>8? )it& ;ane2 Di..(sor/
A9ial Gas Inlet Arragement or Tra2itional Si2e Inlet !lange Con.ig(ration
!orge2 Steel Casings an2 inner casing
Ra2ial an2 T&r(st 3earings Tilting Pa2 type 4option .or magnetic 1earings5
S&a.t En2 Seals )it& Tan2em Dry Gas Seals
Stan2ar2i
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GE-NP Proprietary Information
Co)re''or Se,ectionCo)re''or Se,ection
Te co)re''or i' nora,, dri%en b Ga' T5rbine or E,ectric Motor
Co)re''ion 'e,ection 'te)'/
E'tiated ab'orbed )o+er +it dedicated 'o*t+areSe,ection o* te '5itab,e GT ode,Rotatin& ')eed becoe' an in)5t4 re,ated to te 'e,ected GTFina, 'e,ection o* co)re''or b ')eci*ic 'o*t+are
Compressor Configurators are t*e /(tools to perform a selection
via 2/R/2
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GE-NP Proprietary Information
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#23G/# #23,3R,432O#23G/# #23,3R,432O
Predesi+ned and tested sta+es are used to 1eetPredesi+ned and tested sta+es are used to 1eet
the reuested perfor1ance and to avoid rotatin+the reuested perfor1ance and to avoid rotatin+
stall on statoric and rotatin+ co1ponentsstall on statoric and rotatin+ co1ponents
Standardi,ation Ensures %elia$ility of Predicted PerformancesStandardi,ation Ensures %elia$ility of Predicted PerformancesStandardi,ation Ensures %elia$ility of Predicted PerformancesStandardi,ation Ensures %elia$ility of Predicted Performances
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GE-NP Proprietary Information
E@PERIENCED UP TO $6+ 3AR STATICE@PERIENCED UP TO $6+ 3AR STATIC
TANDE SEALSTANDE SEALS
TRIPLE SEALSTRIPLE SEALS
E@PERIENCED UP TO $+ 3AR D"NAIC AND %6+ 3AR STATICE@PERIENCED UP TO $+ 3AR D"NAIC AND %6+ 3AR STATIC
S"aft en# sealingS"aft en# sealing
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GE-NP Proprietary Information
S"aft en# sealingS"aft en# sealing
Nuovo PignoneNuovo Pignone
.%RGE E2PERIENCE ON +R/ G%S SE%.S.%RGE E2PERIENCE ON +R/ G%S SE%.S
Over 344 Com'ressors it" +r Gas SealsOver 344 Com'ressors it" +r Gas Seals
Sealing 'ressures at Settling Out con#itionsSealing 'ressures at Settling Out con#itions u' to 5344 PSI%u' to 5344 PSI%
+r Gas Seals si6e u' to 374+r Gas Seals si6e u' to 374
!ry #as Sealing system for -CL./0C
Statoil 'eslefri11 Compressor
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GE-NP Proprietary Information
HONE"CO3 la1yrint&sHONE"CO3 la1yrint&s
on 1alancing 2r(ms an2 impellerson 1alancing 2r(ms an2 impellersto increase rotor system 2amping capa1ilitiesto increase rotor system 2amping capa1ilities
.or Hig& Press(re Applications.or Hig& Press(re Applications>>
0onecom1 for Im'rove# Rotor Sta1ilit0onecom1 for Im'rove# Rotor Sta1ilit0onecom1 for Im'rove# Rotor Sta1ilit0onecom1 for Im'rove# Rotor Sta1ilit
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Pro'ane Com'ressor installe# at Bintulu Plant